Polygonatum sibiricum， as a traditional Chinese medicine with both medicinal and edible properties， has attracted considerable attention due to its functions of nourishing Yin and moistening the lungs， tonifying the spleen and benefiting Qi， and nourishing the kidneys and filling essence. Recent studies have demonstrated that Polygonatum sibiricum plays a significant role in regulating the immune system， effectively enhancing and improving the morphology and function of immune organs， stimulating the proliferation and activation of immune cells， and regulating the secretion and release of immune factors， thereby enhancing the immune function of the body and improving various immune-related diseases. Although a large number of studies have explored the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of P. sibiricum， there has been no systematic review and summary of its immune regulatory activity and mechanisms. Therefore， this article comprehensively reviews the research achievements of P. sibiricum polysaccharides and saponins in the field of immune regulation in recent years， and further sorts out the immune regulatory mechanisms of P. sibiricum in multiple aspects： including increasing the organ index of the spleen and thymus， increasing the number and activity of tumor-suppressive bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells， improving intestinal flora imbalance， regulating the quantity and proportion of T lymphocyte subsets， increasing the level of immunoglobulin， promoting the proliferation of macrophages， enhancing the activity of natural killer cells， increasing the number of white blood cells， and promoting the maturation of dendritic cells， providing a solid theoretical basis and scientific evidence for the research and application of P. sibiricum， and promoting its development and application in traditional Chinese medicine immune enhancers and various functional products.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can potentially induce immunogenic cell death in tumor cells, leading to the release of ATP, and facilitating the initiation of an immune response. Nevertheless, the enzymes CD39 and CD73 can swiftly convert ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine (ADO), resulting in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This study introduced a nanomedicine (QD/POM1@NP@M) engineered to reprogram TME by modulating the CD39/CD73/ADO pathway. The nanomedicine encapsulated sonosensitizers silver sulfide quantum dots, and the CD39 inhibitor POM1, while also incorporating homologous tumor cell membranes to enhance targeting capabilities. This integrated approach, on the one hand, stimulates the release of ATP via SDT, thereby initiating the immune response. In addition, it reduced the accumulation of ADO by inhibiting CD39 activity, which ameliorated the immunosuppressive TME. Upon administration, the nanomedicine demonstrated substantial anti-tumor efficacy by facilitating the infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells, while reducing the immunosuppressive cells. This modulation effectively transformed the TME from an immunologically "cold" state to a "hot" state. Furthermore, combined with the checkpoint inhibitor α-PDL1, the nanomedicine augmented systemic anti-tumor immunity and promoted the establishment of long-term immune memory. This study provides an innovative strategy for combining non-invasive SDT and ATP-driven immunotherapy, offering new ideas for future cancer treatment.

Phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq) is a high-throughput and low-cost method for analyzing the specific binding of target proteins to peptide libraries. The method uses oligonucleotide library synthesis (OLS) to encode proteome-scale peptide libraries for display on phages, and then immunoprecipitates these library phages with target proteins (such as antibodies) for subsequent analysis by high-throughput DNA sequencing. PhIP-Seq enables the screening of peptide targets that react specifically with hundreds of proteins or pathogens. PhIP-Seq has been successfully applied in various fields such as disease detection, screening of autoimmune disease biomarkers, vaccine development, and allergen detection, becoming a high-throughput diagnostic technology. This article systematically describes the development, applications, and result evaluation of PhIP-Seq, in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the application and future development prospects of this technology in various fields.
Peptide Library ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation/methods* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Bacteriophages/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the effect of dandelion polysaccharide(DP)on inflammatory response and the protein expression of S100 calcium binding protein A8/A9(S100A8/A9)in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue of rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods:The two-hit method of hemorrhagic shock and intraperitoneally injected lipopolysaccharide was used to establish a rat model of MODS,and the rats were divided into sham-operation group,model group,low-dose DP group,and high-dose DP group.The organ coefficient and wet/dry weight ratio of the lung and the small intestine were observed for each group of rats;HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes of lung tissue and small intestinal tissue;immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-10(IL-10)in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue;Western blot was used to measure the protein expression level of S100A8/A9 in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue.Results:Compared with the sham-operation group,the model group had significant increases in the organ coefficient of the lung(5.849±0.824),the wet/dry weight ratio of the lung(6.556±0.631),the wet/dry weight ratio of the small intestine(6.356±0.535),and the wet weight/length ratio of the small intestine(73.950±5.569).HE staining showed that that the model group had massive in-flammatory cell infiltration in alveolar space and pulmonary interstitium,thickened alveolar wall,and disintegration and fragmentation of the villi of the small intestine,with inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of segmental aggregated lymphoid follicles.In the model group,S100A8/A9 was mainly expressed in neutrophils and macrophages,and there were increases in the expression of S100A8/A9,IL-1β,and IL-6 and a reduction in the expression of IL-10 in the lung tissue and small intestinal tissue of rats.After treatment with high-dose DP,there were reductions in the organ coefficient of the lung(4.297±0.462),the wet/dry weight ratio of the lung(5.313±0.495),the wet/dry weight ratio of the small intestine(5.398±0.388),and the wet weight/length ratio of the small intestine(59.417±2.891).The high-dose group also had alleviation of pathological injury in the small intestine,with reductions in the expres-sion of S100A8/A9,IL-1β,and IL-6 and an increase in the expression of IL-10 in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue.Conclusion:DP may alleviate inflammatory response in lung and small intestinal injuries of rats with MODS by inhibiting the expression of S100A8/A9.

Objective To investigate the dosimetry effect of Sum Plan and Bias Plan in the Monaco planning system for the addition of compensatory agents after left breast cancer surgery.Methods Twenty-nine patients with radical left mastectomy who received radiotherapy in this hospital from March 2023 to Feb-ruary 2024 were selected as the study objects.Based on the Monaco planning system and under the same opti-mal conditions,Sum Plan and Bias Plan were used to design the second-course plan based on the first-course plan.Sum Plan C1 and Bias Plan C2 were generated to compare the dosimetry differences of intensity modula-ted radiotherapy(IMRT)plans under the two dosimetric superposition methods.Results Compared with Sum Plan C1,the conformability index(CI)in the planned target area(PTV)of Bias Plan C2 was worse,the homogeneity index(HI)was better,and the mean cardiac dose(Dmean),V5,V10,V30,V40 in the organs at risk were better than that of Sum Plan C1.The Dmean,V5,V20 and contralateral V5 in the affected lung were lower,while the V5,V10,V15,V20,V25,V30 in the normal tissue were lower,while V35 was higher,and the number of subfields and machine hops were more,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bias Plan dose overlay method was proposed in the design of segmental radiotherapy with compensator after left breast cancer surgery.

Background Electroplating technology is widely used in the mechanical manufacturing industry. Electroplating workers may be exposed to occupational hazards such as chromium, zinc, cyanides, and sulfuric acid. With the continuous improvement of protective conditions, occupational hazards have been effectively controlled, but there is less focus on the potential acute occupational poisoning that may occur during the electroplating process. Objective To identify causes of an acute chromium poisoning accident occurred during the cleaning process of electroplating tank in a hardware processing plant, and to formulate relevant prevention and control measures to avoid similar poisoning accidents. Methods Occupational history, medical history, and treatment process of the poisoned worker were inquired in detail, his inpatient medical records were consulted , and his blood samples were tested. Occupational health investigation and testing were carried out at the scene of the poisoning accident. Results The air concentration of peak exposure (CPE) and permissible concentration-time weighted average (CTWA) of chromium and its compounds in the workplace were 0.49 mg·m⁻³ and 0.31 mg·m⁻³ respectively. The results of auxiliary test were Serum chromium 4175.85 μg·L⁻¹, serum creatinine 1370.2 μmol·L⁻¹, urea 42.28 mmol·L⁻¹, and urine osmotic pressure 248 mosm·L⁻¹. The final diagnosis was occupational acute severe toxic nephropathy (chromium and its compounds) and occupational chemical skin moderate burn (chromic acid, sulfuric acid). The prescribed treatment included right lower limb expansion skin grafting, hemodialysis and symptomatic support. The patient’s condition was stable and gradually improved after the treatment. Conclusion The main causes of the poisoning accident include weak awareness of the employer of occupational disease prevention and control; failures in fulfilling legal obligations of occupational disease prevention and control, implementing effective occupational disease prevention measures, and providing proper occupational health and safety training and effective personal protective equipment. In order to protect the health of workers, the relevant government departments and employers should attach great importance to the prevention and control of occupational diseases, such as strengthening training and education, increasing the intensity of occupational health supervision, and urging employers to implement occupational disease prevention measures in accordance with the law.

Objective　To understand the impact of early and timely treatment and initial antiviral treatment regimen on mortality and attrition of antiretroviral therapy. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using download data on antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, from the database of the Basic Information System for AIDS Control and Prevention (BISAC) from 2010 to 2020. The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of mortality and attrition. Results A total of 15 713 infected patients were included, including 53.4% aged 18-<50 years, 69.4% male, 61.0% farmer, 75.1% CD4 count <350 cells /μL before initial antiviral treatment, the overall mortality rate was 4.30/100 person-years, and the overall attrition was 2.42/100 person-years. The results of Cox regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of mortality were pretreatment CD4 counts of 350-<500 cells/μL(AHR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.63-0.81) and ≥500 cells/μL (AHR= 0.64, 95%CI: 0.55-0.76); duration from diagnosis to initial antiviral treatment 91-180 days (AHR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.08-1.45), 181-365 days (AHR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.08-1.47), and ≥365 days (AHR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.11-1.44); initial antiviral treatment regimens of D4T+3TC+EFV/NVP (AHR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.32-1.63) and AZT/D4T/TDF+3TC+LPV/r (AHR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.50-1.99). Factors affecting attrition were pretreatment CD4 counts of 350-499 cells/μL (AHR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.16-1.50) and ≥500 cells/μL (AHR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.10-1.50); interval from HIV positivity confirmation to initial dosing ≥365 days (AHR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.40), initial antiviral treatment regimens of TDF+3TC+NVP (AHR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.13-1.55), AZT+3TC+EFV/NVP (AHR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.26-1.62) and AZT/D4T/TDF+3TC+LPV/r (AHR=1.33, 95CI%: 1.06-1.67). Conclusions　Early and timely treatment and the initial antiviral treatment regimen of TDF+3TC+EFV have good efficacy, but attention should be paid to the high risk of attrition of HIV-infected people with high CD4 count before treatment.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of the model based on soluble T cell immunogloblulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (sTIM3) for the progression of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The AP patients admitted to Changzhou First People's Hospital and Changzhou Second People's Hospital from June 1, 2020 to June 30, 2022 were enrolled. Mild AP (MAP) and moderately severe AP (MSAP) patients were classified as non-SAP group, and SAP patients were classified as SAP group according to the progression of AP patients during hospitalization. The basic data, blood biological indicators, serum sTIM3 level, bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, modified computed tomography severity index (MCTSI) score within 48 hours of admission, and prognosis indicators were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the risk factors of the progression of SAP in patients with AP during hospitalization. Based on the results of multivariate analysis and the best parameters selected based on the minimal Akaike information criterion (AIC), the SAP prediction model based on sTIM3 was constructed. The receive operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to analyze the predictive efficacy of the model.Results:A total of 99 AP patients were enrolled, 80 patients in the non-SAP group and 19 patients in the SAP group. Compared with the non-SAP group, body mass index (BMI), drinking history ratio, heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (SCr), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), sTIM3, BISAP score, APACHEⅡ score and MCTSI score were significantly increased, and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2), direct bilirubin (DBil) and IL-10 were significantly decreased. The length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and total length of hospital stay of patients in the SAP group were significantly longer than those in the non-SAP group [length of ICU stay (days): 1.0 (0, 1.5) vs. 0 (0, 0), total length of hospital stay (days): 17.11±9.39 vs. 8.40±3.08, both P < 0.01]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that HR [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.059, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.010-1.110, P = 0.017], DBil ( OR = 0.981, 95% CI was 0.950-0.997, P = 0.043), and sTIM3 ( OR = 1.002, 95% CI was 1.001-1.003, P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for predicting the progression of SAP in patients with AP, and the SAP prediction model based on sTIM3 was constructed: Logit( P) = -14.602+0.187×BMI+0.057×HR+0.006×CRP-0.020×DBil+0.002×sTIM3. ROC curve analysis showed that among the aforementioned single factor quantitative indicators, IL-6 was the most effective in predicting the progression of AP patients to SAP during hospitalization, but the predictive performance of prediction model based on the sTIM3 was significantly better than IL-6 [area under the ROC curve (AUC) and 95% CI: 0.957 (0.913-1.000) vs. 0.902 (0.845-0.958), P < 0.05]. Conclusion:The model based on serum sTIM3 demonstrated good predictive value for the progression of SAP in patients with AP.

The COVID-19 epidemic has spread to the whole world for three years and has had a serious impact on human life, health and economic activities. China's epidemic prevention and control has gone through the following stages: emergency unconventional stage, emergency normalization stage, and the transitional stage from the emergency normalization to the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category B" normalization, and achieved a major and decisive victory. The designated hospitals for prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Tianjin has successfully completed its tasks in all stages of epidemic prevention and control, and has accumulated valuable experience. This article summarizes the experience of constructing a hospital infection prevention and control system during the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category A" period in designated hospital. The experience is summarized as the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system, namely "three rings" outside, middle and inside, "three districts" of green, orange and red, "three things" before, during and after the event, "two-day pre-purification" and "two-director system", and "one zone" management. In emergency situations, we adopt a simplified version of the cluster hospital infection prevention and control system. In emergency situations, a simplified version of the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system can be adopted. This system has the following characteristics: firstly, the system emphasizes the characteristics of "cluster" and the overall management of key measures to avoid any shortcomings. The second, it emphasizes the transformation of infection control concepts to maximize the safety of medical services through infection control. The third, it emphasizes the optimization of the process. The prevention and control measures should be comprehensive and focused, while also preventing excessive use. The measures emphasize the use of the least resources to achieve the best infection control effect. The fourth, it emphasizes the quality control work of infection control, pays attention to the importance of the process, and advocates the concept of "system slimming, process fattening". Fifthly, it emphasizes that the future development depends on artificial intelligence, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of prevention and control to the greatest extent. Sixth, hospitals need to strengthen continuous training and retraining. We utilize diverse training methods, including artificial intelligence, to ensure that infection control policies and procedures are simple. We have established an evaluation and feedback mechanism to ensure that medical personnel are in an emergency state at all times.

Objective:To analyze the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2022, and understand the high-incidence population and hotspot areas, and provide evidences to develop more targeted prevention and control measures.Methods:The surveillance data of typhoid fever during 2011-2022 in Fujian Province were obtained from the National Disease Reporting Information System and analyzed with SAS 9.4. The spatial autocorrelation analysis of typhoid fever incidence at county/district levels was performed with ArcGlS 10.8.Results:A total of 5 126 cases of typhoid fever were reported in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.10/100 000. The average annual incidence rate was 0.96/100 000 from 2011 to 2015, 1.49/100 000 from 2016 to 2019, and 0.81/100 000 from 2020 to 2022. The disease occurred all the year round, with high epidemic season from May to September. A total of 23.59% (1 209/5 126) of the cases occurred at the age of 0-4, and 9.62% (493/5 126) at the age of 5-9. The male to female ratio of the cases was 0.97∶1 (2 524∶2 602) for the whole population, 1.19∶1 (925∶777) for people under 10 years old, 0.75∶1 (1 060∶1 404) for people between 10 and 54 years old, and 1.28∶1 (539∶421) for people over 55 years old. Cases in Ningde City accounted for 30.65% (1 571/5 126) of the total cases. Most hotspots were occurred in Ningde City. Recurrent and clustered cases were found in family members.Conclusions:Typhoid fever was prevalent at a low level in Fujian Province during 2011-2022, indicating that strengthening the prevention and control measures should target key areas and populations. The incidence of typhoid fever in Fujian Province showed spatial aggregation phenomenon, and most cases gathered in Ningde City. Intensive study for the influencing factors of spatial clustering should be conducted.