Currently,there is a paucity of efficacious treatments for acute kidney injury(AKI),and existing therapeutic ap-proaches primarily aim to mitigate symptoms and enhance patient outcomes.Platelets,a vital element of the circulatory system,are characterized by their abundance and multifaceted functions.Moreover,several studies have documented platelet infiltration within the kidneys during A KI,revealing elevated expression levels of platelet activation markers such as P-selectin,RANTES,and integrin α Ⅱ bβ3.This suggests that platelet activation occurs in A KI and may influence the progression of the disease.Furthermore,preliminary findings from both clinical and animal model studies indicate that antiplatelet therapy could re-duce tissue damage and protect renal function in AKI resulting from various etiologies.This review aims to elucidate the role of platelets in the pathophysiology of AKI by synthesizing current researches,while also investigating the potential of antiplatelet therapy as a novel approach for the management of AKI,thereby offering new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Objective To explore the medication patterns of the"phlegm-stasis co-treatment"in the treatment of stroke and the regulatory mechanisms of its key components.Methods The relevant literature on the treatment of stroke with intertwined phlegm and blood stasis pattern by traditional Chinese medicine in CNKI,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and VIP was collected.Excel 2019 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 were applied to statistically analyze the nature,taste,meridian tropism and frequency of the drugs included in the prescriptions.The Apriori algorithm was used to perform association rule analysis and cluster analysis.The potential mechanism of action of the core drug pair was explored by using the network pharmacology method.Results A total of 69 prescriptions involving 161 herbs with 902 cumulative frequency uses were included.The four natures were mainly warm,neutral and cold,the five flavors were mainly bitter,sweet and pungent.and channel tropism were mainly liver meridian and spleen meridian.The analysis of association rules indicates that there was a strong correlation among chuanxiong,Taoren,Dannanxing,Dilong,Honghua,Shichangpu and Fuling.The main active components of the drug combination were quercetin,gallic acid,baicalein and hederagenin.They can regulate signaling pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1,advanced glycation end product/advanced glycation end product receptor,nuclear factor κB,and mixed lineage kinase 3 by acting on genes such as STAT3,SRC,JUN,TP53,and MAPK1.Conclusion The core drugs of"phlegm-stasis co-treatment"method can act on multiple targets and pathways through components such as quercetin,gallic acid,baicalein and hederagenin,thereby exerting a therapeutic effect on stroke.

Currently,there is a paucity of efficacious treatments for acute kidney injury(AKI),and existing therapeutic ap-proaches primarily aim to mitigate symptoms and enhance patient outcomes.Platelets,a vital element of the circulatory system,are characterized by their abundance and multifaceted functions.Moreover,several studies have documented platelet infiltration within the kidneys during A KI,revealing elevated expression levels of platelet activation markers such as P-selectin,RANTES,and integrin α Ⅱ bβ3.This suggests that platelet activation occurs in A KI and may influence the progression of the disease.Furthermore,preliminary findings from both clinical and animal model studies indicate that antiplatelet therapy could re-duce tissue damage and protect renal function in AKI resulting from various etiologies.This review aims to elucidate the role of platelets in the pathophysiology of AKI by synthesizing current researches,while also investigating the potential of antiplatelet therapy as a novel approach for the management of AKI,thereby offering new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Objective To explore the medication patterns of the"phlegm-stasis co-treatment"in the treatment of stroke and the regulatory mechanisms of its key components.Methods The relevant literature on the treatment of stroke with intertwined phlegm and blood stasis pattern by traditional Chinese medicine in CNKI,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and VIP was collected.Excel 2019 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 were applied to statistically analyze the nature,taste,meridian tropism and frequency of the drugs included in the prescriptions.The Apriori algorithm was used to perform association rule analysis and cluster analysis.The potential mechanism of action of the core drug pair was explored by using the network pharmacology method.Results A total of 69 prescriptions involving 161 herbs with 902 cumulative frequency uses were included.The four natures were mainly warm,neutral and cold,the five flavors were mainly bitter,sweet and pungent.and channel tropism were mainly liver meridian and spleen meridian.The analysis of association rules indicates that there was a strong correlation among chuanxiong,Taoren,Dannanxing,Dilong,Honghua,Shichangpu and Fuling.The main active components of the drug combination were quercetin,gallic acid,baicalein and hederagenin.They can regulate signaling pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1,advanced glycation end product/advanced glycation end product receptor,nuclear factor κB,and mixed lineage kinase 3 by acting on genes such as STAT3,SRC,JUN,TP53,and MAPK1.Conclusion The core drugs of"phlegm-stasis co-treatment"method can act on multiple targets and pathways through components such as quercetin,gallic acid,baicalein and hederagenin,thereby exerting a therapeutic effect on stroke.

Objective:To determine the content of the released nickel ion through the 7 extraction media to extract the Ni-Ti wires and to plot the curve of the released nickel ion so as to identify a leaching medium that can be substituted for blood for in vitro Ni release evaluation. Methods:The release of Ni through microwave digestion/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the goat serum was determined. Because of the high content of Ni release, it could be determined by diluting the extraction medium, and other extraction media could be determined directly. Ni release standard curves were plotted by the release amount and different time point variables. Though the different extraction media Ni release curves confirm the specificity of extraction media instead of blood.Results:By analyzing the Ni release curves of seven leaching media, it was found that none of these seven extraction media was suitable for the evaluation of Ni release in in vitro leaching media. Considering the safety of the leaching medium and the simplicity of preparation, hydrochloric acid solution was chosen as the leaching medium, but the concentration needed to be diluted accordingly. Finally, a hydrochloric acid solution was created as an alternative to blood for the in vitro study of Ni release from Ni-Ti alloy cardiovascular products, with a volume fraction of 0.005%. Conclusions:The in vitro leaching medium that can replace blood was found to be hydrochloric acid for the time being, but its concentration was too high, resulting in too much Ni release as well, which deviated from the actual situation. Therefore, the hydrochloric acid solution was diluted step by step, and the Ni release curve was examined until it was close to the clinical release level, and the actual concentration was determined, thus laying a solid foundation for the subsequent evaluation of the safety and risk.

Objective To establish and interpret of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2025 Edition),to determine particulate matter in pharmaceutical packaging materials,and to provide further guidance and support for the later use of the standard.Methods By reviewing the existing problems in the use of Chinese pharmaceutical packaging materials standards(YBB standards)standards combined with the construction of new standard system for pharmaceutical packaging materials in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China,also about the validation data of the pharmaceutical packaging materials,the scope、testing methods、requirements and the experimental parameters of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China determination of particulate matter in pharmaceutical packaging materials are studied and interpreted in detail.Results Compared with the current YBB standard,the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China-determination of particulate matter in pharmaceutical packaging materials has solved the problems of incomplete application scope and unreasonable requirements and parameters in the YBB standard.Conclusion The content of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2025 Edition)determination of the particulate matter in drug packaging materials method is more scientific、applicable and operable.This method can standardize the determination of a particulate matter in drug packaging materials and can also play a supporting role in the construction of the standard system to promote industrial development.

Objective To express the monkeypox virus (MPXV) A23R protein in Escherichia coli and purify by Ni-NTA affinity column, and to prepare mouse antiserum against MPXV A23R. Methods The recombinant plasmid pET-28a-MPXV-A23R was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 to induce the expression of A23R protein. After optimizing the conditions of expression, A23R protein was highly expressed. Recombinant A23R protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity column and identified by Western blot analysis. The purified protein was used to immunize mice for preparing the A23R polyclonal antibody, and the antibody titer was detected by ELISA. Results The expression of A23R recombinant protein reached the peak under the induced conditions of 0.6 mmol/L isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), 37 DegreesCelsius and 20 hours. The purity of the protein was about 96.07% and was identified by Western blot analysis. The mice were immunized with recombinant protein, and the titer of antibody reached 1:102 400 at the 6th week after immunization. Conclusion MPXV A23R is expressed highly and purified with a high purity and its antiserum from mouse is obtained with a high titre.
Animals ; Mice ; Monkeypox virus ; Antibodies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Blotting, Western ; Recombinant Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics*

Sampling inspection by attributes is one of the most popular means for quality control of medical devices, and has widespread application in the process of production and supervision. GB/T 2828 series standards list different types of sampling procedures for inspection by attributes. This study introduced GB/T 2828 series standards and how to design and index the sampling schemes under different scenarios. At the same time, it also provided suggestions on how to balance accuracy and economy, which can provide guidance the application of medical devices manufactures and regulatory departments.
Commerce ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards

Chronic high-salt diet-associated renal injury is a key risk factor for the development of hypertension. However, the mechanism by which salt triggers kidney damage is poorly understood. Our study investigated how high salt (HS) intake triggers early renal injury by considering the ‘gut-kidney axis’. We fed mice 2% NaCl in drinking water continuously for 8 weeks to induce early renal injury. We found that the ‘quantitative’ and ‘qualitative’ levels of the intestinal microflora were significantly altered after chronic HS feeding, which indicated the occurrence of enteric dysbiosis. In addition, intestinal immunological gene expression was impaired in mice with HS intake. Gut permeability elevation and enteric bacterial translocation into the kidney were detected after chronic HS feeding. Gut bacteria depletion by non-absorbable antibiotic administration restored HS loading-induced gut leakiness, renal injury and systolic blood pressure elevation. The fecal microbiota from mice fed chronic HS could independently cause gut leakiness and renal injury. Our current work provides a novel insight into the mechanism of HS-induced renal injury by investigating the role of the intestine with enteric bacteria and gut permeability and clearly illustrates that chronic HS loading elicited renal injury and dysfunction that was dependent on the intestine.
Animals ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Translocation ; Blood Pressure ; Drinking Water ; Dysbiosis ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gene Expression ; Hypertension ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Mice* ; Microbiota ; Permeability ; Risk Factors

Objective To explore the mechanisms underlying supraliminal and subliminal N-back task in the children with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Thirty-five ADHD children and thirty-three matched normal controls were enrolled.Working memory was measured with the different reaction time of N-back task.Results The error number of the subliminal 2-back task in ADHD group ((4.49± 1.20) times) was worse than that of the healthy controls ((3.79±-1.14) times), and the difference was significant(t=-2.459, P=0.017).In ADHD group,the error number of 1-back task and reaction time of 2-back task in subliminal task ((4.77±1.09) times, (1 447.49±271.35) ms) were worse than those of supraliminal task ((3.09± 1.63) times, (1 315.48±229.63) ms), and the difference was significant between the two tasks (t=4.755, P=0.000;t=-2.281, P=0.029).But there were no significant findings in healthy controls(P＞0.05).Conclusion The present study suggests that the working memory is impaired in ADHD children.