Linxian County in Henan Province, Northern China is known as the region with the highest incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer worldwide. Since 1959, the Henan medical team has conducted field work on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian. Through three generations of effort exerted by oncologists over 65 years of research on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this area has dropped by nearly 50%, and the 5-year survival rate has increased to 40%, reaching the international leading level. This article aims to summarize the history, present opportunities and new challenges, and explore the experience of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian (referred to as the “Linxian experience”), providing reference and guidance to cancer prevention and treatment research in China.

Talents are the main force for the development of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， and the construction of TCM talents and the reformation of talent evaluation system are essential to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. At present， we are still exploring and developing in the fields of the formulation， implementation and evaluation indicators of TCM talent evaluation system. However， there are shortcomings and difficulties. For instance， insufficient stratification in the evaluation， excessive emphasis on the quantity of achievements， neglecting the quality of the achievements and the actual contribution， imperfect assessment indicators， and the weak characteristics of TCM. Therefore， national ministries and commissions have jointly issued a document requesting to break the four only and set a new standard， in order to promote the construction of a scientific and technological talent evaluation system oriented by innovation value， ability and contribution. For the evaluation of TCM clinical talents， China Association for Science and Technology commissioned China Association of Chinese Medicine to build the China Clinical Cases Library of TCM（CCCL-TCM）， which aims at collecting the most authoritative and representative TCM clinical cases and exploring the advantages of applying clinical cases as masterpiece of achievement in TCM clinical talents evaluation. CCCL-TCM can promote the construction of a talent evaluation system that is more in line with the development characteristics of TCM industry， and to carry out relevant pilot in TCM colleges and institutions across the country in order to promote the reformation of TCM talent evaluation system.

Objective:To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT).Methods:A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ 2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results:A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment.Conclusion:ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and explore its possible action mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into treatment group（26 cases）and control group（24 cases）. The treatment group was given HBO combined with infliximab，while the control group was given infliximab alone. Both groups were treated for 30 weeks.Results:The comprehensive efficacy，infliximab response rate，and trough level of the maintenance period（from the 3rd to the 5th injection）in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group with statistically significant differences，respectively［92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.05；92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.01；（1.32±0.26）μg/ml vs.（0.74±0.22）μg/ml， P<0.01］；and the treatment group could significantly improve the levels of CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 +，reduce the levels of CD8 +，TNF-α，IL-6，and CRP（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:HBO combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis can significantly improve the response rate of infliximab and enhance the curative effect，which may be achieved by inhibiting the proliferation of T lymphocyte and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and explore its possible action mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into treatment group（26 cases）and control group（24 cases）. The treatment group was given HBO combined with infliximab，while the control group was given infliximab alone. Both groups were treated for 30 weeks.Results:The comprehensive efficacy，infliximab response rate，and trough level of the maintenance period（from the 3rd to the 5th injection）in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group with statistically significant differences，respectively［92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.05；92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.01；（1.32±0.26）μg/ml vs.（0.74±0.22）μg/ml， P<0.01］；and the treatment group could significantly improve the levels of CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 +，reduce the levels of CD8 +，TNF-α，IL-6，and CRP（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:HBO combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis can significantly improve the response rate of infliximab and enhance the curative effect，which may be achieved by inhibiting the proliferation of T lymphocyte and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.

Objective: To understand current situation and associated factors of brucellosis infection among students in Mongolian middle school in Abaga Banner, and to provide basis for further development of prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: Serological examinations were performed on pupils and middle school students in a Mongolian middle school in Abaga Banner. Questionnaire surveys were used to investigate students knowledge of eating behaviors related to brucellosis infection. Results: A total of 500 primary and middle school students were investigated, and 6 cases of brucellosis were confirmed, and the infection rate was 1.20%. There were 4 cases of male infection and 2 cases of female infection. The infection rate in boys (1.61%) was higher than that of girls (0.79%). Higher proportion was found in 14-year-old group (n=3), accounting for 17.40%. The residence period of 10-15 years includes 6 cases of all infected persons. The number of infections in Narenbaolige Town was 4, accounting for 23.40%. Univariate logistic regression analysis shows that frequent consumption of unsterilized dairy products, milking, processing lambs or slugs and infected cloth The disease was positively correlated (OR=11.80, 139.14, 8.02, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that milking was positively correlated with brucellosis infection(OR=20.19, 95%CI=2.01-202.74, P=0.01). Conclusion The brucellosis infection of Mongolian primary and middle school students in Abaga Banner is related to a variety of related dietary factors, and its prevention and treatment should be strengthened.

Objective:To observe and explore the clinical effect and mechanism of Tongxie Yaofang formula combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome.Methods:A total of 98 patients diagnosed as ulcerative colitis at the Department of Anorectal Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from March 2019 to September 2019 were selected as the research subjects and divided into observation group ( n=52) and control group ( n=46) according to treatment methods. The observation group was treated with Tongxie Yaofang formula combined with HBO, while the control group was treated with mesalazine sustained-release granules. The clinical efficacy and Mayo scores were evaluated after 28 days of treatment. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The contents of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins were detected by Western blotting. Fresh colon tissues before and after treatment were taken with biopsy forceps, and the contents of Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) and Phospho-Yes-associated protein 1 (PYap1) (Ser127) in colon tissue before and after treatment were detected by Western blotting. The healing of colonic mucosal edema and ulcer was observed by endoscope. The counts of neutrophilic granulocytes in the diffuse inflammatory infiltration of lamina propria of colonic mucosa, colonic mucosal surface ulcer, and crypt epithelium were observed microscopically before and after treatment. Results:After 28 days of treatment, the clinical effective rate in the observation group (80.8%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (60.9%) ( P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the Mayo scores after treatment were significantly lower in both groups ( P<0.05). The Mayo score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). After treatment, the colonic mucosal edema and ulcer were improved, and the conditions of the observation group were better than those of the control group. Pathological observations showed that the patients in the two groups, before treatment, had diffuse inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria of the colonic mucosa, irregular glands, destruction of the crypt epithelium, abscess, and surface ulcer. After treatment, the counts of neutrophilic granulocytes in the lamina propria and the crypt epithelium were significantly reduced, and the diffuse inflammatory infiltration turned into focal infiltration. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-17 in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-17 between the two groups after treatment ( P>0.05). The expressions of PTGS2 and Yap1 in colon tissues of the two groups were significantly down-regulated compared with those before treatment, and the expressions of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and PYap1 were up-regulated( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in PTGS2, Yap1, Bcl-2, and P-Yap1 levels between the two groups after treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Tongxie Yaofang formula combined with HBO in the treatment of UC with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome can achieve a better clinical remission rate than that of mesalazine sustained-release granule alone, and it more strengths in reducing the modified Mayo score, reducing the level of inflammatory factors, and effectively promoting mucosal ulcer healing.

Objective:To explore the application value of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system for TBS report in cervical cancer screening.Methods:A total of 16 317 clinical samples and related data of cervical liquid-based thin-layer cell smears, which were obtained from July 2020 to September 2020, were collected from Southern Hospital, Guangzhou Huayin Medical Inspection Center, Shenzhen Bao′an People′s Hospital(Group) and Changsha Yuan′an Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The TBS report artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system of cervical liquid-based thin-layer cytology jointly developed by Southern Medical University and Guangzhou F. Q. PATHOTECH Co., Ltd. based on deep learning convolution neural network was used to diagnose all clinical samples. The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of both artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system and cytologists using artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system were analyzed based on the evaluation standard(2014 TBS). The time spent by the two methods was also compared.Results:The sensitivity of artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system in predicting cervical intraepithelial lesions and other lesions (including endometrial cells detected in women over 45 years old and infectious lesions) under different production methods, different cytoplasmic staining and different scanning instruments was 92.90% and 83.55% respectively, and the specificity of negative samples was 87.02%, while that of cytologists using artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system was 99.34%, 97.79% and 99.10%, respectively. Moreover, cytologists using artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system could save about 6 times of reading time than manual.Conclusions:Artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system for TBS report of cervical liquid-based thin-layer cytology has the advantages of high sensitivity, high specificity and strong generalization. Cytologists can significantly improve the accuracy and work efficiency of reading smears by using artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis system.

Objective:To observe and explore the clinical effect and mechanism of Tongxie Yaofang formula combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome.Methods:A total of 98 patients diagnosed as ulcerative colitis at the Department of Anorectal Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from March 2019 to September 2019 were selected as the research subjects and divided into observation group ( n=52) and control group ( n=46) according to treatment methods. The observation group was treated with Tongxie Yaofang formula combined with HBO, while the control group was treated with mesalazine sustained-release granules. The clinical efficacy and Mayo scores were evaluated after 28 days of treatment. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The contents of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins were detected by Western blotting. Fresh colon tissues before and after treatment were taken with biopsy forceps, and the contents of Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) and Phospho-Yes-associated protein 1 (PYap1) (Ser127) in colon tissue before and after treatment were detected by Western blotting. The healing of colonic mucosal edema and ulcer was observed by endoscope. The counts of neutrophilic granulocytes in the diffuse inflammatory infiltration of lamina propria of colonic mucosa, colonic mucosal surface ulcer, and crypt epithelium were observed microscopically before and after treatment. Results:After 28 days of treatment, the clinical effective rate in the observation group (80.8%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (60.9%) ( P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the Mayo scores after treatment were significantly lower in both groups ( P<0.05). The Mayo score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). After treatment, the colonic mucosal edema and ulcer were improved, and the conditions of the observation group were better than those of the control group. Pathological observations showed that the patients in the two groups, before treatment, had diffuse inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria of the colonic mucosa, irregular glands, destruction of the crypt epithelium, abscess, and surface ulcer. After treatment, the counts of neutrophilic granulocytes in the lamina propria and the crypt epithelium were significantly reduced, and the diffuse inflammatory infiltration turned into focal infiltration. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-17 in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-17 between the two groups after treatment ( P>0.05). The expressions of PTGS2 and Yap1 in colon tissues of the two groups were significantly down-regulated compared with those before treatment, and the expressions of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and PYap1 were up-regulated( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in PTGS2, Yap1, Bcl-2, and P-Yap1 levels between the two groups after treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Tongxie Yaofang formula combined with HBO in the treatment of UC with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome can achieve a better clinical remission rate than that of mesalazine sustained-release granule alone, and it more strengths in reducing the modified Mayo score, reducing the level of inflammatory factors, and effectively promoting mucosal ulcer healing.

Objective:To explore the effects and related mechanisms of curcumin and resveratrol on macrophages of colon tissues in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice.Methods:Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into CON group, DSS group, DSS+Cur group, DSS+Res group, Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group. There were 10 mice in each group. CON group was the normal control group and received no treatment. UC model of mice was established by giving 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to drink freely for 7 days in other 5 groups. UC model of mice was simply established in DSS group. The gavage administrations of 0.4 ml curcumin and 0.4 ml resveratrol were performed every day in the mice of DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group respectively after establishing the UC model. The gavage administration of 0.4 ml mTOR inhibitor Everolimus was performed in Eve+Cur group after 0.4 ml curcumin gavage administration and also was performed in Eve+Res group after 0.4 ml resveratrol gavage administration every day. The mice were sacrificed after 7 days of administration. The macrophages of colon tissues were isolated and cultured in each group. The general conditions of the mice were observed and the DAI score was evaluated. In order to examine the effects of curcumin and resveratrol on macrophages, CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of macrophages. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of the autophagy-related factors LC3, Beclin-1 and Atg12. ELISA was used to detect the level of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in culture supernatants of macrophages. In order to explore the associated mechanism, ELISA was used to detect the influence of mTOR inhibitor Everolimus on IL-6 and TNF-α, fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of SIRT1/mTOR pathway-related factors mTOR and SIRT1 mRNA and protein.Results:No death was observed in all of the mice. Compared with CON group, the proliferative activity of macrophages was significantly higher, and the apoptosis rate decreased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3 increased significantly in DSS Group, DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS group, the proliferative activity was significantly lower, the apoptosis rate increased obviously, the mRNA and protein expressions of Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3 decreased significantly in DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with CON group, the DAI scores increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 decreased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly in DSS group, DSS+Cur group, DSS+Res group, Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS group, the DAI scores decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 increased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly in DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res Group, the DAI scores increased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 decreased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly in Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:Curcumin and resveratrol can inhibit the macrophages proliferation of colon tissues in UC mice, promote the apoptosis and inhibit the development of inflammation and autophagy, which may be regulated by SIRT1/mTOR pathway.