Objective:To investigate the curative effect and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.Methods:Twenty-one 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: control group (normal diet), model group (high-fat and high-cholesterol diet), and hyperbaric oxygen group (high-fat and high-cholesterol diet + hyperbaric oxygen therapy), with seven mice in each group. The changes in body weight, serum liver enzymes, and blood lipids were compared after treatment between the three groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Oil Red O staining, Sirius red staining, and F4/80 immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the pathological changes in liver tissues. RT-qPCR and Western blot methods were used to detect the expression levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison among the groups.Results:Mice in the hyperbaric oxygen group had significantly improved liver histopathology. The serological levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and cholesterol were (77.50±13.59) U/L, (156.06±23.68) U/L, and (4.80±0.53) mmol/L, which were significantly lower than those in the model group [(109.43±16.88) U/L, (216.62±18.79) U/L, and (5.86±0.53) mmol/L, P<0.05], and accompanied by lower levels of lipid deposition, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis. In addition, compared with the model group, the expression of antioxidant stress protein nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [(0.30±0.06) and (2.16±1.21), P<0.05] and heme oxygenase-1 [(0.48±0.19) and (1.01±0.18), P<0.05] in liver tissue showed an upward trend following hyperbaric oxygen treatment, which was also validated at the transcriptional level ( P<0.05). Simultaneously, compared with the model group, the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α [(2.60±0.71) and (0.66±0.15), P<0.05], interleukin-1β [(2.41±1.01) and (0.78±0.23), P<0.05], and interleukin-6 [(3.61±2.17) and (0.94±0.25), P<0.05] in the liver tissue of mice in the hyperbaric oxygen group were decreased. The tumor necrosis factor-α protein level [(7.50±4.73) and (1.05±0.58), P<0.05] and interleukin-1β [(1.65±0.35) and (1.02±0.02), P<0.05] was reduced following hyperbaric oxygen treatment compared with those in the model group. Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can slow down the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（AIT） remains the only therapeutic approach with the potential to modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis（AR）. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variability exists in patients'responses to AIT. To facilitate more reliable assessment of treatment efficacy, the China Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group（CRRCG） convened young and middle-aged nasal experts in China to formulate the present consensus. The recommended subjective outcome measures for AIT comprise symptom scores, medication scores, combined symptom and medication scores, quality-of-life assessments, evaluation of disease control, and assessment of comorbidities. Objective indicators may supplement these measures. Currently available objective approaches include skin prick testing, nasal provocation testing, and allergen exposure chambers. However, these methods remain constrained by practical limitations and are not yet appropriate for routine implementation in clinical efficacy evaluation. In addition, several biomarkers, including sIgE and the sIgE/tIgE ratio, sIgG4, serum IgE-blocking activity, IgA, cytokines and chemokines, as well as immune cell surface molecules and their functional activity, have been shown to have associations with AIT outcomes. While these biomarkers may complement subjective assessments, they are subject to significant limitations. Consequently, large-scale multicenter trials and real-world evidence are required to strengthen the evidence base. The present consensus underscores the necessity of integrating patients'subjective experiences with objective testing throughout the treatment process, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate framework for efficacy evaluation. Looking forward, future investigations should prioritize the incorporation of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence methodologies, which hold promise for overcoming current limitations in assessment strategies and for advancing both the standardization and personalization of AIT.
Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; China ; Consensus ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; East Asian People

Objective: To analyze the relationship between 24 h movement behaviors and cognitive function in children and adolescents, as well as the isotemporal substitution benefits, in order to provide a basis for developing cognitive development intervention strategies among children and adolescents. Methods: Relevant studies were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from their inception to November 30, 2024. Systematic evaluation was performed after document screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Results: A total of 24 highquality studies were included, comprising 35 295 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. Adhering to the 24 h activity guidelines was associated with better cognitive performance (19 studies). Additionally, substituting 5-30 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sleep (SLP) for sedentary behavior (SB) or light physical activity (LPA) were associated with improvements in cognitive function (7 studies). There were inconsistencies in the effects of different types of SB (learning or entertainment) on cognitive function. Conclusions Adherence to the 24 h activity guidelines supports cognitive development in children and adolescents, with MVPA and SLP as key intervention targets. Increasing the proportion of MVPA, ensuring adequate SLP, and limiting recreational SB and screen time might be helpful to enhance the combined benefits of these three behaviors.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of common non-bacterial pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARTI)from a multi-center study covering 4 regions in Fujian Province in 2023.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical record analysis.A total of 22 769 hospitalized children with ARTI were enrolled from January to December 2023 across seven regional pediatric medical centers in Fujian Province (covering four major geographical divisions of Fuzhou, Nanping, Sanming and Longyan; all selected hospitals were regional children′s medical centers).Using single-tube multiplex PCR with fragment analysis on a Sanger sequencing platform, the nucleic acids of 11 common non-bacterial respiratory pathogens were tested in nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 22 769 children. These pathogens included influenza A virus(FluA), influenza B virus(FluB), parainfluenza virus(PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human bocavirus (HBoV), human coronavirus (HCoV), human metapneumovirus(HMPV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP), and Chlamydia (Ch). Count data were described as [ n(%)], and the chi-square test/Fisher′s exact test was used to compare the differences in rates between groups. Epidemiological features, including positive detection rates, pathogen profiles, and correlations with region, sex, age and month, were analyzed. Results:Among 22 769 children with ARTI, pathogens were detected in 16 213 cases (71.21%), including 13 340 single infections (58.59%).The detection rates of single pathogens in descending order were human rhinovirus (HRV, 12.95%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP, 12.27%), respiratory syncytial virus(RSV, 11.12%), influenza A virus (Flu-A, 7.98%), parainfluenza virus(PIV, 4.66%), human metapneumovirus(HMPV, 4.60%), adenovirus(ADV, 2.70%), human bocavirus(HBoV, 0.84%), human coronavirus(HCoV, 0.82%), influenza B virus(Flu-B, 0.47%) and Chlamydia(Ch, 0.18%).Mixed infections occurred in 2 873 cases(12.62%), primarily dual infections(2 679 cases).Regional analysis revealed significant disparities:Luoyuan County Hospital (Fuzhou) exhibited the highest total detection rate(86.59%, 1 414/1 633)and mixed infection rate(23.27%, 380/1 633)(both P<0.001), with notably elevated MP (26.39%, 431/1 633);Jian′ou City Hospital(Nanping) ranked second for Flu-A(14.21%, 409/2 879), RSV(13.20%, 380/2 879) and mixed infections(17.12%, 493/2 879);Lianjiang County Hospital(Fuzhou) showed distinct prevalence of Flu-A(10.68%, 130/1 217), PIV(6.00%, 73/1 217), and HBoV(1.73%, 21/1 217); Yong′an City Hospital (Sanming) reported high MP (26.07%, 238/913) and RSV(12.38%, 113/913);Shaowu City Hospital(Nanping) was dominated by MP (18.60%, 407/2 188) and HRV(13.39%, 293/2 188); Tingzhou Hospital(Longyan) had the highest HRV (17.88%, 407/2 276) and Flu-B (0.75%, 17/2 276); and Fuzhou Children′s Hospital showed elevated ADV(3.38%, 394/11 663) and HCoV(1.08%, 126/11 663). Except for Flu-B(0.47%, 108/22 769; P=0.054) and Ch(0.18%, 40/22769; P=0.900), all pathogens and mixed infections exhibited significant regional variations ( P<0.05).Gender analysis indicated higher detection rates of HRV, RSV, Flu-A, ADV, PIV, HBoV and mixed infections in males, while MP, HMPV, Flu-B, HCoV, and Ch were more prevalent in females, with statistically significant differences for HRV and MP (both P<0.001). Age stratification showed the highest overall detection rate in the 3-<6 years group (75.48%; P<0.001): RSV and Ch peaked in infants (<1 year), HRV, PIV, ADV and HBoV in toddlers (1-<3 years), HMPV, HCoV, and mixed infections in preschool children (3-<6 years), and MP, Flu-A and Flu-B in older children (6-<18 years).Analyzing the prevalent months, the monthly prevalence trends of pathogens in various regions are similar.Seasonal trends demonstrated year-round HRV activity (peaking in spring/autumn), MP prevalence in autumn/winter, RSV surges in spring-summer (April-June) and late summer-autumn (August-October), and Flu-A predominanced in winter-spring. Conclusion:Multiplex PCR with fragment analysis demonstrated high diagnostic efficacy. The top 4 non-bacterial pathogens in Fujian Province′s ARTI-hospitalized children in 2023 were HRV, MP, RSV and Flu-A. Pathogen distribution exhibited significant regional, age and seasonal variations, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies.

Objective:To investigate the roles of simulated participants in the facilitation of medical scenarios simulation-based course and to provide a reference for the standardized construction of medical scenarios simulation-based course.Methods:Thirty scenario simulation-based teaching sessions on perioperative crisis events conducted during the 2022-2023 academic year were observed on-site. The performance of simulated participants in facilitating case execution and the skills used in facilitation were observed and recorded. At the end of the course, surveys regarding facilitation were administered to students, simulated participants, and instructors for analysis.Results:In the facilitation of 30 scenario simulation-based teaching sessions on perioperative crisis events, the roles of simulated participants included surgeon, anesthesia nurse, circuit nurse, and standardized patient. Two simulated participants accounted for 80.00% and three participants for 20.00% of the total sessions. The simulated participants performed excellently in helping the learners quickly integrate into the scenario and controlling the direction of the case, with an excellence rate of 90.00%-100.00%. However, they had some variations in driving the progress of the case and responding to unexpected situations, with an excellence rate of 50.00%-60.00%. The facilitation skills used by simulated participants included hinting, prompting, and instructing. The performance of facilitation was closely related to the use of skills by the simulated participants. Simulated participants with proficient skill usage significantly enhanced teaching effectiveness. Post-session surveys revealed that learners generally perceived simulated participants as having a positive impact on facilitation, and both simulated participants and instructors emphasized the need for strengthened communication prior to simulation-based teaching.Conclusions:The simulated participants played important roles in guiding learners, advancing case progression, and achieving teaching objectives. Instructors should not only consider the scripting of simulated participants during lesson planning but also prioritize their training and communication during course implementation.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of common non-bacterial pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARTI)from a multi-center study covering 4 regions in Fujian Province in 2023.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical record analysis.A total of 22 769 hospitalized children with ARTI were enrolled from January to December 2023 across seven regional pediatric medical centers in Fujian Province (covering four major geographical divisions of Fuzhou, Nanping, Sanming and Longyan; all selected hospitals were regional children′s medical centers).Using single-tube multiplex PCR with fragment analysis on a Sanger sequencing platform, the nucleic acids of 11 common non-bacterial respiratory pathogens were tested in nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 22 769 children. These pathogens included influenza A virus(FluA), influenza B virus(FluB), parainfluenza virus(PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human bocavirus (HBoV), human coronavirus (HCoV), human metapneumovirus(HMPV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP), and Chlamydia (Ch). Count data were described as [ n(%)], and the chi-square test/Fisher′s exact test was used to compare the differences in rates between groups. Epidemiological features, including positive detection rates, pathogen profiles, and correlations with region, sex, age and month, were analyzed. Results:Among 22 769 children with ARTI, pathogens were detected in 16 213 cases (71.21%), including 13 340 single infections (58.59%).The detection rates of single pathogens in descending order were human rhinovirus (HRV, 12.95%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP, 12.27%), respiratory syncytial virus(RSV, 11.12%), influenza A virus (Flu-A, 7.98%), parainfluenza virus(PIV, 4.66%), human metapneumovirus(HMPV, 4.60%), adenovirus(ADV, 2.70%), human bocavirus(HBoV, 0.84%), human coronavirus(HCoV, 0.82%), influenza B virus(Flu-B, 0.47%) and Chlamydia(Ch, 0.18%).Mixed infections occurred in 2 873 cases(12.62%), primarily dual infections(2 679 cases).Regional analysis revealed significant disparities:Luoyuan County Hospital (Fuzhou) exhibited the highest total detection rate(86.59%, 1 414/1 633)and mixed infection rate(23.27%, 380/1 633)(both P<0.001), with notably elevated MP (26.39%, 431/1 633);Jian′ou City Hospital(Nanping) ranked second for Flu-A(14.21%, 409/2 879), RSV(13.20%, 380/2 879) and mixed infections(17.12%, 493/2 879);Lianjiang County Hospital(Fuzhou) showed distinct prevalence of Flu-A(10.68%, 130/1 217), PIV(6.00%, 73/1 217), and HBoV(1.73%, 21/1 217); Yong′an City Hospital (Sanming) reported high MP (26.07%, 238/913) and RSV(12.38%, 113/913);Shaowu City Hospital(Nanping) was dominated by MP (18.60%, 407/2 188) and HRV(13.39%, 293/2 188); Tingzhou Hospital(Longyan) had the highest HRV (17.88%, 407/2 276) and Flu-B (0.75%, 17/2 276); and Fuzhou Children′s Hospital showed elevated ADV(3.38%, 394/11 663) and HCoV(1.08%, 126/11 663). Except for Flu-B(0.47%, 108/22 769; P=0.054) and Ch(0.18%, 40/22769; P=0.900), all pathogens and mixed infections exhibited significant regional variations ( P<0.05).Gender analysis indicated higher detection rates of HRV, RSV, Flu-A, ADV, PIV, HBoV and mixed infections in males, while MP, HMPV, Flu-B, HCoV, and Ch were more prevalent in females, with statistically significant differences for HRV and MP (both P<0.001). Age stratification showed the highest overall detection rate in the 3-<6 years group (75.48%; P<0.001): RSV and Ch peaked in infants (<1 year), HRV, PIV, ADV and HBoV in toddlers (1-<3 years), HMPV, HCoV, and mixed infections in preschool children (3-<6 years), and MP, Flu-A and Flu-B in older children (6-<18 years).Analyzing the prevalent months, the monthly prevalence trends of pathogens in various regions are similar.Seasonal trends demonstrated year-round HRV activity (peaking in spring/autumn), MP prevalence in autumn/winter, RSV surges in spring-summer (April-June) and late summer-autumn (August-October), and Flu-A predominanced in winter-spring. Conclusion:Multiplex PCR with fragment analysis demonstrated high diagnostic efficacy. The top 4 non-bacterial pathogens in Fujian Province′s ARTI-hospitalized children in 2023 were HRV, MP, RSV and Flu-A. Pathogen distribution exhibited significant regional, age and seasonal variations, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies.

Objective:To investigate the roles of simulated participants in the facilitation of medical scenarios simulation-based course and to provide a reference for the standardized construction of medical scenarios simulation-based course.Methods:Thirty scenario simulation-based teaching sessions on perioperative crisis events conducted during the 2022-2023 academic year were observed on-site. The performance of simulated participants in facilitating case execution and the skills used in facilitation were observed and recorded. At the end of the course, surveys regarding facilitation were administered to students, simulated participants, and instructors for analysis.Results:In the facilitation of 30 scenario simulation-based teaching sessions on perioperative crisis events, the roles of simulated participants included surgeon, anesthesia nurse, circuit nurse, and standardized patient. Two simulated participants accounted for 80.00% and three participants for 20.00% of the total sessions. The simulated participants performed excellently in helping the learners quickly integrate into the scenario and controlling the direction of the case, with an excellence rate of 90.00%-100.00%. However, they had some variations in driving the progress of the case and responding to unexpected situations, with an excellence rate of 50.00%-60.00%. The facilitation skills used by simulated participants included hinting, prompting, and instructing. The performance of facilitation was closely related to the use of skills by the simulated participants. Simulated participants with proficient skill usage significantly enhanced teaching effectiveness. Post-session surveys revealed that learners generally perceived simulated participants as having a positive impact on facilitation, and both simulated participants and instructors emphasized the need for strengthened communication prior to simulation-based teaching.Conclusions:The simulated participants played important roles in guiding learners, advancing case progression, and achieving teaching objectives. Instructors should not only consider the scripting of simulated participants during lesson planning but also prioritize their training and communication during course implementation.

Objective:To investigate the curative effect and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.Methods:Twenty-one 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: control group (normal diet), model group (high-fat and high-cholesterol diet), and hyperbaric oxygen group (high-fat and high-cholesterol diet + hyperbaric oxygen therapy), with seven mice in each group. The changes in body weight, serum liver enzymes, and blood lipids were compared after treatment between the three groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Oil Red O staining, Sirius red staining, and F4/80 immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the pathological changes in liver tissues. RT-qPCR and Western blot methods were used to detect the expression levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison among the groups.Results:Mice in the hyperbaric oxygen group had significantly improved liver histopathology. The serological levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and cholesterol were (77.50±13.59) U/L, (156.06±23.68) U/L, and (4.80±0.53) mmol/L, which were significantly lower than those in the model group [(109.43±16.88) U/L, (216.62±18.79) U/L, and (5.86±0.53) mmol/L, P<0.05], and accompanied by lower levels of lipid deposition, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis. In addition, compared with the model group, the expression of antioxidant stress protein nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [(0.30±0.06) and (2.16±1.21), P<0.05] and heme oxygenase-1 [(0.48±0.19) and (1.01±0.18), P<0.05] in liver tissue showed an upward trend following hyperbaric oxygen treatment, which was also validated at the transcriptional level ( P<0.05). Simultaneously, compared with the model group, the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α [(2.60±0.71) and (0.66±0.15), P<0.05], interleukin-1β [(2.41±1.01) and (0.78±0.23), P<0.05], and interleukin-6 [(3.61±2.17) and (0.94±0.25), P<0.05] in the liver tissue of mice in the hyperbaric oxygen group were decreased. The tumor necrosis factor-α protein level [(7.50±4.73) and (1.05±0.58), P<0.05] and interleukin-1β [(1.65±0.35) and (1.02±0.02), P<0.05] was reduced following hyperbaric oxygen treatment compared with those in the model group. Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can slow down the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the sedative effect of remimazolam in endoscopy and to compare it with propofol and midazolam. METHODS Search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database, CNKI and other databases to collect the literature of randomized controlled trials of remimazolam for sedation in endoscopy. The search period was from 2018 onwards when remimazolam was approved for clinical trials until April 2022. The search strategy included the following variable keywords: remimazolam, gastroscopy, bronchoscopy, and colonoscopy. The quality of the included literature was assessed and the collected data were subjected to meta-analysis by RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS Ten relevant RCTs involving midazolam and propofol, involving a total of 2 076 patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that the sedative effect of remimazolam was significantly higher than that of midazolam [OR=0.03, 95%CI(0.02, 0.05), I2=0%, P<0.000 01]; but lower than that of propofol [OR=11.32, 95%CI(2.12, 60.56), I2=0%, P=0.005]. The onset time of remimazolam was longer than that of propofol, but shorter than that of midazolam; the recovery time was faster than that of propofol and midazolam. Compared with midazolam, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions. Compared with propofol, remimazolam was associated with lower rates of hypotension, slowed heart rate, hypoxemia, and injection pain, but higher risk ratio of nausea, with no difference invomiting. CONCLUSION The sedative effect and onset of action of remimazolam are better than midazolam but less than propofol when used for endoscopy. Wake-up time is faster than that of propofol and midazolam. The incidence of respiratory and circulatory depression is lower with remimazolam than with propofol, and there are no significant differences in adverse effects compared with midazolam.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of pattern elements and the distribution of patterns of femoral head necrosis, hip osteoarthritis, and hip rheumatoid arthritis, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the "different diseases with the same pattern" of chronic bone diseases. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to select patients with femoral head necrosis Association Research Circulation Osseous Ⅰ-Ⅱ stages, hip osteoarthritis Kellgren & Lawrence Ⅰ-Ⅱ stages, and acute or subacute hip rheumatoid arthritis who visited the Minimally Invasive Arthrology Department, Traumatology Department, and Rheumatology and Immunology Department of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital from June 2020 to June 2022. The " case report form - traditional Chinese medicine pattern manifestation scale" previously developed by our team was used to collect the pattern manifestations, which were included into an Excel 2020 spreadsheet to establish a database. SPSS 20.0 software was used for factor analysis and cluster analysis to extract pattern element information, such as disease nature and location, in order to summarize the characteristics of pattern elements, the distribution of patterns, and the similarities and differences of the three kinds of early hip joint diseases.Results A total of 410 patients were included, including 150 patients with femoral head necrosis, 160 patients with hip osteoarthritis, and 100 patients with hip rheumatoid arthritis. The pattern elements of the disease nature of femoral head necrosis include phlegm (dampness), blood stasis, yang deficiency, essence deficiency, and qi deficiency. The pattern types were initially divided into four categories: syndrome of meridian obstruction (43.33％), syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals (38.00％), syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency (12.00％), and syndrome of kidney essence deficiency (6.67％). The pattern elements of the disease nature of hip osteoarthritis include phlegm (dampness), blood stasis, qi deficiency, essence deficiency, yang deficiency, and cold (dampness). The pattern types were preliminarily divided into five categories: syndrome of spleen and kidney deficiency (37.50％), syndrome of meridian obstruction (26.87％), syndrome of cold and dampness obstruction (18.75％), syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstruction (9.38％), and syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency (7.50％). The pattern elements of the disease nature of hip rheumatoid arthritis include phlegm (dampness), blood stasis, qi deficiency, yin and yang deficiency, cold (dampness), and essence deficiency. The pattern types were preliminarily divided into four categories: syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstruction (34.00％), syndrome of cold and dampness obstruction (28.00％), syndrome of blood stasis blocking collaterals (23.00％), and syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency (15.00％). Overall, the top five pattern manifestations of the three kinds of hip joint diseases were hip joint pain (96.59％), tenderness (93.90％), fixed pain (87.56％), heavy joints (85.37％), and sourness of lower limbs (75.37％). The pattern elements of the disease nature include phlegm (dampness), blood stasis, qi deficiency, etc. The pattern types were preliminarily divided into five categories: syndrome of phlegm stasis blocking collaterals (33.17％), syndrome of meridian obstruction (31.95％), syndrome of cold dampness obstruction (21.46％), syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency (7.32％), and syndrome of spleen and kidney deficiency (6.10％). There were 21 similar pattern manifestations in the three kinds of early hip joint diseases, with blood stasis and spleen deficiency being the main pattern.Conclusion The common pattern characteristics of three kinds of early hip joint diseases are spleen deficiency and blood stasis. In addition, femoral head necrosis is accompanied with phlegm-dampness pattern, hip osteoarthritis is accompanied with kidney deficiency and phlegm-dampness pattern, hip rheumatoid arthritis is accompanied with kidney deficiency and cold-dampness pattern.