"Sinew prescription correspondence" is the principle of selecting prescriptions for channel sinew diseases. On the basis of the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment， the pulse manifestation corresponds to the channel sinew syndrome， which can improve the flexibility and standardization of clinical prescriptions. From the perspective of systematic dialectical sphygmology， this paper explains the dialectical relationship between channel sinew theory and pulse body elements， pulse wall elements， pulse elements and blood flow elements， and clarifies the internal relationship between pulse manifestation and prescriptions at the level of channel sinew disease. The prescription is derived from the method， while the method is established with the syndrome， and the prescription is unified by the method. According to the theory of "sinew prescription correspondence"， the treatment ideas of channel sinew diseases were analyzed from the perspective of channel sinew distribution， functional characteristics and structural changes. On this basis， the diagnosis of channel sinew disease and the application of prescriptions are expanded， and the research on the internal treatment and diagnosis mode of "pulse manifestation-channel sinew-zang fu （脏腑）" is prospected， so as to expand the differentiation and treatment methods of channel sinew theory.

To standardize the clinical application of oral Chinese patent medicines （CPMs）， and address the safety issues arising from their dosage form characteristics， irrational clinical use， and the lack of targeted pharmacovigilance systems， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized the formulation and release of Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Oral Chinese Patent Medicines， aiming to inform the safe clinical use of oral CPMs and related pharmacovigilance work. According to the principles of GB/T1.1—2020 and the Drug Administration Law of the People's Republic of China （2019 revision）， the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， led a drafting group comprising 18 institutions. After multiple rounds of expert interviews， literature retrieval， evidence screening， and extensive solicitation of opinions， the Guidelines were registered internationally. Systematic standardization focused on safety monitoring， risk identification， assessment， control， and other aspects. The Guidelines clarified the characteristics of oral CPMs in terms of safety monitoring， known risks， and potential risks， compared to non-oral CPMs. Then， risk control measures were proposed， including medication in special populations and irrational medication. As a special guideline for pharmacovigilance in the clinical application of oral CPMs， the Guidelines systematically construct a technical system in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which is essential for improving the clinical safety management of oral CPMs and provides an important reference for medical institutions， pharmaceutical manufacturers， and regulatory authorities.

To standardize the clinical application of oral Chinese patent medicines （CPMs）， and address the safety issues arising from their dosage form characteristics， irrational clinical use， and the lack of targeted pharmacovigilance systems， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized the formulation and release of Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Oral Chinese Patent Medicines， aiming to inform the safe clinical use of oral CPMs and related pharmacovigilance work. According to the principles of GB/T1.1—2020 and the Drug Administration Law of the People's Republic of China （2019 revision）， the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， led a drafting group comprising 18 institutions. After multiple rounds of expert interviews， literature retrieval， evidence screening， and extensive solicitation of opinions， the Guidelines were registered internationally. Systematic standardization focused on safety monitoring， risk identification， assessment， control， and other aspects. The Guidelines clarified the characteristics of oral CPMs in terms of safety monitoring， known risks， and potential risks， compared to non-oral CPMs. Then， risk control measures were proposed， including medication in special populations and irrational medication. As a special guideline for pharmacovigilance in the clinical application of oral CPMs， the Guidelines systematically construct a technical system in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which is essential for improving the clinical safety management of oral CPMs and provides an important reference for medical institutions， pharmaceutical manufacturers， and regulatory authorities.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45β(Gadd45b)is beneficial to the repair of acute cerebral ischemia,but the action mechanism is still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Gadd45b on white matter demyelinating lesions in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,model group,empty vector group,and Gadd45b overexpression group,with 15 rats in each group.Gadd45b-overexpressing lentivirus and no-load lentivirus were injected into the bilateral hippocampus and bilateral ventricles of rats.One week after lentivirus transfection,the rat model of chronic hypoperfusion cerebral ischemia was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation.Three weeks after the bilateral common carotid artery ligation,the learning and cognitive functions of rats were evaluated by novel object recognition test.Luxol fast blue staining was used to observe the changes of myelin structure in the corpus callosum of rats.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the damage of the rat corpus callosum.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of myelin basic protein and neurofilament protein 200 in the corpus callosum of rats.Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the expression of astrocyte markers GFAP/C3d and GFAP/S100A10 in rat brain tissue.ELISA was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the supernatant of brain tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Gadd45b overexpression could significantly improve the learning and cognitive function of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia,and improve demyelination and pathological damage in the rat corpus callosum.(2)The results of immunofluorescence showed that Gadd45b overexpression significantly increased the expression levels of myelin basic protein and neurofilament protein 200 in the brain tissue of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.(3)Gadd45b overexpression reduced GFAP/C3d double positive cells and increased GFAP/S100A10 double positive cells in the brain tissue of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.(4)Gadd45b overexpression reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the brain tissue of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.It is concluded that Gadd45b overexpression improves cognitive dysfunction by promoting the A2 phenotype transformation of astrocytes,alleviating white matter myelin structure damage and neuroinflammation in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.

Objective To explore the relationship between gut microbiota and adult hippocampal neu-rogenesis(AHN)in the prevention of age-related neurological decline by aerobic exercise,and to clar-ify the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in exercise enhancing AHN.Methods Sixteen 52-week-old SPF C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into an old control group(OC)and an old aerobic ex-ercise group(OE),each of 8.The OE group underwent 16-week incremental load treadmill exercise,while the control group kept quiet.After the intervention,the contents of 5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)and Dopamine(DA)in hippocampus were detected using ELISA,while those of glutamic amino acid(Glu)in hippocampus,as well as Acetylcholine(Ach)in hippocam-pus and serum was determined by using the ultraviolet colorimetric method.Moreover,hippocampal in-sulin-like growth factors 1(IGF1)and vascular epithelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)proteins expression were measured using Western blotting.Meanwhile,fe-cal samples were collected for microbiota analysis by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results① After 16-week aerobic exercise,compared with the OC group,the contents of 5-HT and Glu(P<0.01),DA and GA-BA(P<0.05)in hippocampus increased in the OE group.Moreover,the hippocampal and serum Ach levels in the OE group increased significantly,compared to the OC group(P<0.01).②Compared with the OC group,the expression of BDNF,VEGF and IGF1 in the OE group increased significantly(P<0.01)after 16-week aerobic exercise.③Compared with the OC group,the diversity of microbiota in the OE group increased significantly(P<0.01)after the intervention.Moreover,the relative abundance of bacteroidetes and tenericutes increased,while that of proteobacteria decreased significantly in the OE group(P<0.01).Conclusions The composition of gut microbiota and the expression of central neu-rotransmitters in aged mice were significantly improved after 16-week incremental load aerobic exer-cise.Moreover,the expression of hippocampal neurogenesis related factors and the content of central neurotransmitters in adult individuals were promoted.The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in exercise improving AHN in aged mice.

Objective To explore the relationship between gut microbiota and adult hippocampal neu-rogenesis(AHN)in the prevention of age-related neurological decline by aerobic exercise,and to clar-ify the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in exercise enhancing AHN.Methods Sixteen 52-week-old SPF C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into an old control group(OC)and an old aerobic ex-ercise group(OE),each of 8.The OE group underwent 16-week incremental load treadmill exercise,while the control group kept quiet.After the intervention,the contents of 5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)and Dopamine(DA)in hippocampus were detected using ELISA,while those of glutamic amino acid(Glu)in hippocampus,as well as Acetylcholine(Ach)in hippocam-pus and serum was determined by using the ultraviolet colorimetric method.Moreover,hippocampal in-sulin-like growth factors 1(IGF1)and vascular epithelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)proteins expression were measured using Western blotting.Meanwhile,fe-cal samples were collected for microbiota analysis by 16S rDNA sequencing.Results① After 16-week aerobic exercise,compared with the OC group,the contents of 5-HT and Glu(P<0.01),DA and GA-BA(P<0.05)in hippocampus increased in the OE group.Moreover,the hippocampal and serum Ach levels in the OE group increased significantly,compared to the OC group(P<0.01).②Compared with the OC group,the expression of BDNF,VEGF and IGF1 in the OE group increased significantly(P<0.01)after 16-week aerobic exercise.③Compared with the OC group,the diversity of microbiota in the OE group increased significantly(P<0.01)after the intervention.Moreover,the relative abundance of bacteroidetes and tenericutes increased,while that of proteobacteria decreased significantly in the OE group(P<0.01).Conclusions The composition of gut microbiota and the expression of central neu-rotransmitters in aged mice were significantly improved after 16-week incremental load aerobic exer-cise.Moreover,the expression of hippocampal neurogenesis related factors and the content of central neurotransmitters in adult individuals were promoted.The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in exercise improving AHN in aged mice.

Objective To examine the expression levels of inflammatory factors,including IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH,in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemor-rhage(sICH),and to investigate their associations with disease severity and clinical outcomes.Methods A total of 168 patients with sICH admitted to Tangshan GongRen Hospital between January 2023 and January 2025 were prospectively enrolled as the study group,while 30 non-sICH patients who underwent lumbar puncture during the same period served as the control group.Levels of inflammatory factors in CSF were compared between the two groups.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between inflammatory factor levels and clinical severity in sICH patients.Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of sICH prognosis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of these inflammatory factors in sICH.Results The levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH in the CSF of patients with sICH were significantly higher than those in non-sICH patients(all P<0.05).Furthermore,among sICH patients,these biomarker levels exhibited a graded increase according to disease severity:severe>moderate>mild(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between CSF levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH and the NIHSS scores,with correlation coefficients(r)of 0.686,0.553,0.685,0.593,and 0.695,respectively(all P<0.05).When comparing the prognoses of sICH patients,hematoma size,NIHSS score,and CSF levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH were significantly higher in the deceased group than in the survival group(P<0.05),whereas ApoA1 levels were lower in the deceased group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that hematoma size,NIHSS score,and elevated CSF levels of IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH were independent risk factors for mortality in sICH patients(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values for CSF IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH in predicting sICH prognosis were 0.794,0.754,0.670,0.717,and 0.683,respectively.Notably,the combination of CSF inflammatory markers with hematoma size and NIHSS score yielded an AUC of 0.993,demonstrating significantly greater predictive accuracy than CSF inflammatory markers alone(P<0.05).Conclusions The levels of inflammatory factors in the CSF,including IL-6,IL-10,MMP-9,IL-17A,and LDH,were elevated in patients with sICH and positively correlated with disease severity.Combining CSF inflammatory markers with the NIHSS score and hematoma size improved the predictive accuracy for sICH prognosis.

Objective To prepare a stable rat model of chronic liver failure to provide a tool for basic research.Methods Sixty-six SPF SD rats were divided into a normal group(n=18)and a modeling group(n=48).Rats in the modeling group received an intraperitoneal injection of 50％CCl4 olive oil solution(1.5 mL/kg,twice a week).Multidimensional assessment was performed at 8,16,and 24 weeks,respectively,including ultrasonic examination of liver morphology,hardness,portal vein diameter,and ascites,and collection of serum,plasma,and liver tissue to detect liver function,coagulation function,and blood ammonia levels.Liver tissue injury and fibrosis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Cognitive function was assessed using the water maze test.Survival were recorded simultaneously.Results Rats in the model group showed decreased activity and appetite,yellow urine,and increased abdominal circumference compared with the normal group.Ultrasound showed enhanced liver parenchyma echo in the model group that thickened with time,secondary ascites formation,portal vein dilation,and portal hypertension.Water maze and blood ammonia tests confirmed cognitive decline(memory and orientation loss)and hepatic encephalopathy in the model group.Gross observation showed that the liver in the model group was atrophied and appeared rough and uneven.HE staining showed hepatocyte swelling,steatosis,and necrosis,and Masson staining confirmed fibrosis progression with pseudolobule formation.The liver function indexes AST,ALT,TBIL and blood ammonia continued to increase,and coagulation dysfunction(prolonged PT and increased INR)gradually increased with the modeling process.Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of 50％CCl4 olive oil solution(1.5 mL/kg,every week)for 24 weeks can stably simulate persistent chronic liver injury in rats and lead to the typical pathological changes and complications of chronic liver failure,based on the decompensation stage of cirrhosis.This model replicates the pathological evolution of human hepatitis from liver fibrosis → liver cirrhosis compensation → decompensation → chronic liver failure,providing a reliable modeling reference for the study of the mechanism of chronic liver failure.

Objective To explore the influence of combination of recombinant human collagen dressing and promestriene ointment on symptoms and vaginal microecology in patients with atrophic vaginitis.Methods The data of patients with atrophic vaginitis admitted to the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army were retrospectively collected from April 2017 to April 2024.According to treatment methods,the enrolled patients were divided into a study group(recombinant human collagen dressing combined with promestriene ointment for 7 days)and a control group(promestriene ointment for 7 days).The efficacy,symptom disappearance time,vaginal microecology and adverse reactions were compared between groups,and recurrence rate of atrophic vaginitis within 1 month was observed.Results A total of 150 patients were screened and included,77 in the study group and 73 in the control group.After treatment,the total therapeutic efficacy in the study group was higher than that in the control group(89.61％vs.76.71％,P＜0.05).The disappearance durations of abnormal leucorrhea,vulva pruritus and vulva burning pain in the study group were significantly shorter compared with those in the control group(all P＜0.05).The vaginal pH value in the study group was lower,while the positive rate of Lactobacillus and proportions of vaginal flora density grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ and diversity grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ were higher compared to the control group(all P＜0.05).During treatment,no significant difference was exhibited in the total incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).The recurrence rate was lower in the study group than that in the control group within 1 month of follow-up(P＜0.05).Conclusion Recombinant human collagen dressing combined with promestriene ointment is more effective than promestriene ointment alone in improving the efficacy of patients with atrophic vaginitis,and can better shorten the disappearance durations of symptoms such as abnormal leucorrhea,vulva pruritus and vulva burning pain,correct the disorder of vaginal microecology,and reduce the short-term recurrence rate of vaginitis,and offer good safety.

Objective:To construct Nomogram prediction model for pulmonary infection in patients after aortic dissection surgery, so as to provide reference for early screening of high-risk groups and carrying out preventive nursing measures.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study. The case data of patients after aortic dissection surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to October 2023 were selected by convenient sampling method and divided into pulmonary infection group and non-pulmonary infection group according to whether pulmonary infection occurred within one week after surgery. The risk factors of pulmonary infection after aortic dissection surgery were analyzed by Logistic regression and the Nomogram prediction model was constructed by R4.3.3.The model was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis.Results:A total of 324 patients with aortic dissection were collected, and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was 26.9%(87/324). There were 87 cases in pulmonary infection group, including 65 males and 22 females, with a median age of 58.0 years. There were 237 cases in non-pulmonary infection group, including 180 males and 57 females, with a median age of 60.0 years. Finally, operation time ( OR=1.015, 95% CI 1.007-1.022), intraoperative blood transfusion ( OR=1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.022), mechanical ventilation time ( OR=7.624, 95% CI 2.679-21.692), postoperative invasive operation ( OR=6.310, 95% CI 1.545-25.778) and postoperative renal insufficiency ( OR=6.723, 95% CI 1.219-37.063) were independent risk factors for pulmonary infection after aortic dissection surgery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.978, sensitivity of 93.7%, and specificity of 90.8%. The calibration curve showed good consistency, and the decision curve analysis curve showed good net benefit. Conclusions:Operation time, intraoperative blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation time, postoperative invasive operation and postoperative renal insufficiency are high-risk factors of pulmonary infection after aortic dissection surgery and the constructed predictive model has predictive value.