Objective:To perform adenovirus detection and genetic evolutionary analysis on specimens from a fever outbreak in Kunming city.Methods:Pharyngeal swabs from typical febrile patients were collected and tested for nucleic acids of 30 common respiratory pathogens using TaqMan Array Card technology. The full-length sequences of three important genes of adenovirus, Penton base, Hexon and Fiber, were amplified, sequenced and typed using Nanopore high-throughput sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed. Molecular variations and genetic evolution of the three genes were analyzed.Results:Five specimens were collected and all of them tested positive for adenovirus and Haemophilus influenzae. The sequences of the full-length coding regions of the Penton base, Hexon and Fiber genes were obtained by Nanopore sequencing. The homology of the three gene sequences in the five specimens was 100.0%, 99.9%-100.0% and 100.0% in nucleotide sequences, and 100.0% in amino acid sequences. The three genes in the specimens had the highest homology with those of the reference strain of human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV3, accession number: AY599834) in nucleotide sequences, which was 98.6%, 98.7% and 98.9%, respectively. Results of the phylogenetic analysis of the three genes were basically consistent. These Kunming strains were clustered into an independent clade with the reference HAdV3 strain and had a distant relationship with the strains isolated in foreign countries and Taiwan, China in the early years. They were closely related to the domestic and foreign strains in recent years and highly homologous to the 2019 Japanese strain (accession: LC703523) and the Guangzhou strain (accession: MZ540961). Compared with the reference strain, these Kunming strains had five amino acid variations in Penton base, 10 in Hexon and 11 in Fiber. Conclusions:All of the adenovirus strains isolated in this outbreak belong to P3H3F3 type based on the full-length sequences of Penton base, Hexon and Fiber genes. They share high homology with the domestic and foreign HAdV3 strains, including the reference strain. Compared with the reference strain, several amino acid mutations are identified in these Kunming strains, and most of them are in the high variability region or functional regions. M7L in the Hexon protein is an unique amino acid mutation site of Kunming strains.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-precision transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) in prospective memory (PM) deficits in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:A total of 38 schizophrenia patients with PM deficits admitted to Outpatient Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2022 to March 2023 were included and divided into true stimulus group ( n=19) and pseudo-stimulus group ( n=19) by random envelope method. Two mA stimulation current intensity with duration of 20 min was given to the true stimulus group, and same stimulation current intensity with duration of 40 s was given to the pseudo-stimulus group twice daily for 5 d. PM function was assessed by Cued Unfocused Laboratory Prospective Memory Task before and 1 week after stimulation, cognitive function and severity of clinical symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and Chinese version of MATRICS consensus cognition test (MCCB). Safety was assessed by tDCS adverse reaction questionnaire at the end of stimulation. Results:The time (before and 1 week after stimulation) and group interactions of PM trial accuracy and PM trial response time between the two groups were not significantly different ( P>0.05). Compared with that before stimulation, the PM trial accuracy 1 week after stimulation was significantly improved in the true stimulus group ([0.38±0.22] % vs. [0.57±0.28] %, P<0.05). No significant difference in PM trial accuracy ([0.56±0.25] % vs. [0.67±0.25] %) or PM trial response time ([2 216.46±570.03] ms vs. [2 059.59±378.41] ms) between before and 1 week after stimulation was noted in the pseudo-stimulus group ( P>0.05). In terms of severity of clinical symptoms and cognitive function, no significant difference in PANSS or MCCB scores were noted between the true stimulus group and pseudo-stimulus group 1 week after treatment ( P>0.05); no significant difference was noted between the two groups in time (before and 1 week after stimulation) and group interaction of all indexes ( P>0.05). In terms of adverse reactions, compared with the pseudo-stimulus group, the true stimulus group had significantly higher score of "skin redness" ( P<0.05); no significant differences in scores of other adverse reactions were noted between the two groups ( P>0.05). No serious adverse events occurred in all patients. Conclusion:In this study, no positive results have been found in improving PM deficits in patients with schizophrenia with high-precision tDCS targeting aPFC, but existing results suggest an improved trend, which can provide preliminary evidence for subsequent large-sample clinical trials to improve PM deficits in schizophrenia.

Cognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia, and there is no recognized effective treatment for it. Current studies have found that treatment targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) can improve cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. This article reviewed the research progress of NMDAR-related modulators in improving cognitive impairment of schizophrenia, summarized the application of D-serine, glycine, D-cycloserine, memantine, etc., and discussed the current research deficiencies and future research directions .

Cognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia, and there is no recognized effective treatment for it. Current studies have found that treatment targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) can improve cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. This article reviewed the research progress of NMDAR-related modulators in improving cognitive impairment of schizophrenia, summarized the application of D-serine, glycine, D-cycloserine, memantine, etc., and discussed the current research deficiencies and future research directions .

Objective:To explore the impact of cognitive function and childhood trauma in individuals with clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR).Methods:From June 2017 to September 2022, a total of 62 individuals with CHR(CHR group) were screened by structured interviews with psychiatric risk syndrome (SIPS) at Beijing Anding Hospital, and 61 healthy controls(healthy control group) matched in gender, age, and educational years were recruited. All participants were evaluated by the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and the Chinese version of the MATRICS consensus cognitive test battery (MCCB). Differences in cognitive function and childhood trauma between the two groups were compared by R4.1.1 software, and the correlation between cognitive function and childhood trauma in the CHR group was analyzed.Results:The scores of MCCB composite score (41.46±6.97), information processing speed (40.20±8.40), attention vigilance (40.92±11.00), working memory (41.09±9.97), verbal learning, and visual learning of CHR group were significantly lower than those of healthy controls(MCCB composite score(46.26±7.64), information processing speed(45.83±8.36), attention vigilance(46.30±9.57), working memory(46.18±8.49)), and with statistically significant differences ( t=-3.73--2.03, P<0.05). The total CTQ score, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect factor scores of the CHR group (40.0 (36.0, 50.8), 7.5 (6.0, 10.0), 5.0 (5.0, 7.0), 9.0 (7.0, 11.0)) were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group (34.0 (31.0, 40.0), 6.0 (5.0, 8.0), 5.0 (5.0, 6.0), 9.0 (6.0, 10.0) ) ( Z=-4.07--2.06, P<0.05). In the CHR group, the total score of childhood trauma and the score of physical abuse factors were negatively correlated with working memory ( r=-0.29, -0.28, P<0.05), and the total score of cognitive function, attention vigilance, and word learning were negatively correlated with physical neglect ( r=-0.28, -0.26, -0.31, P<0.05). After partial correlation analysis using gender, age, years of education, and total SIPS score as covariates, the aforementioned correlation remained significant. Conclusion:CHR individuals have multiple cognitive deficits, and childhood trauma is more serious. Childhood trauma, especially physical trauma, may affect the cognitive function of CHR individuals.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and risk factors of pediatric fracture in school-age children and adolescents in Beijing.Methods:A total of 12 056 students with complete fracture data of 2017 baseline survey and 2019 follow-up survey of School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health (SCVBH) Promotion Program in Beijing were selected as study subjects. Logistic regression model was used to analyze associations of fracture incidence with age, BMI, fracture history and lifestyle.Results:The 2-year accumulative incidence rate of pediatric fracture was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.8%-3.4%) in school-age children and adolescents in Beijing, which was much higher in boys (4.1%) than in girls (2.1%) and increased with age in boys but decreased with age in girls. Fractures mainly occurred at upper-limb (69.0%), no gender and age specific significant in fracture sites were observed. Fracture history was the risk factor for fracture incidence in both boys and girls (boys: RR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.18-2.64; girls: RR=3.11, 95% CI: 1.74-5.13). In addition, higher duration and frequency of moderate to vigorous physical activities (≥120 min/day) and frequent consumption of sugar sweetened beverage (≥1 time/week) were also found to increase fracture risk in boys. Conclusion:The incidence of pediatric fracture was associated with gender, age, fracture history and lifestyle habits in school-age children and adolescents in Beijing. Targeted strategies are needed to prevent childhood fracture.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of consonant among children with speech sound disorder (SSD) and to provide an empirical basis for the subsequent clinical evaluation and evidence-based intervention.Methods:In this retrospective research a total of 1 395 children diagnosed with SSD from the Language-Speech Clinic of the Department of Children Health Care, Children′s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2007 to December 2018 were enrolled and underwent the phonological examination on the lexical level with picture naming, according to phoneme development in Chinese mandarin. The Chi-square trend test was applied to analyze the differences and trends of the proportion of consonant error subtypes in children of different age groups. The Chi-square test was conducted to compare the proportion of consonant error subtypes in different gender.Results:The 1 395 children diagnosed with SSD included 1 044 boys and 351 girls, with an age of (5.1±0.8) years. The occurrence of consonant errors in different locations of articulation was the highest for blade-alveolar /l/ (71.8%, 1 002/1 395) and the lowest for labial/b/(9.3%, 130/1 395). The occurrence of consonant errors of labial/p/f/, supra-dental/z/c/s/, blade-alveolar/t/l/, blade-palatal/ch/r/, velar/k/h/, and lingua-palatal/q/decreased with age (all P<0.05). The occurrence of consonant errors of labial/b/m/, supra-dental/z/c/, blade-alveolar/n/l/, blade-palatal/sh/, velar/h/, and lingua-palatal/x/were higher in boys than those in girls (10.3% (108/1 044) vs. 6.3% (22/351), 11.4% (119/1 044) vs. 6.0% (21/351), 64.8% (676/1 044) vs. 51.9% (182/351), 67.8% (708/1 044) vs. 59.8% (210/351), 16.7% (174/1 044) vs. 8.8% (31/351), 73.7% (769/1 044) vs. 66.1% (232/351), 58.0% (606/1 044) vs. 47.6% (167/351), 24.0% (251/1 044) vs. 14.2% (50/351), and 39.9% (417/1 044) vs. 27.6% (97/351); χ2 =5.167, 8.533, 16.889, 7.447, 12.863, 7.412, 11.650, 14.900, and 17.099, all P<0.05). The error types of consonant were substitution, omission, and distortion. Omission was the main error type of blade-alveolar/l/(53.3%, 743/1 395), distortion was the main error type of velar/h/(11.8%, 165/1 395), and substitution was the main error type of all other consonants. Substitution with blade-palatal/ch/having the highest occurrence of error (60.2%, 840/1 395). Conclusions:The occurrence of the blade-alveolar/l/error is the highest in children with SSD, with boys demonstrating more serious articulation problems. The main error type of consonant is substitution, with blade-palatal/ch/having the highest occurrence of error. These results suggest the necessity of attending to preschoolers′ articulation development. Phonological training targeting blade-alveolar/l/and blade-palatal/ch/should be carried out as early as possible.

Studying the ability of the brain to recognize different odors is of great significance in the assessment and diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction. The wavelet energy moment (WEM) was proposed as a feature of olfactory electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and used for odor classification. Firstly, the olfactory evoked EEG data of 13 odors were collected by an experiment. Secondly, the WEM was extracted from olfactory evoked EEG data as the signal feature, and the power spectrum density (PSD), approximate entropy, sample entropy and wavelet entropy were used as the contrast features. Finally, -nearest neighbor ( -NN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and decision tree classifier were used to identify different odors. The results showed that using the above four classifiers, the classification accuracy of WEM feature was higher than other features, and the -NN classifier combined with WEM feature had the highest classification accuracy (91.07%). This paper further explored the characteristics of different EEG frequency bands, and found that most of the classification accuracy based on the features of γ band was better than that of the full band and other bands, among which the WEM feature of the γ band combined with the -NN classifier had the highest classification accuracy (93.89 %). The research results of this paper could provide a new objective basis for the evaluation of olfactory function. On the other hand, it could also provide new ideas for the study of olfactory-induced emotions.

Objective:To explore the screening effect of obesity assessed by body fat indicators on persistent dyslipidemia among children.Methods:Data were obtained from the baseline and follow-up survey of 'School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program.’ BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat mass percentage (FMP) were used to define obesity. Dyslipidemia, diagnosed both in the baseline and a follow-up survey, was defined as persistent dyslipidemia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare the predictive capabilities of obesity defined by different indicators on persistent dyslipidemia.Results:A total of 10 783 children (boys accounted for 49.6%) were included in the analysis, with the average age as (10.9±3.3) years old. The detection rates of persistent high TC, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, high TG, and high non-HDL-C were 1.3%, 1.2%, 4.3%, 1.3%, and 0.8%, respectively. In boys, the capabilities of FMI- and FMP-defined obesity in the prediction of persistent high LDL-C [FMI: AUC=0.626 (95 %CI: 0.558-0.694), P=0.024; FMP: AUC=0.642 (95 %CI: 0.574-0.710), P=0.004] and high non-HDL-C [FMI: AUC=0.637 (95 %CI: 0.584-0.689), P=0.017; FMP: AUC=0.641 (95 %CI: 0.588- 0.693), P=0.018] were significantly higher than BMI-defined obesity. Besides, obese boys defined by FMI had the stronger capability in predicting persistent low HDL-C than that defined by BMI [AUC=0.784 (95 %CI: 0.742-0.826) vs. 0.750 (95 %CI: 0.726-0.773), P=0.047]. In girls, the capabilities of FMI- and FMP-defined obesity in the prediction of persistent dyslipidemia were not statistically different from BMI. Conclusions:The obesity assessed by body fat performed better in predicting persistent high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and high non-HDL-C than that assessed by BMI among boys, which can be further applied to cardiovascular disease prevention.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of oral candidiasis (OC) in in-patients with rheumatism, in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of OC in rheumatism patients. Methods: One thousand eight hundred and eight in-patients were recruited in the Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2017 to December 2017. The patients included 607 males and 1 201 females. Their average age was (49.5±15.5) years old with a ranging from 14 to 81 years. According to occurrence of OC or not, the patients were divided into OC group and non-OC group. The differences of general data, primary diseases, laboratory examinations, usage of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant therapy were compared between the two groups, and the risk factors of OC occurrence were analyzed. Results: Two hundred and sixty-nine patients had OC and 1 539 patients had no OC. Age [(54.9±14.7) years], duration of illness [(9.4±4.4) years] and hospital stay [(15.3±5.7) d] in OC group were significantly longer than those in non-OC group. OC incidence in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) [17.40% (193/1 109)] was higher than that in non-CTD patients [10.87% (75/699)] (P<0.001). OC most likely occurred in patients with such CTD as Sjögren syndrome (SS) and Behcet syndrome. OC incidence in non-CTD patients with osteoarthritis (OA) was highest. The salivary flow rate in OC group [(0.65±0.45) ml/min] was significantly lower than that in non-OC group [(0.78± 0.39) ml/min] (t=2.394, P=0.017). There was no statistical differences in other laboratory examinations between the two groups, including white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte, platelet count, liver function, renal function, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, C₃, C₄ and so on. OC incidence in patients using prednisone≥15 mg/d [17.16% (133/775)] was higher than that in patients using prednisone<15 mg/d [12.53% (94/750)] and patients not using prednisone [14.84% (42/283)] (P<0.05). The incidence of OC in patients with immunosuppressant therapy [16.11% (226/1 403)] was statistically higher than that in non-immunosuppressant patients [10.62% (43/405)] (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of OC occurrence included primary diseases (P<0.001), age (P<0.001), duration of illness (P=0.001) and duration of hospitalization (P=0.002). Conclusions OC occurred commonly in rheumatism in-patients, especially in elder patients, patients with long duration of illness and hospital stay. OC incidence in CTD patients is significantly higher than that in non-CTD patients. Glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant therapy might significantly reduce the anti-fungal immunity of the patients.