Temporal interference (TI) is a form of stimulation that epitomizes an innovative and non-invasive approach for profound neuromodulation of the brain, a technique that has been validated in mice. Yet, the thin cranial bone structure of mice has a marginal influence on the effect of the TI technique and may not effectively showcase its effectiveness in larger animals. Based on this, we carried out TI stimulation experiments on rats. Following the TI intervention, analysis of electrophysiological data and immunofluorescence staining indicated the generation of a stimulation focus within the nucleus accumbens (depth, 8.5 mm) in rats. Our findings affirm the viability of the TI methodology in the presence of thick cranial bones, furnishing efficacious parameters for profound stimulation with TI administered under such conditions. This experiment not only sheds light on the intervention effects of TI deep in the brain but also furnishes robust evidence in support of its prospective clinical utility.
Animals ; Deep Brain Stimulation/methods* ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Objective:To investigate the effect of dandelion polysaccharide(DP)on inflammatory response and the protein expression of S100 calcium binding protein A8/A9(S100A8/A9)in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue of rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods:The two-hit method of hemorrhagic shock and intraperitoneally injected lipopolysaccharide was used to establish a rat model of MODS,and the rats were divided into sham-operation group,model group,low-dose DP group,and high-dose DP group.The organ coefficient and wet/dry weight ratio of the lung and the small intestine were observed for each group of rats;HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes of lung tissue and small intestinal tissue;immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-10(IL-10)in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue;Western blot was used to measure the protein expression level of S100A8/A9 in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue.Results:Compared with the sham-operation group,the model group had significant increases in the organ coefficient of the lung(5.849±0.824),the wet/dry weight ratio of the lung(6.556±0.631),the wet/dry weight ratio of the small intestine(6.356±0.535),and the wet weight/length ratio of the small intestine(73.950±5.569).HE staining showed that that the model group had massive in-flammatory cell infiltration in alveolar space and pulmonary interstitium,thickened alveolar wall,and disintegration and fragmentation of the villi of the small intestine,with inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of segmental aggregated lymphoid follicles.In the model group,S100A8/A9 was mainly expressed in neutrophils and macrophages,and there were increases in the expression of S100A8/A9,IL-1β,and IL-6 and a reduction in the expression of IL-10 in the lung tissue and small intestinal tissue of rats.After treatment with high-dose DP,there were reductions in the organ coefficient of the lung(4.297±0.462),the wet/dry weight ratio of the lung(5.313±0.495),the wet/dry weight ratio of the small intestine(5.398±0.388),and the wet weight/length ratio of the small intestine(59.417±2.891).The high-dose group also had alleviation of pathological injury in the small intestine,with reductions in the expres-sion of S100A8/A9,IL-1β,and IL-6 and an increase in the expression of IL-10 in lung tissue and small intestinal tissue.Conclusion:DP may alleviate inflammatory response in lung and small intestinal injuries of rats with MODS by inhibiting the expression of S100A8/A9.

Objective To analyze the parameter characteristics of three-dimensional nystagmus during repositioning in patients with posterior semicircular canal canalolithiasis(PSC-Can)and its clinical efficacy.Methods Clinical data were collected from 76 PSC-Can patients who underwent Epley repositioning assisted by three-dimensional video nystagmography.According to the presence or absence of nystagmus during repo-sitioning,patients were divided into Group A(with positive nystagmus,n=25),Group B(without nystag-mus,n=35),and Group C(with reverse nystagmus,n=16).The study analyzed the parameters of nystagmus occurring during repositioning and the nystagmus in the first position,as well as the efficacy of repositioning across the three groups.Results The differences in maximum slow-phase velocity of horizontal component nystagmus,vertical component nystagmus,and torsional component nystagmus in the primary position were statistically significant(P<0.05).The maximum slow-phase velocity of the vertical component in the left PSC-Can was greater than that in the right PSC-Can,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).A-mong the three groups,the differences in duration and maximum slow-phase velocity of the vertical and tor-sional components were statistically significant(P<0.05).In groups A and C,the maximum slow-phase ve-locity of torsional component nystagmus in the primary position was greater than that during the repositioning process.The cure rate was highest in group A,followed by group B,and lowest in group C,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion In patients with posterior semicircular canal canalolithiasis(PSC-Can),in the right-beating nystagmus group,nystagmus is strong and short-lived with optimal repositioning efficacy;in the left-beating nystagmus group,nystagmus is weak and prolonged with poor repositioning efficacy.

Objective: To understand and assess the current situation of primary and secondary school students health services in community health service organizations in Shenzhen, so as to provide a basis for upgrading the capacity of health services. Methods: A total of 684 community health service organizations and 587 part time health vice principals in the Shenzhen City were selected for the study in June 2022, and the special questionnaire surveys regarding primary and secondary school students health service capacity and the community health service organizations and part time health vice principals performance ability were administered in Shenzhen. SPSS 26.0 software was used for a descriptive analysis. Results: The staffing rate of general practitioners or clinical physicians in Shenzhen s community health service organizations was 99.9%, 67.1% of community health service organizations established counterpart collaborative relationships with schools, 50.8% of community health service organizations provided diagnostic and treatment services for students, 24.8% of community health service organizations provided health check up services for students, 85.2% of community health service organizations provided health guidance to schools, and 94.3% of community health service organizations had a part time vice principal of health with a score of (7.63±1.59) in the self assessment of their ability to carry out their duties, and space constraints and shortage of nursing were the main problems in promoting student medical check ups in the community health service organizations. Conclusions The community health service organizations in Shenzhen suffer from inadequate medical service resources and inadequate training for professional staff, resulting in low service capacity for providing physical examinations and health management for primary and secondary school students. There is a need to further promote the integrated development of education and health, and continuously enhance service capabilities, to promote the orderly development of student health work.

As a potential vectored vaccine,Newcastle disease virus(NDV)has been subject to various studies for vaccine development,while relatively little research has outlined the immunomodulatory effect of the virus in antigen presentation.To elucidate the key inhibitory factor in regulating the interaction of infected dendritic cells(DCs)and T cells,DCs were pretreated with the NDV vaccine strain LaSota as an inhibitor and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)for further detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),flow cytometry,immunoblotting,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The results revealed that NDV infection resulted in the inhibition of interleukin(IL)-12p40 in DCs through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-dependent manner,thus inhibiting the synthesis of IL-12p70,leading to the reduction in T cell proliferation and the secretion of interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 induced by DCs.Consequently,downregulated cytokines accelerated the infection and viral transmission from DCs to T cells.Furthermore,several other strains of NDV also exhibited inhibitory activity.The current study reveals that NDV can modulate the intensity of the innate?adaptive immune cell crosstalk critically toward viral invasion improvement,highlighting a novel mechanism of virus-induced immunosuppression and providing new perspectives on the improvement of NDV-vectored vaccine.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of pattern elements and the distribution of patterns of femoral head necrosis, hip osteoarthritis, and hip rheumatoid arthritis, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the "different diseases with the same pattern" of chronic bone diseases. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to select patients with femoral head necrosis Association Research Circulation Osseous Ⅰ-Ⅱ stages, hip osteoarthritis Kellgren & Lawrence Ⅰ-Ⅱ stages, and acute or subacute hip rheumatoid arthritis who visited the Minimally Invasive Arthrology Department, Traumatology Department, and Rheumatology and Immunology Department of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital from June 2020 to June 2022. The " case report form - traditional Chinese medicine pattern manifestation scale" previously developed by our team was used to collect the pattern manifestations, which were included into an Excel 2020 spreadsheet to establish a database. SPSS 20.0 software was used for factor analysis and cluster analysis to extract pattern element information, such as disease nature and location, in order to summarize the characteristics of pattern elements, the distribution of patterns, and the similarities and differences of the three kinds of early hip joint diseases.Results A total of 410 patients were included, including 150 patients with femoral head necrosis, 160 patients with hip osteoarthritis, and 100 patients with hip rheumatoid arthritis. The pattern elements of the disease nature of femoral head necrosis include phlegm (dampness), blood stasis, yang deficiency, essence deficiency, and qi deficiency. The pattern types were initially divided into four categories: syndrome of meridian obstruction (43.33％), syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals (38.00％), syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency (12.00％), and syndrome of kidney essence deficiency (6.67％). The pattern elements of the disease nature of hip osteoarthritis include phlegm (dampness), blood stasis, qi deficiency, essence deficiency, yang deficiency, and cold (dampness). The pattern types were preliminarily divided into five categories: syndrome of spleen and kidney deficiency (37.50％), syndrome of meridian obstruction (26.87％), syndrome of cold and dampness obstruction (18.75％), syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstruction (9.38％), and syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency (7.50％). The pattern elements of the disease nature of hip rheumatoid arthritis include phlegm (dampness), blood stasis, qi deficiency, yin and yang deficiency, cold (dampness), and essence deficiency. The pattern types were preliminarily divided into four categories: syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis obstruction (34.00％), syndrome of cold and dampness obstruction (28.00％), syndrome of blood stasis blocking collaterals (23.00％), and syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency (15.00％). Overall, the top five pattern manifestations of the three kinds of hip joint diseases were hip joint pain (96.59％), tenderness (93.90％), fixed pain (87.56％), heavy joints (85.37％), and sourness of lower limbs (75.37％). The pattern elements of the disease nature include phlegm (dampness), blood stasis, qi deficiency, etc. The pattern types were preliminarily divided into five categories: syndrome of phlegm stasis blocking collaterals (33.17％), syndrome of meridian obstruction (31.95％), syndrome of cold dampness obstruction (21.46％), syndrome of liver and kidney deficiency (7.32％), and syndrome of spleen and kidney deficiency (6.10％). There were 21 similar pattern manifestations in the three kinds of early hip joint diseases, with blood stasis and spleen deficiency being the main pattern.Conclusion The common pattern characteristics of three kinds of early hip joint diseases are spleen deficiency and blood stasis. In addition, femoral head necrosis is accompanied with phlegm-dampness pattern, hip osteoarthritis is accompanied with kidney deficiency and phlegm-dampness pattern, hip rheumatoid arthritis is accompanied with kidney deficiency and cold-dampness pattern.

Objective To build a neural network based on the Unet infrastructure for recognition and segmentation of two-dimensional calcium imaging fluorescence images.Methods The in vivo miniaturized two-photon microscope(mTPM)was used for brain calcium imaging in freely moving mice.The imaging data was motion corrected using the NoRMCorre algorithm and processed using ImageJ software to obtain the original images after correction,and the labels were produced using the Labelme software.The neural network HDCGUnet was built using the original images and labels for training,and optimized to improve the model structure according to the training effect.Finally,the evaluation indexes were selected and compared with those of other models to verify the utility of this model.Results The HDCGUnet model,which was collected and made on our own,performed best in the two-photon calcium imaging dataset compared to other models,and performed well on the BBBC dataset either.Conclusion The HDCGUnet model provides a novel alternative for the recognition and segmentation of two-photon calcium imaging images.

Objective To evaluate the regulatory effects of psilocybin on social behavior of male C57BL/6J mice.Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with psilocybin(0.2,1 and 5 mg/kg,i.p.),and the effects of psilocybin on prosocial behavior were evaluated by the three-chamber test.Stressed mice undergoing chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)were given acute intraperitoneal injection of psilocybin(1 mg/kg)to evaluate the moderation of social novelty preference behavior using the modified two-chamber test.Results Intraperitoneal injection of psilocybin(1 mg/kg)promoted prosocial behavior and prolonged social time(P＜0.01),while intraperitoneal injection of psilocybin(0.2 mg/kg)had no apparent effect on the prosocial behavior of mice,and intraperitoneal injection of psilocybin(5 mg/kg)inhibited prosocial behavior before promoting it.Further studies showed that intraperitoneal injection of psilocybin(1 mg/kg)increased the social novelty exploration time in stressed mice undergoing CSDS.Conclusion This study shows that 1 mg/kg dose of psilocybin can promote the prosocial behavior in mice,and potentially ameliorate the deficit of social novelty preference behavior in CSDS mice.

Streptococcus parasuis(S.parasuis)is a close relative of S.suis and can cause meningi-tis,pneumonia or systemic symptoms in affected animals.In this paper,the dominant strain was i-solated from diseased pigs with pneumonia in Jilin,China,and the isolated strain was identified as S.parasuis by 16S rRNA,it was named WYF-8B.Resistance was tested by the susceptibility tablet diffusion method,and WYF-8B was resistant to bacitracin,sulfamethoxoprim,lincomycin,erythro-mycin,fosfamycin,azithromycin,penicillin,doxycycline,cotrimotrixazole,sulfamisoxazole,cipro-floxacin,enrofloxacin,tetracycline,benzoxacillin,gentamicin,efazolin,and ampicillin.It was highly sensitive to florfenicol,chloramphenicol.Iochemical identification revealed that WYF-8B could fer-ment salicylic acid,maltose,lactose,sucrose,oxaesin,and glucose;nonfermentable mannitol,urea,raffinose,xylose,arabinose,and sorbitol.Using the second-generation whole-genome sequencing technology to study the WYF-8B resistant genotype,it was found that it carried the macrolide anti-biotic resistance genes Mef(E)and ErmB;resistance genes pbp2b,pbp1a,and pbp2x to β-lactam antibiotics;resistance genes gyrA,parC,and grlB to fluoroquinolones;resistance genes ANT(6)-Ia,AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2')-Ia,ANT(9)-Ia,APH(3')-Ⅲa to aminoglycoside antibiotics;re-sistance groups lnuB,lmrC,lmrD against lincomide antibiotics;resistance gene tetM to tetracy-cline antibiotics;the resistance gene of bacitracin,bcrA.The results found that the resistance phe-notype matches the resistance genotype of the sequencing results.The study of WYF-8B virulence factors found that WYF-8B carried 13 virulence factors(pavA,fbp 54,clpP,cps 4,cps 4 I,wbtB,cps,sI,tufA,galE,hasC,groEL,wrbtL,wbbtF),which mainly acted to promote bacterial diffu-sion,transfer,settlement,antiphagocytosis and immune evasion.The results of drug sensitivity test provide a reference for the study of clinical medication of S.parasuis,and drug resistance pheno-type and virulence factors lay the foundation for the research and development of new drugs and vaccines.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of hybrid surgery for the recanalization of carotid artery occlusion after stenting.Methods Clinical data and results of 17 patients with occlusion after carotid artery stenting and treated with hybrid surgery from June 2016 to April 2023 at the Department of Neurosurgery Cerebral Blood Flow Reconstruction Center of Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether the recanalization was successful,17 patients were divided into the the successful recanalization group and the failed recanalization group.Successful recanalization was defined as achieving modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction(mTICI)grade ≥2b and residual stenosis＜50％.Baseline data(age,sex,body mass index,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,hypertension history,diabetes history,hyperlipidemia history,coronary heart disease history),clinical data(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale[NIHSS]score at admission,fasting blood glucose,low density lipoprotein,high density lipoprotein,total cholesterol,triglyceride,occlusion side and segment,combination with severe stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery,opening of the anterior communicating artery,opening of the posterior communicating artery,compensation of the external and internal carotid artery,compensation of the pia artery,stump morphology,and time from imaging diagnosis of occlusion to recanalization)were documented and compared between groups.The recanalization of occlusive vessels and perioperative complications were recorded.Imaging and clinical follow-up were performed 3,6 months and≥1 year after surgery.Results Among the 17 patients,the ratio of successful recanalization was 13/17.One patient had re-occlusion after operation,which was re-opened after thrombolysis,but neck hematoma with dyspnea occurred,and recovered after emergency operation.There was no postoperative stroke or death.The incidence of perioperative complications was 1/17.Compared with the successful recanalization group,the levels of high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol in the failed recanalization group were higher,and the differences between the groups were statistically significant(high density lipoprotein[1.3±0.3]mmol/L vs.[0.9±0.3]mmol/L,t=-2.139;total cholesterol:[4.2±0.8]mmol/L vs.[3.1±0.7]mmol/L,t=-2.649;both P＜0.05);There were no significant differences in other baseline data and clinical data(all P＞0.05).Imaging follow-up was completed in 9 of the 13 patients in the successful recanalization group,and the follow-up time was 3.8-36.9 months,with a median follow-up time of 22.8(12.8,34.7)months.Among them,1 patient(1/9)developed restenosis of recanalization vessels at 33.0 months after surgery and underwent stent implantation again.Conclusions The preliminary analysis showed that the occlusion after carotid artery stenting had better recanalization success and lower perioperative complications.In patients with chronic occlusion after carotid stenting,the application of a hybrid surgery for opening may be attempted under multimodal imaging assessment.