Objective:To evaluate the lung ultrasound characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children and to investigate the value of lung ultrasound monitoring in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 62 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia admitted to Xi'an Chest Hospital from 7 November to 30 November 2023 was performed，and the characteristic parameters of bedside lung ultrasound and their related clinical data were collected. Pathological lung ultrasound features such as interrupted pleural line，well-spaced B-lines，coalescent B-lines，small subpleural patchy pulmonary consolidation，large pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion in 12 scan areas of both lungs were observed. The maximum upper and lower diameters，right and left diameters，and anterior and posterior diameters of the large pulmonary consolidations were measured，and the changes in the above signs before and after treatment were measured and compared.Results:In sixty-two children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia，including 32 males and 30 females，with a mean age of（8.18 ± 2.05）years old and a mean hospital stay of（8.79 ± 2.93）days，lung ultrasound showed interrupted pleural line，well-spaced B-lines，coalescent B-lines，small subpleural patchy pulmonary consolidation，large pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion，with the incidence of 93.5%（58 /62），33.9%（21/62），32.3%（20/62），59.7%（37/62），66.1%（41/62）and 17.7%（11/62），respectively，in which the large pulmonary consolidations presented rich blood supply were more common in the L6 and L4 areas，while the pleural effusions were more common in the L6 area.The signs of interrupted pleural line，coalescent B-lines，large pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion were significantly improved after treatment compared with before treatment（all P<0.05）. The upper and lower diameters，left and right diameters，and anterior and posterior diameters of large pulmonary consolidations were significantly reduced after treatment compared with before treatment［（4.19 ± 2.42）cm vs.（2.84 ± 2.31）cm， t=2.613， P=0.011；（2.80 ± 1.82）cm vs.（1.96 ± 1.62）cm， t=2.226， P=0.029；（3.41 ± 2.11）cm vs.（2.12 ± 1.82）cm， t=2.972， P=0.004］.With the process of treatment，the dynamic observation of lung ultrasound showed that the well-spaced B-lines/coalescent B-lines gradually decreased until they completely disappeared or a small number of B-lines remained，and the area of the large pulmonary consolidation showed a dynamic downward trend（all P<0.001），and the area of large pulmonary consolidations gradually decreased until they completely disappeared or only small subpleural patchy pulmonary consolidations and well-spaced/coalescent B-lines remained，and at the same time，the pleural effusion gradually absorbed until it disappeared. Conclusions:Lung ultrasound can detect the distribution area of lung lesions，morphology and blood supply characteristics of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia，as well as the dynamic changes after treatment，and lung ultrasound can dynamically monitor and evaluate the progression and regression of the disease in real time，providing a reliable imaging evidence for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021,and provide evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Data of H.influenzae and M.catarrhalis strains isolated from 2015 to 2021 in CHINET program were collected for analysis,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method or automated systems according to the uniform protocol of CHINET.The results were interpreted according to the CLSI breakpoints in 2022.Beta-lactamases was detected by using nitrocefin disk.Results From 2015 to 2021,a total of 43 642 strains of Haemophilus species were isolated,accounting for 2.91％of the total clinical isolates and 4.07％of Gram-negative bacteria in CHINET program.Among the 40 437 strains of H.influenzae,66.89％were isolated from children and 33.11％were isolated from adults.More than 90％of the H.influenzae strains were isolated from respiratory tract specimens.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 53.79％in H.influenzae strains.The H.influenzae strains isolated from children showed higher resistance rate than the strains isolated from adults.Overall,779 strains of H.influenzae did not produce β-lactamase but were resistant to ampicillin(BLNAR).Beta-lactamase-producing strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to these antimicrobial agents than the β-lactamase-nonproducing strains.Of the 16 191 M.catarrhalis strains,80.06％were isolated from children and 19.94％isolated from adults.M.catarrhalis strains were mostly susceptible to both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefuroxime,evidenced by resistance rate lower than 2.0％.Conclusions The emergence of antibiotic-resistant H.influenzae due to β-lactamase production poses a challenge for clinical anti-infective treatment.Therefore,it is very important to implement antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae and guide rational antibiotic use.All local clinical microbiology laboratories should actively improve antibiotic susceptibility testing and strengthen antibiotic resistance surveillance for H.influenzae.

OBJECTIVE To detect the phenotypes and genotypes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)strains and understand the drug resistance phenotypes and molecular characteristics of the CRE strains.METHODS Totally 85 strains of CRE were isolated and restored in microbiology lab of Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from Jan.2019 to Aug.2023.The phenotypes of carbapenemases were detected by means of carbapenemase inhibitor enhancement test,the genotypes of carbapenemases were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and the sequence type(ST)was further analyzed by multilocus sequence typing(MLST).RESULTS Among the 85 strains of CRE that were detected for phenotypes,54 strains carried serinase(type A carbapenemase),23 strains carried metalloenzyme(type B carbapenemase),5 strains produced both type A and type B carbapenemase,and 3 strains produced neither the type A and/or type B carbapenemase.Totally 5 common genotypes of carbapenemases were amplified for 73 strains of CRE,the detection rate of blaKPC was highest,fol-lowed by blaNDM;the drug resistance genes blaIMP,blaVIM and blaOXA-48 were not detected.The 51 strains of car-bapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)were classified into 7 types of ST in total,which were as fol-lows:ST1,ST11,ST15,ST23,ST34,ST690,ST4862.CONCLUSIONS The isolation rate of CRKP is highest among the CRE strains,and ST11 is the most prevalent strain.Serinase is the most common drug resistance phe-notype,and KPC type carbapenemase is the predominant drug resistance genotype.

OBJECTIVE To detect the phenotypes and genotypes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)strains and understand the drug resistance phenotypes and molecular characteristics of the CRE strains.METHODS Totally 85 strains of CRE were isolated and restored in microbiology lab of Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from Jan.2019 to Aug.2023.The phenotypes of carbapenemases were detected by means of carbapenemase inhibitor enhancement test,the genotypes of carbapenemases were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and the sequence type(ST)was further analyzed by multilocus sequence typing(MLST).RESULTS Among the 85 strains of CRE that were detected for phenotypes,54 strains carried serinase(type A carbapenemase),23 strains carried metalloenzyme(type B carbapenemase),5 strains produced both type A and type B carbapenemase,and 3 strains produced neither the type A and/or type B carbapenemase.Totally 5 common genotypes of carbapenemases were amplified for 73 strains of CRE,the detection rate of blaKPC was highest,fol-lowed by blaNDM;the drug resistance genes blaIMP,blaVIM and blaOXA-48 were not detected.The 51 strains of car-bapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)were classified into 7 types of ST in total,which were as fol-lows:ST1,ST11,ST15,ST23,ST34,ST690,ST4862.CONCLUSIONS The isolation rate of CRKP is highest among the CRE strains,and ST11 is the most prevalent strain.Serinase is the most common drug resistance phe-notype,and KPC type carbapenemase is the predominant drug resistance genotype.

Objective:To evaluate the lung ultrasound characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children and to investigate the value of lung ultrasound monitoring in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 62 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia admitted to Xi'an Chest Hospital from 7 November to 30 November 2023 was performed，and the characteristic parameters of bedside lung ultrasound and their related clinical data were collected. Pathological lung ultrasound features such as interrupted pleural line，well-spaced B-lines，coalescent B-lines，small subpleural patchy pulmonary consolidation，large pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion in 12 scan areas of both lungs were observed. The maximum upper and lower diameters，right and left diameters，and anterior and posterior diameters of the large pulmonary consolidations were measured，and the changes in the above signs before and after treatment were measured and compared.Results:In sixty-two children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia，including 32 males and 30 females，with a mean age of（8.18 ± 2.05）years old and a mean hospital stay of（8.79 ± 2.93）days，lung ultrasound showed interrupted pleural line，well-spaced B-lines，coalescent B-lines，small subpleural patchy pulmonary consolidation，large pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion，with the incidence of 93.5%（58 /62），33.9%（21/62），32.3%（20/62），59.7%（37/62），66.1%（41/62）and 17.7%（11/62），respectively，in which the large pulmonary consolidations presented rich blood supply were more common in the L6 and L4 areas，while the pleural effusions were more common in the L6 area.The signs of interrupted pleural line，coalescent B-lines，large pulmonary consolidation and pleural effusion were significantly improved after treatment compared with before treatment（all P<0.05）. The upper and lower diameters，left and right diameters，and anterior and posterior diameters of large pulmonary consolidations were significantly reduced after treatment compared with before treatment［（4.19 ± 2.42）cm vs.（2.84 ± 2.31）cm， t=2.613， P=0.011；（2.80 ± 1.82）cm vs.（1.96 ± 1.62）cm， t=2.226， P=0.029；（3.41 ± 2.11）cm vs.（2.12 ± 1.82）cm， t=2.972， P=0.004］.With the process of treatment，the dynamic observation of lung ultrasound showed that the well-spaced B-lines/coalescent B-lines gradually decreased until they completely disappeared or a small number of B-lines remained，and the area of the large pulmonary consolidation showed a dynamic downward trend（all P<0.001），and the area of large pulmonary consolidations gradually decreased until they completely disappeared or only small subpleural patchy pulmonary consolidations and well-spaced/coalescent B-lines remained，and at the same time，the pleural effusion gradually absorbed until it disappeared. Conclusions:Lung ultrasound can detect the distribution area of lung lesions，morphology and blood supply characteristics of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia，as well as the dynamic changes after treatment，and lung ultrasound can dynamically monitor and evaluate the progression and regression of the disease in real time，providing a reliable imaging evidence for clinical practice.

Plasmodium falciparum malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection, is an Anopheles mosquito-transmitted infectious diseases, which predominantly occurs in tropical areas of Africa. P. falciparum malaria is characterized by complex and atypical clinical manifestations, and high likelihood of misdiagnosis and missing diagnosis, and may be life-threatening if treated untimely. This case report presents the diagnosis and treatment of a P. falciparum malaria case with acute abdominal pain as the first symptom.

Objective:To seek any relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene and blood lipid sensitivity to high-intensity interval training (HIIT).Methods:Two hundred and thirty Han Chinese college students (104 males and 126 females) who were not majoring in sports were recruited to perform a 28-minute high-intensity interval workout three times per week for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, blood levels of triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) were measured. The subjects′ DNA was genotyped to obtain SNP loci, and a linear regression model was constructed to quantify any association between ApoE genotypes and phenotypes.Results:(1) A total of 21 SNP loci were identified associated with ApoE genes, one of which (rs7412) was found to be correlated with the training effect on blood lipids. (2) The initial TT and LDL-C values of carriers of the T allele of gene rs7412 (individuals with the CT + TT genotypes) were, on average, significantly lower than those of CC genotype individuals. However, no significant differences in the initial TG and HDL-C values among different genotypes were observed. (3) After the training the average LDL-C levels among the ApoE rs7412 polymorphic groups had changed significantly, with a significantly greater decrease observed among the carriers of the T allele compared with those of CC genotype.Conclusions:ApoE polymorphism may be significantly associated with TT and LDL-C values in Han Chinese youth, with carriers of the T allele tending to display lower levels than those of CC genotype. The polymorphism of ApoE gene rs7412 may be related to LDL-C reduction through HIIT, with carriers of the T allele more sensitive to such training.

Abstract Fear of missing out is an emerging type of anxiety disorder in the context of the Internet and has showed significant impacts on physical and mental health of college students. The review provides an overview on the connotation, extension, and adverse effects, as well as potential underlying mechanisms of fear of missing out in mobile social media among college students, which aims to highlight future attention, as well as prevention and intervention reference on fear of missing out in college students.

Activity-based protein profiling(ABPP)and affinity-based protein profiling(AfBPP)are reliable chemical proteomics techniques that exhibit significant advantages in identifying the direct acting targets of small molecule drugs and toxicants,which can help researchers understand the pharmaco-logical and toxicological mechanisms of active small molecules.This paper introduces ABPP and AfBPP technologies and summarizes the applications of this technique in drug off-target effect and target iden-tification of toxicants in recent years,such as drug off-target effect of crenolanib,BIA 10-2474,orlistat and target identification of VX,fenitrothion,acrolein.It is hoped that this review will give readers a better idea of ABPP/AfBPP and offer a line of thinking for researchers in the fields of pharmacology,toxicology and chemical biology.