Objective:To induce an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)model by MOG-specific TCR trans-genic mice(2D2TCR transgenic mice),and to investigate effect of exogenous ERMAP on T cells in spleen of MOG35-55-induced 2D2TCR transgenic mice.Methods:EAE models were established in two groups of 2D2TCR transgenic mice(Control-Ig treatment for control group and ERMAP-Ig fusion protein treatment for experimental group),with 9 mice per group.Severity of spinal cord injury of MOG35-55-induced EAE in mice was assessed based on daily clinical scores(DAI),HE and LFB staining results;autoreactive T cells(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+),T cell proliferation activation indicators CD69(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+CD69+)and Ki67(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+Ki67+),Treg(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+CD25+Foxp3+)and Th17 cells(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+IL-17A+)in spleen were detected by flow cytome-try;IL-17A,IL-6,IFN-γ and TGF-β expressions in spinal cord tissues were detected by qRT-PCR.Results:In MOG35-55-induced 2D2TCR transgenic mouse EAE model,ERMAP-Ig fusion protein treatment group showed milder inflammatory infiltration and demye-lination in spinal cord,decreased proportion of autoreactive T cells,decreased proportion of activated and proliferating T cells,increased proportion of Treg,inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation,less inflammatory cell aggregation and cytokine production,and increased expression of anti-inflammatory factors in spinal cord.Conclusion:ERMAP may be involved in development of EAE in 2D2TCR transgenic mice by inhibiting T cell proliferative activation and promoting Treg cell production.

OBJECTIVE: To provide the experience and demonstration for the transformation of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques standards from Chinese national standards to international standards. METHODS: Questionnaire research, literature research, semi-structured interviews and expert consultation were used. RESULTS: The safety of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques was evaluated through literature research, and based on the results of the questionnaire survey, expert interviews, and expert consultation, 11 main bodies and structure of the former Chinese national standard, Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: General Rules for Drafting, were adjusted and optimized in accordance with the requirements of international standard (including the language, normative references, purpose, scope, applicable environment, target population, work team, terms and definitions, general principles and basic requirements, structural elements and text structure, and compilation process); and the first international standard, World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societis (WFAS) Technical Benchmark of Acupuncture and Moxibustion: General Rules for Drafting was formulated to specify the general rules for drafting. CONCLUSION The 3 key questions, "international compatibility", "technical operability" and "safety" should be solved technically on the basis of explicit international requirements. It is the core technical issue during transforming the national standards of technical benchmark of acupuncture and moxibustion into international standards.
Moxibustion/methods* ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Humans ; Translational Research, Biomedical/standards* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; China ; Benchmarking/standards*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of minimally invasive osteotomy with preservation of blood supply to the transversely transported bone segment in the treatment of chronic ischemic lower limb diseases using tibial transverse bone transport. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 12 patients with chronic ischemic lower limb diseases who met the selection criteria and were treated between June 2016 and December 2023. The cohort included 7 males and 5 females, aged 26-87 years (mean, 61.2 years). Among them, 7 patients had diabetic foot (DF), including 2 cases complicated by arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO), with a DF duration ranging from 1.7 to 23.0 months (mean, 9.6 months) and ulcer sizes ranging from 3.2 cm×2.4 cm to 10.0 cm×6.6 cm. Three patients had ASO with a disease duration of 1.7-23.0 months (mean, 10.4 months) and ulcer or post-amputation wound sizes ranging from 2.2 cm×2.1 cm to 12.0 cm×7.7 cm. Additionally, 2 patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) had a disease duration of 7 and 12 months, respectively. Preoperatively, the mean foot skin temperature was (27.63±0.34)℃, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 8.5±0.7. All patients underwent tibial transverse bone transport using minimally invasive osteotomy while preserving the blood supply to the transported bone segment. Postoperative complications and foot ulcer healing were observed. The effectiveness of tibial transverse bone transport was evaluated by comparing preoperative and postoperative foot skin temperature, VAS scores, as well as through CT angiography (CTA). RESULTS: One DF patient with ASO was lost to follow-up, while the remaining 11 patients were followed up 10-29 months (mean, 20.5 months). One DF patient had a displaced fracture at the site of tibial transport due to trauma, which healed after plaster immobilization; 1 DF patient had a small amount of pigmentation in the skin of the donor site, but the blood circulation was good; no complication such as pin tract infection, skin necrosis, or osteomyelitis occurred in the donor site of all patients. At 2-3 weeks postoperatively, the foot skin temperature was (34.21±0.65)℃, and the VAS score was 0.3±0.1, both significantly improved compared to preoperative ones ( t=-31.578, P<0.001; t=49.000, P<0.001). Two TAO patients experienced recurrent, persistent, intolerable pain at 7-10 days postoperatively, with no reduction in ulcer size or necrotic areas; 1 underwent toe amputation, and the other required a mid-leg amputation. The remaining patients achieved complete ulcer healing, with healing time ranging from 5.1 to 9.2 weeks (mean, 6.8 weeks). CTA showed no new vascular occlusions or embolisms. X-ray films at 4 months postoperatively demonstrated proper repositioning and good healing of the transported tibial bone segment. CONCLUSION The application of minimally invasive osteotomy with preserved blood supply to the transversely transported bone segment in tibial transverse bone transport for the treatment of chronic ischemic lower limb diseases effectively minimizes extensive soft tissue dissection, reduces surgical soft tissue damage, and better maintains local blood supply. This approach lowers the risk of postoperative infection and skin necrosis while accelerating postoperative recovery.
Humans ; Osteotomy/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Tibia/surgery* ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diabetic Foot/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans/surgery* ; Ischemia/surgery* ; Lower Extremity/blood supply*

Objective:To induce an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)model by MOG-specific TCR trans-genic mice(2D2TCR transgenic mice),and to investigate effect of exogenous ERMAP on T cells in spleen of MOG35-55-induced 2D2TCR transgenic mice.Methods:EAE models were established in two groups of 2D2TCR transgenic mice(Control-Ig treatment for control group and ERMAP-Ig fusion protein treatment for experimental group),with 9 mice per group.Severity of spinal cord injury of MOG35-55-induced EAE in mice was assessed based on daily clinical scores(DAI),HE and LFB staining results;autoreactive T cells(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+),T cell proliferation activation indicators CD69(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+CD69+)and Ki67(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+Ki67+),Treg(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+CD25+Foxp3+)and Th17 cells(CD4+Vα3.2+Vβ11+IL-17A+)in spleen were detected by flow cytome-try;IL-17A,IL-6,IFN-γ and TGF-β expressions in spinal cord tissues were detected by qRT-PCR.Results:In MOG35-55-induced 2D2TCR transgenic mouse EAE model,ERMAP-Ig fusion protein treatment group showed milder inflammatory infiltration and demye-lination in spinal cord,decreased proportion of autoreactive T cells,decreased proportion of activated and proliferating T cells,increased proportion of Treg,inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation,less inflammatory cell aggregation and cytokine production,and increased expression of anti-inflammatory factors in spinal cord.Conclusion:ERMAP may be involved in development of EAE in 2D2TCR transgenic mice by inhibiting T cell proliferative activation and promoting Treg cell production.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of chronic disease resource utilization between health promotion behaviors and disease control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select T2DM patients who attended the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2023 to October 2024 for the study. The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, Chronic Illness Resources Survey (CIRS), Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ), and Control Status Scale for Diabetes (CSSD). Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between chronic disease resource utilization, health promotion behaviors, and disease control. Structural equation modeling and mediating effect validation were performed using AMOS 21.0.Results:A total of 310 questionnaires were distributed, 292 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 94.19%. The CIRS, HPLP-Ⅱ, and CSSD scores of 292 patients were (53.45±12.83), (145.85±28.40), and (89.41±24.57), respectively. CIRS scores were positively correlated with HPLP-Ⅱ scores and CSSD scores ( P<0.05), and HPLP-Ⅱ scores were positively correlated with CSSD scores ( P<0.05), with statistically significant differences. Mediating effect analysis showed that health promotion behaviors had a direct positive effect on disease control ( P=0.001), and chronic disease resource utilization had a partial mediating effect between health promotion behaviors and disease control ( P=0.001), with statistically significant differences and mediating effect accounting for 26.88% of the total effect (0.157/0.584) . Conclusions:Chronic disease resource utilization, health promotion behaviors, and disease control among T2DM patients are suboptimal, and there is room for improvement. Chronic disease resource utilization has a partial mediating effect between health promotion behaviors and disease control, which may guide clinical nursing practice.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of chronic disease resource utilization between health promotion behaviors and disease control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) .Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select T2DM patients who attended the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2023 to October 2024 for the study. The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, Chronic Illness Resources Survey (CIRS), Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ), and Control Status Scale for Diabetes (CSSD). Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between chronic disease resource utilization, health promotion behaviors, and disease control. Structural equation modeling and mediating effect validation were performed using AMOS 21.0.Results:A total of 310 questionnaires were distributed, 292 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 94.19%. The CIRS, HPLP-Ⅱ, and CSSD scores of 292 patients were (53.45±12.83), (145.85±28.40), and (89.41±24.57), respectively. CIRS scores were positively correlated with HPLP-Ⅱ scores and CSSD scores ( P<0.05), and HPLP-Ⅱ scores were positively correlated with CSSD scores ( P<0.05), with statistically significant differences. Mediating effect analysis showed that health promotion behaviors had a direct positive effect on disease control ( P=0.001), and chronic disease resource utilization had a partial mediating effect between health promotion behaviors and disease control ( P=0.001), with statistically significant differences and mediating effect accounting for 26.88% of the total effect (0.157/0.584) . Conclusions:Chronic disease resource utilization, health promotion behaviors, and disease control among T2DM patients are suboptimal, and there is room for improvement. Chronic disease resource utilization has a partial mediating effect between health promotion behaviors and disease control, which may guide clinical nursing practice.

In vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea is a non-invasive, rapid, and comprehensive technique for real-time, dynamic observation of all layers of the cornea. Confocal microscopy allows the examination of the morphology and cell density in the different layers of the cornea through direct visualization. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, ocular complications have become common and have garnered more interest and in-depth research from clinical and scientific communities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress made using in vivo confocal microscopy to observe various layers of cornea tissue in diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND:Autoimmune regulator gene(Aire)and Wnt signaling pathway play an important role in the maintenance and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency.However,whether the Wnt signal and Aire are involved in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to thymic epithelial progenitor cells remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship of the Wnt signaling pathway and Aire with the differentiation of embryonic stem cells. METHODS:A two-step differentiation method was used to induce mouse embryonic stem cells to differentiate into endoderm and then into thymic epithelial progenitor cells.Mouse embryonic stem cells were infected with Aire shRNA lentivirus,and monoclonal stable strains were screened by puromycin.Mouse embryonic stem cells were collected on days 0,3 and 10 of the directed induction of differentiation after the induced differentiation by the two-step differentiation method.Cellular immunofluorescence,flow cytometry,western blot assay,and real-time qPCR were used to detect the expression changes of related genes and proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Immunofluorescence staining showed positive expression of SSEA1 and OCT4 on day 0 of targeted induction of differentiation.(2)Immunofluorescence staining showed double-positive expression of SOX17 and FOXA2 on day 3 of targeted induction of differentiation.(3)Flow cytometry results showed positive expression of EPCAM1,K5 and K8 on day 10 of targeted induction of differentiation.(4)Compared with undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells,the expressions of Wnt7a,β-catenin,and Gsk-3β proteins were elevated,and the expression level of Aire protein was decreased in induced differentiated thymic epithelial progenitor cells.(5)Compared with undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells,the expressions of Wnt7a,β-catenin,Gsk-3β and Aire mRNA were elevated in thymic epithelial progenitor cells.(6)Compared with normal cultured mouse embryonic stem cells and their ultimately differentiated thymic epithelial progenitor cells,the expression levels of Wnt7a,β-catenin and Gsk-3β proteins were reduced in mouse embryonic stem cells with knockdown of Aire genes and their final differentiated thymic epithelial progenitor cells.In conclusion,the Wnt signaling pathway and Aire are jointly involved in the process of targeted induction of differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into mouse thymic epithelial progenitor cells.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Baicalein in the treatment of hyperuricemia.Methods The mouse model of hyperuricemia was established by yeast extract combined with potassium oxazinate.The effect and potential mechanism of Baicalein in the treatment of hyperuricemia were studied by biochemical indexes,pathological changes,non-target metabonomics and network pharmacology.Results Baicalein could reduce the contents of serum uric acid,creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,reduce the inflammatory injury of renal tissue,up-regulate the expression level of uric acid excretion protein and down-regulate the expression level of uric acid reabsorption protein.Nine disease-related targets such as BCL2,SIRT1 and XDH were screened by network pharmacology.Six key metabolic pathways including nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism,caffeine metabolism and purine metabolism were screened by metabonomics analysis.Conclusions Baicalein can treat hyperuricemia and reduce renal injury,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolic pathways of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide regulated by SIRT1 and quinolinate.

Objective:To investigate the difference of condylar bone density,volume and surface area in adult female patients with different vertical skeletal features of skeletal Class Ⅱ.Methods:This study was a retrospective case-control study.150 female patients aged 18-30 years were included as the subjects.Lateral cephalic radiographs were measured and the cases with high angle,average an-gle and low angle of skeletal Class Ⅱ were included and respectively grouped(n=50),the CBCT images were collected,the condyles were reconstructed by Mimics Reseach 20.0 software,the bone density,volume and surface area of the condyles were measured.Univa-riate analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to compare the difference of condyle measurements among the 3 groups.Results:The overall difference of condylar bone density,volume and surface area among the 3 groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Pair-wise comparison showed that the condyle bone mineral density in high angle group was lower than that in average angle group(P＜0.05),in average angle group was lower than that in low angle group(P＜0.05),in high angle group was lower than that in low angle group(P＜0.001).Condyle volume and surface area in high angle group were lower than those in low angle group(P＜0.05),in aver-age angle group was lower than those in low angle group(P＜0.001),in high angle group was lower than those in average angle group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The condyle bone density,volume and surface area of the different vertical skeletal features of skeletal class Ⅱ in adult female patients are different.