Linxian County in Henan Province, Northern China is known as the region with the highest incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer worldwide. Since 1959, the Henan medical team has conducted field work on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian. Through three generations of effort exerted by oncologists over 65 years of research on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this area has dropped by nearly 50%, and the 5-year survival rate has increased to 40%, reaching the international leading level. This article aims to summarize the history, present opportunities and new challenges, and explore the experience of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian (referred to as the “Linxian experience”), providing reference and guidance to cancer prevention and treatment research in China.

Objective:To investigate the imaging characteristics of fibrous dysplasia(FD) in children with McCune-Albright syndrome(MAS) and the correlation between FD severity and bone metabolism markers, so as to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 46 children(38 females and 8 males) with MAS with FD who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2010 to December 2016 were included in the retrospective study, and all of them met the diagnostic criteria for either the MAS triad or dual manifestations. The extent and characteristics of FD lesions were evaluated by imaging analysis(X-ray and CT). The distribution of café-au-lait spots and endocrine abnormalities were recorded. The serum bone metabolism levels [total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide(TP1NP), osteocalcin, β-C-terminal telopeptide(β-CTX), alkaline phosphatase(ALP)], and other related indicators such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and fibroblast growth factor(FGF23) levels were detected, and the association between FD severity and indicators was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis.Results:Among the 46 children, there were 24 cases of triad(FD+ café-au-lait spots + precocious puberty) and 22 cases of dual manifestations(11 cases of FD+ café-au-lait spots or precocious puberty). The age of onset of FD patients(24 cases) with bilateral long bones and skull FD was significantly earlier than that in the unilateral FD group [(3.33±1.34)years vs(5.26±2.34)years, P<0.01], and all of them had extensive café-au-lait spots across the midline. Polyostotic FD accounted for 71.7%(33/46), mainly cystic expansive lesions involving the femur(30 cases) and tibia(24 cases), and skull FD(25 cases) mostly showed ground-glass changes; Monostotic FD(13 cases) was more common in the skull(5 cases) and phalanges(5 cases). FD severity was significantly positively correlated with ALP( ρ=0.554, P=0.002), and negatively correlated with serum phosphorus( ρ=-0.522, P=0.006). All 6 children with severe fractures had FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia [(1.03±0.12) mmol/L vs control(1.52±0.15) mmol/L, P=0.003]. Conclusions:Extensive café-au-lait spots(across the midline) in children with MAS are strongly associated with early-onset polyostotic FD; FD severity was strongly associated with bone turnover markers(TP1NP, β-CTX, ALP) and FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia. Early comprehensive skeletal assessment and regular FGF23 monitoring are recommended for children with MAS presenting with extensive cutaneous café-au-lait spots.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of the preparation of Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medik(Jiahua Tablet)against acute radiation-induced myocardial injury,based on myo-cardial injury markers(sST2,cTnI)and oxidative stress damage-related indicators(SOD,MDA),and to provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced heart disease(RIHD).Methods Sixty-nine patients with thoracic malignant tumor who received radiotherapy at the department of radiation oncology in Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from December 2023 to November 2024 were enrolled in the study.Participants were randomly divided into control group(n=38)and observation group(n=31).The control group received standard radiotherapy in conjunction with conventional medications for RIHD,while the observation group was additionally administered Jiahua Tablet alongside the same regimen.Both groups took medications continuously for 1 month.Changes in serum levels of sST2,cTnI,SOD,and MDA were compared between the two groups 3 days prior to radiotherapy and 7 days after radiological therapy.Results On day 7 post-radiotherapy,the levels of sST2 and cTnI in the control group were highly elevated,showing statistically significant difference(P<0.01).In contrast,the levels of sST2 and cTnI in the observation group showed only mild elevation,and no statistically significant difference was observed(P>0.05).Between-group analysis demonstrated that post-treatment sST2 and cTnI levels in the observation group were substantially lower compared to those in the control group,indicating statistically significant difference(P<0.05).After treatment,SOD level in the control group was considerably lower compared to its pre-treatment level,and marked statistical significance was observed(P<0.01).SOD level in the observation group demonstrated a downward trend compared to baseline value,indicating no statistical significance(P>0.05).Between-group analysis demonstrated that post-treatment SOD level in the observation group was substantially elevated compared to that in the control group,indicating a highly significant disparity(P<0.05).After treatment,MDA level in the control group was considerably higher compared to its pre-treatment level,and a marked statistical significance was observed(P<0.05),whereas MDA level in the observation group showed only a mild increase compared to baseline value,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Between-group analysis demonstrated that post-treatment MDA level in the observation group was substantially lower compared to that in the control group,demonstrating a remarkably statistically significant difference(P<0.01).Conclusion The preparation of Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medik(Jiahua Tablet)effectively inhibits acute radiation-induced myocardial injury,with its potential mechanism closely linked to the suppression of oxidative stress responses.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of the preparation of Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medik(Jiahua Tablet)against acute radiation-induced myocardial injury,based on myo-cardial injury markers(sST2,cTnI)and oxidative stress damage-related indicators(SOD,MDA),and to provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced heart disease(RIHD).Methods Sixty-nine patients with thoracic malignant tumor who received radiotherapy at the department of radiation oncology in Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from December 2023 to November 2024 were enrolled in the study.Participants were randomly divided into control group(n=38)and observation group(n=31).The control group received standard radiotherapy in conjunction with conventional medications for RIHD,while the observation group was additionally administered Jiahua Tablet alongside the same regimen.Both groups took medications continuously for 1 month.Changes in serum levels of sST2,cTnI,SOD,and MDA were compared between the two groups 3 days prior to radiotherapy and 7 days after radiological therapy.Results On day 7 post-radiotherapy,the levels of sST2 and cTnI in the control group were highly elevated,showing statistically significant difference(P<0.01).In contrast,the levels of sST2 and cTnI in the observation group showed only mild elevation,and no statistically significant difference was observed(P>0.05).Between-group analysis demonstrated that post-treatment sST2 and cTnI levels in the observation group were substantially lower compared to those in the control group,indicating statistically significant difference(P<0.05).After treatment,SOD level in the control group was considerably lower compared to its pre-treatment level,and marked statistical significance was observed(P<0.01).SOD level in the observation group demonstrated a downward trend compared to baseline value,indicating no statistical significance(P>0.05).Between-group analysis demonstrated that post-treatment SOD level in the observation group was substantially elevated compared to that in the control group,indicating a highly significant disparity(P<0.05).After treatment,MDA level in the control group was considerably higher compared to its pre-treatment level,and a marked statistical significance was observed(P<0.05),whereas MDA level in the observation group showed only a mild increase compared to baseline value,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Between-group analysis demonstrated that post-treatment MDA level in the observation group was substantially lower compared to that in the control group,demonstrating a remarkably statistically significant difference(P<0.01).Conclusion The preparation of Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medik(Jiahua Tablet)effectively inhibits acute radiation-induced myocardial injury,with its potential mechanism closely linked to the suppression of oxidative stress responses.

Objective:To investigate the imaging characteristics of fibrous dysplasia(FD) in children with McCune-Albright syndrome(MAS) and the correlation between FD severity and bone metabolism markers, so as to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A total of 46 children(38 females and 8 males) with MAS with FD who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2010 to December 2016 were included in the retrospective study, and all of them met the diagnostic criteria for either the MAS triad or dual manifestations. The extent and characteristics of FD lesions were evaluated by imaging analysis(X-ray and CT). The distribution of café-au-lait spots and endocrine abnormalities were recorded. The serum bone metabolism levels [total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide(TP1NP), osteocalcin, β-C-terminal telopeptide(β-CTX), alkaline phosphatase(ALP)], and other related indicators such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and fibroblast growth factor(FGF23) levels were detected, and the association between FD severity and indicators was evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis.Results:Among the 46 children, there were 24 cases of triad(FD+ café-au-lait spots + precocious puberty) and 22 cases of dual manifestations(11 cases of FD+ café-au-lait spots or precocious puberty). The age of onset of FD patients(24 cases) with bilateral long bones and skull FD was significantly earlier than that in the unilateral FD group [(3.33±1.34)years vs(5.26±2.34)years, P<0.01], and all of them had extensive café-au-lait spots across the midline. Polyostotic FD accounted for 71.7%(33/46), mainly cystic expansive lesions involving the femur(30 cases) and tibia(24 cases), and skull FD(25 cases) mostly showed ground-glass changes; Monostotic FD(13 cases) was more common in the skull(5 cases) and phalanges(5 cases). FD severity was significantly positively correlated with ALP( ρ=0.554, P=0.002), and negatively correlated with serum phosphorus( ρ=-0.522, P=0.006). All 6 children with severe fractures had FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia [(1.03±0.12) mmol/L vs control(1.52±0.15) mmol/L, P=0.003]. Conclusions:Extensive café-au-lait spots(across the midline) in children with MAS are strongly associated with early-onset polyostotic FD; FD severity was strongly associated with bone turnover markers(TP1NP, β-CTX, ALP) and FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia. Early comprehensive skeletal assessment and regular FGF23 monitoring are recommended for children with MAS presenting with extensive cutaneous café-au-lait spots.

Objective To explore the correlation of serum levels of ADAMTS-4 and aβ2-GP1 anti-body with WML in elderly patients with ACI.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 200 elderly ACI patients admitted in Department of Neurology of from January 2022 to January 2024.Based on Fazekas scoring,they were categorized into the control group(n=32),mild group(n=96),moderate group(n=49),and severe group(n=23).Their neurological function and ser-um levels of ADAMTS-4 and aβ2-GP1 were compared among the different groups.Results The NIHSS score and serum levels of ADAMTS-4 and aβ2-GP1 were significantly higher in the severe group than the moderate group,mild group and control group in order,and statistical difference were observed among them(P＜0.05).Serum ADAMTS-4 and aβ2-GP1 levels were significantly positively correlated with the severity of WML(P＜0.05).Serum ADAMTS-4 and anti-β2-GP1 were influencing factors for the occurrence of WML in elderly ACI patients(OR=2.149,95％CI:1.375-3.360,P=0.001;OR=1.702,95％CI:1.185-2.446,P=0.004).Conclusion The levels of serum ADAMTS-4 and aβ2-GP1 are closely related to the severity of WML and nerve damage in elderly ACI patients.

Objective:To investigate the effects of poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1) inhibitor fluzoparib on proliferation, apoptosis and migration of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells.Methods:PANC1 cells cultured in conventional culture medium were used as control group, and PANC1 cells cultured in the medium containing fluzoparib were used as fluzoparib group. The effects of fluzoparib with different concentrations on the proliferation of PANC1 cells were detected by CCK8 method, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of fluzoparib on PANC1 cells was calculated. The effect of fluzoparib on apoptosis and cell cycle of PANC1 cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the migration ability of PANC1 cells was detected by cell scratch test and Transwell chamber. Results:Compared with control group, with the increase of fluzoparib concentration and the prolongation of the action time, the cell proliferation activity of PANC1 in fluzoparib group was significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). IC 50 of fluzoparib on PANC1 cells cultured for 24 h was 0.03 mmol/L. After 24 h culture, the IC 50 apoptosis rate of fluzoparib group was (32.19±2.48)%, and the apoptosis rate of control group was (21.99±6.30)%. The former was greatly higher than the latter, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The proportion of cells in G 2/M phase was (16.28±0.62)% in the fluzoparib group and (11.64±0.88)% in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The migration rates of PANC1 cells in IC 50 fluzoparib group in 12 h and 24 h culture were (2.59±1.46)% and (19.76±7.84)%; and those in control group were (27.08±2.17)% and (45.92±3.61)%, respectively. The number of transmembrane cells was (348±19) cells/10 visual field in the fluzoparib group and (587±14) cells/10 visual field in the control group. The migration ability of PANC1 cells in fluzoparib group was significantly lower than that in control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Fluzoparib can inhibit the proliferation and migration of PANC1 cells and promote the apoptosis of PANC1 in vitro, which may be an effective drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT).Methods:A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ 2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results:A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment.Conclusion:ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.

Objective To compare drying methods for dental handpiece,and to provide references and guidance for choosing appropriate handpiece drying methods.Methods Four groups were established according to different methods of drying:vacuum drying,compressed air dryer drying,entire automatic hot cleaner drying,and sterilizing machine drying.Four types (with 50 in each type)of handpieces with the same brand were selected:low-speed straight (EX-6C),low-speed bender (NAC-EC),high speed turbine fast handset,and high speed turbine four hole handset.After cleaning and disinfection,each handpiece was subjected to the aforementioned four drying methods,and the mass was recorded before and after drying.SPSS software was used to calculate and compare the drying rate among these drying methods by analysis of variance.Results There were significant differences in the drying rate among four drying methods(P＜0.01).The drying efficiency with vacuum drying was higher than the other three methods.The mean drying efficiency for four types of dentistry handset with vacuum drying method were as follows:low-speed straight(EX-6C)69.93％,low-speed bender(NAC-EC)93.21％,high speed turbine fast handset 92.70％,and high speed turbine four hole handset 94.27％.Conclusion The drying efficiency of vacuum drying method for handset is superior to the other three drying methods.

Objective To investigate the changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte function in the children patients with acute phase of Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP),and to explore its significance in the diagnosis and therapy of HSP.Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,CD19+ and NK cells(CD16++ CD56+) were detected in 51 children patients with acute phase of HSP and 40 children undergoing physical examination by flow cytometry(FCM Results Compared with the control group,the counts of peripheral blood CD4+,CD4+/ CD8+and NK cells CD16++ CD56+) in the acute stage of the HSP group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the proportions of CD8+ and CD19+cells were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion The immunity dysfunction exists in the children patients with acute phase of HSP.The peripheral blood lymphocyte function detection has an important significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of HSP.