ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Dihuang Yinzi on the cognitive function in the mouse model of learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine （SCOP） and explore the treatment mechanism. MethodsA mouse model of learning and memory impairment was induced by intraperitoneal injection of SCOP. Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into six groups： control （0.9% NaCl， n=10）， model （SCOP 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， n=10）， low-， medium-， and high-dose Dihuang Yinzi （SCOP 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 + Dihuang Yinzi 5.5， 11.0， and 22.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1， n=10）， and donepezil （SCOP 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 + donepezil 0.84 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， n=10）. Mice were administrated with corresponding drugs for 6 weeks. Modeling started in the 4th week， and mice in other groups except the control group were injected with SCOP intraperitoneally 40 min after daily gavage. Behavioral testing began in the 5th week， 30 min after modeling each day. The Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were carried out to evaluate the spatial learning and memory function of mice. Nissl staining was employed to observe the survival of neurons and Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA1 region. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of silent information regulator 2 （SIRT2）， α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid （AMPA） receptor 1 （GluA1）， protein kinase A （PKA）， cAMP response element-binding protein （CREB）， phosphorylated-CREB （p-CREB）， postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD95）， growth-associated protein-43 （GAP-43）， and synaptophysin （SYN） in the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of doublecortin （DCX） in the hippocampal dentate gyrus （DG） region. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed impaired learning and memory （P<0.01）， obvious neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region， a reduction in neuron survival （P<0.01）， a decrease in DCX expression in the hippocampal DG region （P<0.01）， down-regulated proteins levels of GluA1， PKA， p-CREB/CREB， PSD95， SYN， and GAP-43 in the hippocampal tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and an up-regulated protein level of SIRT2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the medium- and high-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups and the donepezil group showed improvements in learning and memory （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the low-， medium-， and high-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups and the donepezil group had increased neuron survival （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium-dose Dihuang Yinzi group and the donepezil group showed increased DCX expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium- and high-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups and the donepezil group showed up-regulation in the protein levels of GluA1， PKA， p-CREB/CREB， PSD95， SYN， and GAP-43 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulation in the protein level of SIRT2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionDihuang Yinzi can improve the cognitive function in the mouse model of learning and memory impairments induced by SCOP by inhibiting the upregulation of SIRT2， activating the PKA/CREB signaling pathway， improving synaptic plasticity， and reducing hippocampal neuronal damage.

Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely known atmospheric pollutants, which can cause serious harm to human body and ecological environment. Objective To analyze the concentrations and sources of PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Zhifu District and Longkou City during the heating period in Yantai. Methods Two monitoring sites in Zhifu District and Longkou City of Yantai were selected, and PM_2.5 sample collection was carried out from April 2023 to March 2024. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to analyze the concentrations of PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 during the heating period (from November 2023 to March 2024) and the non-heating period (from April to October 2023). The concentrations of PAHs in the two periods were compared and the sources of PAHs during the heating period were analyzed by characteristic ratio method. Results During the heating period, the total concentration ranges of PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 at the monitoring sites in Zhifu District and Longkou City of Yantai were (1.59-23.70) ng·m⁻³ and (2.08-149.72) ng·m⁻³ respectively, and the medians (M) and the 25th and 75th percentiles (P₂₅, P₇₅) were 4.99 (2.61, 8.09) ng·m⁻³ and 15.46 (8.15, 29.05) ng·m⁻³ respectively. The PAHs concentrations in Longkou City were significantly higher than those in Zhifu District in all months (P<0.05). The highest median total concentrations of PAHs in both sites were reported in January (8.14 ng·m⁻³ and 81.56 ng·m⁻³ respectively). In the non-heating period, the M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of the total PAHs concentrations at the two sites were 1.59 (1.59, 2.78) ng·m⁻³ and 4.11 (2.94, 7.97) ng·m⁻³ respectively, much lower than those in the heating period (P<0.01). The order of composition of PAHs by ring number in PM_2.5 at both sites was 4-ring> 5-ring> 6-ring, with the 4-ring contributing the largest proportion (65.33% and 46.39% respectively). Fluoranthene had the highest concentration among PAHs at both sites, with concentrations M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of 1.29 (0.51, 1.78) ng·m⁻³ and 2.32 (1.30, 3.82) ng·m⁻³ respectively. The characteristic ratios of fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene), fluoranthene/pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene/(benzo[a]anthracene + chrysene), pyrene/benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene/(benzo[a]pyrene + chrysene), benzo[a]pyrene/benzo[g,h,i]pyrene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene + benzo[g,h,i]pyrene) in Zhifu District were 0.62, 1.65, 0.41, 4.48, 0.50, 0.93 and 0.47 respectively, and those in Longkou were 0.57, 1.35, 0.40, 2.89, 0.29, 0.79 and 0.47 respectively. The results showed that PAHs pollutants were generated by combination of coal combustion, vehicle exhaust emissions and gasoline combustion. Conclusion During the heating period in Yantai area, the total concentration of PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 is significantly higher than that in the non-heating period. Among them, during the heating period, the pollution level in Longkou City is significantly higher than that in Zhifu District. The local PAHs may be sourced from mixed pollution, and the main sources include gasoline, and coal combustion and vehicle exhaust emissions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of Tongxinluo capsules on the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in rats. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into rivaroxaban alone group （2.70 mg/kg）， low-dose Tongxinluo capsules combined with rivaroxaban group （Tongxinluo capsules 0.28 g/kg+rivaroxaban 2.70 mg/kg）， and high-dose Tongxinluo capsules combined with rivaroxaban group （Tongxinluo capsules 0.84 g/kg+rivaroxaban 2.70 mg/kg）， with five rats in each group. Following seven consecutive days of gavage with normal saline or the corresponding doses of Tongxinluo capsules， the rats were subjected to a final gavage administration of rivaroxaban. Blood samples were collected at 0 h prior to the final administration and at 0.16， 0.33， 0.50， 0.75， 1， 1.5， 2， 4， 8， 12 and 24 h post-final administration. The plasma concentration of rivaroxaban in rats was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters [peak concentration （cmax）， half-life （t1/2）， area under the drug concentration time curve （AUC）， mean residence time （MRT）， clearance （CL）， apparent volume of distribution （Vd） and peak time （tmax）] of each group were calculated using a non-compartmental model of MonolixSuite 2023R1 pharmacokinetic software. RESULTS Compared with rivaroxaban alone group， AUC₀₋ₜ and AUC0-∞ of rivaroxaban in rats were increased significantly in high-dose Tongxinluo capsules+rivaroxaban group （P＜0.05）， while CL was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； t1/2 and MRT were shortened， tmax was extended， cmax was increased， while Vd was decreased， but there was no statistical significance （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Rivaroxaban combined with Tongxinluo capsules significantly increases the plasma exposure of rivaroxaban in rats. Potential drug-drug interactions should be considered in clinical practice based on the co-administration conditions.

Objective To experimentally verify the precision and accuracy of determining tritiated water in ambient air using the desiccant adsorption sampling–high temperature negative pressure desorption of liquid water (containing HTO)–liquid Scintillation counter method, and to provide technical support for developing standard methods for monitoring tritiated water in ambient air. Methods The relative standard deviation and recovery of multi-group samples were verified by collecting, testing, and analyzing environmental samples with different activity concentrations. The uncertainty of the method was evaluated, the main uncertainty components were identified, and the reliability of measurement results was analyzed. Through experimental comparison of different methods, the differences in the test results of different methods were examined. Results The relative standard deviation of multiple samples ranged from 6.7% to 7.9%, the recovery ranged from 95.7% to 97.3%, and the uncertainty was greatly affected by the sample counting rate, with no significant difference as compared to condensation sampling method. Conclusion The precision and accuracy of this method meet the requirements of environmental authorities for monitoring tritiated water in ambient air, and it can be widely used in the monitoring of tritiated water in ambient air.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of a trapezoidal transparent corneal incision during phacoemulsi-fication.Methods A total of 57 patients(68 eyes)undergoing phacoemulsification were selected and divided into a con-ventional incision group and a trapezoidal incision group using a random number table method.There were 28 patients(34 eyes)in the conventional incision group,including 15 eyes(males)and 19 eyes(females),with an age range of 41-82(65.0±10.1)years;and there were 29 patients(34 eyes)in the trapezoidal incision group,including 21 eyes(males)and 13 eyes(females),with an age range of 46-87(66.0±11.1)years.All patients underwent cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.A 3.0 mm transparent corneal incision was made for patients in the conventional incision group,while an improved trapezoidal transparent corneal incision was made for patients in the trape-zoidal incision group.The uncorrected visual acuity,intraocular pressure,corneal astigmatism,and incidence of intraoper-ative and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results The uncorrected visual acuity of patients in the trapezoidal incision group was better than that of patients in the conventional incision group at 1 week and 3 months after surgery,and the differences were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in intraocular pressure and corneal astigmatism between the two groups of patients at 1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery(all P＞0.05).The number of eyes with anterior chamber collapse and the number of eyes requiring a watertight incision in the conventional incision group were greater than those in the trapezoidal incision group during sur-gery,and the differences were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).The number of eyes with incision edema and the number of eyes with incision gap in the conventional incision group were greater than those in the trapezoidal incision group after surgery,and the differences were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).In the conventional incision group,IOL was displaced in 18 eyes due to the shallow anterior chamber and then returned to normal after the formation of the anterior chamber through a watertight incision during surgery;during the formation,iris prolapse and incarceration occurred in 2 eyes,and IOL rotation or incarceration occurred in 3 eyes.In the trapezoidal incision group,3 eyes had a shallow anterior chamber after surgery,and a watertight incision was used to form the anterior chamber;there was no IOL incarceration or displacement or iris prolapse.Conclusion The improved trapezoidal transparent corneal incision can effectively prevent IOL displacement caused by anterior chamber collapse during cataract surgery while ensuring the stability of the anterior chamber.It can also reduce the related complications caused by the watertight incision using a flushing needle and restore patients'vision as early as possible.

Objective To explore the categories of dyadic mental health literacy among stroke patients and their caregivers,and to analyze the differences in the characteristics of different classes of stroke patients and their caregivers.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 287 dyads of stroke patients and their caregivers who were treated at a tertiary general hospital in Henan province from July to October 2020.The general information questionnaire,Multicomponent Mental Health Literacy and Social Support Rating Scale were used for investigation.Latent profile analysis was adopted to explore the categories of dyadic mental health literacy,and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of each category.Results Stroke patients and their caregivers were divided into 4 categories based on scores of mental health literacy:dyadic low resource group(19.86％),dyadic low literacy group(54.36％),dyadic low belief group(11.15％),dyadic high literacy group(14.63％).The patient's age,average monthly household income,the caregiver's age,the caregiver's Social Support Rating Scale score,the caregiver's educational level,daily care time and total time length of care were the factors influencing the categories of dyadic mental health literacy among stroke patients and their caregivers(P＜0.05).Conclusion Stroke patients and their caregivers were divided into 4 categories based on scores of mental health literacy.Medical staff should carry out comprehensive psychological interventions for stroke patients and their caregivers with different dyadic mental health literacy characteristics,so as to improve dyadic mental health literacy.

In order to develop a positive quality control products for the detection of porcine repro-ductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)nucleic acid by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),the positive quality control products of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes were prepared using armored RNA technology of MS2 phage.PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes were amplified,purified and recovered,and ligated into pET28b vector containing MS2 mature enzyme protein gene and capsid protein.After transformed into BL21(DE3),the gene products were in-duced by IPTG and purified by PEG6000 precipitation method to prepare the armored RNA virus-like particles(AR-PRRSV)containing PRRSV M gene.Following the performance evaluation,as the positive quality control products of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 M genes,AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M were calculated using YY/T 1652-2019 standard.Results showed that it had a good u-niformity,stable storage for the armored virus-like particles at-20,4,25 ℃ for 60 d,and 37 ℃ for 30 d.The prepared armored virus-like particles AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M were deter-mined by digital quantitative PCR(ddPCR)after preliminary quantification by RT-qPCR.The 104 copies/μL of AR-PRRSV1M and AR-PRRSV2M ddPCR fixation was(1.33+0.50)× 104 cop-ies/μL.The above results indicates that the AR-PRRSVM can be used as the quality control of the whole detection process(nucleic acid extraction,reverse transcription and RT-qPCR).

Objective:To investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of patients with sudden unexpected death of epilepsy (SUDEP).Methods:Using "epilepsy" as the keyword, the relevant cases entered from October 2011 to March 2012 were searched in the database of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) Monitoring Center, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University. Telephone follow-up was conducted for all confirmed epilepsy patients, and for the death cases confirmed by telephone follow-up, the patients identified as consistent with SUDEP diagnosis were included in this study based on their past medical history, clinical data, death details, etc, and their clinical and neuroelectrophysiological characteristics were summarized and analyzed.Results:Among the 1 232 patients who underwent 24-hour video-EEG monitoring during the study period, 354 patients were successfully followed up by telephone interview, of whom 17 patients were died (4.8%), 12 individuals met the diagnosis of SUDEP (7 men, 5 women). The duration of the disease in 9 patients exceeded 10 years. Eight cases presented with focal-bilateral tonic clonic seizures. Nine patients were treated with anti-seizure drug monotherapy. All the 24-hour video EEG of 12 patients were abnormal. There were 8 occasions when the EEG occipital α background rhythm slowed down compared with the standard frequency of peers or was dominated by slow waves. Interictal epileptic discharge (IED) located in temporal lobe were found in 12 EEG records, of which 9 EEG records were found with frontal IED. One of the 12 cases received 24-hour video EEG twice within 6 years, and his EEG background rhythm was significantly slower and the IED region was expanded compared with the first EEG record. At the third year after reexamination of EEG, SUDEP developed in this patient.Conclusions:SUDEP patients have a long course of disease and bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. The interictal EEG shows occipital slow α activity and temporofrontal epileptiform discharges, which may increase the risk of SUDEP.

Objective:To explore the effect of whole course unaccompanied mode in gynecological laparoscopic surgery.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2020, convenience sampling was used to select patients who were treated in a single room of laparoscopic surgery in the Gynecology Minimally Invasive Center of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University. The patients were randomly divided into control group (101 cases) and observation group (125 cases). The control group accepted the family accompanying mode, while the observation group carried out the whole course unaccompanied mode. Anxiety and depression were assessed on admission, the day after operation and discharge, and the physical examination and satisfaction of the two groups were compared.Results:The scores of anxiety and depression of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at admission with statistical differences ( P<0.05), while the score of anxiety of patients in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at discharge, and the depression score was lower than that in the control group also with statistical differences ( P<0.05). In hospitalization experience, the life convenience experience of the observation group was statistically lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05), and there was no statistical significance in other dimensions ( P>0.05). In satisfaction, the overall satisfaction of patients in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the patients in the observation group were more able to fully understand the condition and treatment plan after surgery, communicate with the doctors and nurses in charge in a timely manner, fully understand the health care measures after discharge, and reasonably use the drugs after discharge, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The whole course unaccompanied mode has little impact on the inpatient experience and overall satisfaction. Compared with the company of family members, it can improve the communication effect among doctors, nurses and patients, the understanding of patients' conditions and treatment plans, and promote the correct implementation of discharged health care and medication.

Objective:To compare the effects of conservative oxygen therapy and conventional oxygen therapy on the efficacy and prognosis of mechanical ventilation support in patients with severe pneumonia.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study were conducted, 110 patients with severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU) of Hefei First People's Hospital from May 2019 to May 2021 were selected and divided into conventional oxygen therapy group (51 cases) and conservative oxygen therapy group (55 cases) according to random number table method. Patients in both groups were treated with invasive to non-invasive sequential mechanical ventilation strategy, and the target of oxygen therapy in the conventional oxygen therapy group was set as the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) > 150 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) or pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2) > 0.96. In the conservative oxygen therapy group, PaO 2 was set at 70-100 mmHg or SpO 2 at 0.90-0.92. The changes of blood gas analysis, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time, ICU mortality, new organ dysfunction and infection more than 48 hours after admission were observed in two groups before and after treatment. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the difference in cumulative survival rate between the two groups. Results:After treatment, pH value, PaO 2 and oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2) in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment, and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) was significantly lower than before treatment. pH value in the conservative oxygen therapy group was significantly higher than that in the conventional oxygen therapy group (7.4±0.1 vs. 7.3±0.3). PaO 2, PaCO 2 and PaO 2/FiO 2 were significantly lower than those in conventional oxygen therapy group [PaO 2 (mmHg): 68.9±4.7 vs. 75.2±6.0, PaCO 2 (mmHg): 42.1±5.6 vs. 50.5±7.5, PaO 2/FiO 2 (mmHg): 329±126 vs. 365±108, all P < 0.05]. The mechanical ventilation time in the conservative oxygen therapy group was significantly longer than that in the conventional oxygen therapy group (days: 19.7±3.5 vs. 13.9±4.5, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in ICU hospitalization time between the conservative oxygen therapy group and the conventional oxygen therapy group (days: 26.5±5.0 vs. 25.5±4.6, P > 0.05). Compared with the conventional oxygen therapy group, the ICU mortality, the incidence of nosocomial bloodstream infection, and the incidence of liver insufficiency, shock, and ICU acquired weakness (ICUAW) were decreased significantly in the conservative oxygen therapy group [ICU mortality: 27.3% (15/55) vs. 45.1% (23/51), liver insufficiency: 1.8% (1/55) vs. 7.8% (4/51), shock: 3.6% (2/55) vs. 9.8% (5/51), ICUAW: 5.5% (3/55) vs. 11.8% (6/51), the incidence of new bloodstream infection: 5.5% (3/55) vs. 11.8% (6/51), all P < 0.05]. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate of the conservative oxygen therapy group was significantly higher than that of the conventional oxygen therapy group (72.7% vs. 54.9%; Log-Rank test: χ 2 = 4.244, P = 0.039). Conclusion:Conservative oxygen therapy can reduce ICU mortality, the incidence of shock, liver insufficiency, ICUAW, and bloodstream infection in patients with severe pneumonia, but prolong mechanical ventilation time.