ObjectiveTo compare the differences between wild Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（WAOF） and cultivated Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（CAOF） through a traditional quality evaluation system for medicinal materials. MethodsA total of 10 batches of WAOF and 12 batches of CAOF samples were collected from various regions of Hainan province. Relevant analytical methods from the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China were employed to observe the characteristics of WAOF and CAOF， followed by microscopic identification， thin-layer chromatography（TLC） identification， moisture content（toluene method）， total ash， acid-insoluble ash， water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts（hot dipping method）， water-soluble protein， total polysaccharides and total flavonoids（ultraviolet spectrophotometry）， and volatile oil content（method A under general rule 2204）. The contents of five active components（protocatechuic acid， chrysin， kaempferol， tectochrysin and nootkatone） were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the antioxidant activity was evaluated. Building upon traditional quality evaluation of AOF， quantitative measurements were conducted on its appearance traits including diameter， length， plumpness（diameter/length ratio）， and color. Canonical correlation analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 to explore relationships between appearance traits and intrinsic quality. ResultsNo significant differences were observed between WAOF and CAOF in microscopic observation， TLC identification， moisture content， protocatechuic acid content， kaempferol content， odor， or antioxidant activity measured by 2，2ʹ-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） method. WAOF exhibited significantly higher levels in water-soluble extracts， alcohol-soluble extracts， total polysaccharide content， water-soluble protein content， 100-grain weight， length， and total color difference（ΔE^*ab） compared to CAOF（P<0.01）. In contrast， CAOF showed significantly higher levels of total ash， acid-insoluble ash， content of total flavonoids， volatile oil content， chrysin content， tectochrysin content， nootkatone content， diameter， plumpness， lightness（L^*）， red-green chromaticity（a^*）， yellow-blue chromaticity（b^*）， and antioxidant activity measured by 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） method compared to WAOF（P<0.01）. Correlation analysis between 7 phenotypic traits and 8 quality traits revealed that among the phenotypic traits， plumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* exerted significant influence on intrinsic quality. Among the quality traits， total flavonoids， volatile oils， nootkatone， chrysin， and tectochrysin contributed substantially to intrinsic quality. ConclusionPlumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* of AOF significantly influence its intrinsic quality， and higher values of these parameters indicate relatively superior intrinsic quality. The comprehensive quality evaluation reveals that CAOF samples collected in this study are superior to their wild counterparts.

Through consulting herbal medicine， medical books， and local chronicles from past dynasties to modern times， this paper systematically researched Spatholobi Caulis from name， origin， producing areas， harvesting， processing， usage， quality evaluation， functions and indications， providing a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Spatholobi Caulis. According to the research， Spatholobi Caulis was first recorded in the Annals of Shunning Prefecture from the Qing dynasty. It was originally a medicinal herb commonly used in Shunning， Yunnan， and was named from the red juice resembling chicken blood that flowed out after the vein was cut off. The mainstream original plants of each dynasty were Kadsura heteroclita and Spatholobus suberectus. Among them， K. heteroclita mainly focused on dispersing blood stasis and unblocking meridians， mainly treating rheumatic pain and injuries caused by falls or blows， and it is mostly used as the raw material of Jixueteng ointments. S. suberectus was commonly used as decoction pieces in decoction， which had the functions of promoting blood circulation and replenishing blood， activating meridians and collaterals， and mainly used for treating anemia， irregular menstruation， and rheumatic bone pain. The production area of Spatholobi Caulis recorded in the Qing dynasty was Yunnan. Currently， the main production area of S. suberectus is Guangxi， while the main production area of K. interior is Yunnan. In the Qing dynasty， the usage of Spatholobi Caulis was an individual prescription with other herbs before making ointments， which was usually composed of the juice of it， safflower， angelica， and glutinous rice. But in modern times， Spatholobi Caulis is mostly sliced and dried for use. The quality of Spatholobi Caulis is often determined by the number of reddish-brown concentric circles on the cut surface， with a higher number indicating better quality. Additionally， the presence of resinous secretions is also considered desirable. Based on the research findings， it is suggested that when developing famous classical formulas containing Spatholobi Caulis， the choice of the primary source should be S. suberectus or K. heteroclita， taking into consideration the therapeutic effects of the formula. It is also recommended that the latest plant classification be referenced in the next edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， adjusting the primary source of Kadsurae Caulis to K. heteroclita to avoid confusion caused by inconsistent original names， and the functions adjust to promote Qi circulation and relieve pain， disperse blood stasis and unblock collaterals， treating injuries caused by falls and bruises.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Qinggan Bupi Jiangtang Decoction combined with acupuncture on glucose and lipid metabolism and cytokines in patients with overweight/obese T2DM.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 104 patient with overweight/obese T2DM who were admitted to the Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into the control group (52 cases) and the combination group (52 cases). The control group was given conventional symptomatic treatment and treated with acupuncture. On this basis, the combination group was treated with Qinggan Bupi Jiangtang Decoction. The two groups were compared in terms of efficacy, TCM syndrome scores, glucose metabolism indicators, islet function indicators, lipid metabolism indicators, cytokines, and blood glucose control. Results:The total effective rate was 90.38% (47/52) in the combined group and 73.08% (38/52) in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=5.22, P=0.022). After treatment, the TCM syndrome score (13.21±1.48 vs. 18.54±2.01, t=15.40) of the combination group was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.001). After treatment, the combination group FPG [(6.05 ± 1.01) mmol/L vs. (7.26 ± 1.13) mmol/L, t=5.73], 2 hPG [(8.23 ± 1.12) mmol/L vs. (10.41 ± 1.26) mmol/L, t=9.54], HbAlc [(5.84 ± 0.84) % vs. (6.31 ± 0.93) %, t=2.84] and HOMA-IR (2.57 ± 0.26 vs. 2.86 ± 0.30, t=3.75) were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05), and HOMA-β (61.34 ± 6.75 vs. 56.69 ± 5.72, t=5.87) was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). After treatment, the combination group TC, TG and LDL-C were lower than those in the control group ( t values were 10.25, 5.35, 3.51, respectively, P<0.01), HDL-C was higher than that of the control group ( t=11.59, P<0.01). After treatment, the combination group CTRP12 [(296.05 ± 30.11) ng/L vs. (280.23 ± 28.44) ng/L, t=2.76], FGF-21 [(184.12 ± 19.05) μg/L vs. (170.04 ± 17.03) μg/L, t=2.77], Nesfatin1 [(0.92 ± 0.10) μg/L vs. (0.77±0.08) μg/L, t=5.99] and lipidin levels [(4.89±0.51) mg/L vs. (4.12±0.48) mg/L, t=8.58] were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The combined group composite endpoint achievement rate was 53.85% (28/52), the 12-week HbA1c achievement rate was 80.77% (42/52), and the rate of no weight increase was 84.62% (44/52). The control group's composite endpoint achievement rate was 34.62% (18/52), the 12-week HbA1c achievement rate was 61.54% (32/52), and the rate of no weight increase was 67.31% (35/52). The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 3.90, 4.69, 4.27, respectively, and the P values were 0.048, 0.030, 0.039, respectively). The adverse reactions of the two groups were mainly mild nausea, skin rash and pruritus, the incidence of which was 15.38% (8/52) in the combination group and 9.62% (5/52) in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.79, P=0.374). Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of Qinggan Bupi Jiangtang Decoction combined with acupuncture on overweight/obese T2DM patients is relatively clear, and it can regulate the glucose and lipid metabolism and cytokines of patients.

Objective:To investigate the effects of external application of Sanying Plaster on the size of thyroid nodules and the states of depression and anxiety in patients with benign thyroid nodules.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 120 patients with benign thyroid nodules from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Thyroid Diseases at Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from June to December 2022 were selected as the subjects of the study. They were divided into two groups using the random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. The control group received lifestyle intervention treatment, while the treatment group received Sanying Ointment in addition to the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for 3 months. TCM syndrome scores were measured before and after treatment; the maximum diameter of thyroid nodules was measured using a color Doppler ultrasound transverse section; the quality of life was assessed using the short form 36 (SF-36); the degree of anxiety and depression was evaluated using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS); adverse reactions during the treatment period were recorded, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:During the treatment period, 4 cases in the treatment group and 3 cases in the control group did not complete the treatment. Finally, 56 cases in the treatment group and 57 cases in the control group entered the efficacy evaluation. The total effective rate of the treatment group was 71.4% (40/56), and that of the control group was 14.0% (8/57), with a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=26.82, P<0.001). After treatment, the TCM syndrome score of the treatment group (10.02±3.65 vs. 16.65±3.44, t=-10.24) was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.001); the maximum diameter of thyroid nodules [11.00 (4.65, 19.93) mm vs. 15.00 (7.15, 28.50) mm, Z=-2.43] was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05); the SF-36 score [121.83 (117.00, 130.00) vs. 114.42 (104.25, 127.50), Z=-2.62] was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01); the SDS (46.72±4.59 vs. 57.02±5.99, t=14.80) and SAS (42.25±5.72 vs. 50.60±7.12, t=10.04) scores were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.001). The incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment period in the treatment group was 3.5% (2/57), and no adverse reactions occurred in the control group. Conclusion:The external application of Sanying Ointment helps to reduce the size of thyroid nodules in patients with benign thyroid nodules, improve the quality of life and anxiety and depression, and increase clinical efficacy with good safety.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Qinggan Bupi Jiangtang Decoction combined with western medicine in the treatment of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with with liver hyperactivity and spleen deficiency syndrome.Methods:Prospective cohort study. A total of 103 T2DM patients with liver hyperactivity and spleen deficiency syndrome in the Department of endocrinology of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2020 to February 2021 were randomly divided into the observation group (52 cases) and the control group (51 cases) according to random number table method. Both groups were treated with conventional western medicine, the control group was treated with sitagliptin phosphate on the basis of routine treatment, and the observation group was treated with Qinggan Bupi Jiangtang Decoction on the basis of routine treatment. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. TCM symptom scores were performed before and after treatment. The FPG, 2hPBG, HbA1c and fasting insulin (FINS) were detected by dry chemistry method and Roche electroluminescence method, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by dynamic blood glucose monitoring indexes TIR (percentage of time when glucose was in the range of 3.9-10.0 mmol/L), TAR (percentage of time when glucose was higher than the target range ≥ 11.1 mmol/L) and TBR (percentage of time when glucose was lower than the target range <3.9 mmol/L).Results:The total effective rate was 92.3% (48/52) in the observation group and 56.9% (29/51) in the control group ( χ2=15.32, P<0.01). The score of TCM syndrome in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=6.30, P<0.01). The compliance rate of HbA1c in the observation group was 46.2% (24/52) and that of the control group was 23.5% (12/51). There was significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=5.80, P=0.016). Compared with the groups before treatment, MAGE, TAR, TBR significantly decreased and TIR significantly increased in both groups after treatment ( P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment ( t values were 0.78, 1.06, 0.22 and 1.45, respectively, P>0.05). Compared with the groups before treatment, the levels of FPG, 2 hPBG and HbA1c in the two groups significantly decreased after treatment ( P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment ( t values were 1.32, 0.18,1.50, respectively, P>0.05). Compared with the groups before treatment, the levels of FINS and HOMA-IR in the two groups significantly decreased after treatment ( P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment ( t values were 1.25, 0.51, respectively, P>0.05). There were no adverse reactions in the observation group, 2 cases of mild nausea and 1 case of transient diarrhea in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=3.15, P=0.118). Conclusion:Qinggan Bupi Jiangtang Decoction combined with routine treatment can improve the blood glucose level, TIR and blood glucose standard rates of adult T2DM with liver hyperactivity and spleen deficiency syndrome, and the curative effect is equivalent to sitagliptin phosphate tablets.

By reviewing ancient materia medica， medical books， prescription books and modern literature， this paper conducted a systematic research on name， origin， medicinal parts， producing area， quality， harvesting and processing methods， functions and toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix（PMR） and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis（PMC） in famous classical formulas. It was found that the name of Heshouwu was first found in the Biography of Heshouwu and originated from its discoverer， and then still in use today. Since the Song dynasty， Heshouwu has been included in the materia medica with Fallopia multiflora as the mainstream origin. Since the Ming dynasty， in addition to F. multiflora， Cynanchum bungei， C. wilfordii， C. auriculatum have been used as the origin of Heshouwu. Heshouwu is widely distributed， the production areas recorded in ancient times are mainly Luchuan， Guangxi and Ganzhou， Jiangxi， and in modern times， Deqing， Guangdong and other places are respected as the geo-authentic habitats. Its origin processing is mostly dug out， washed， sliced and dried in the sun. Modern literature concludes that the quality of PMR is better in terms of weight， solid quality and powder， while PMC is better in terms of uniformity and purplish-red skin. In the Qing dynasty and before that， it was recorded in the materia medica that PMR was harvested mainly in late spring， mid-summer and early autumn， in modern times， it was harvested mainly in spring and autumn， while PMC was harvested in autumn. In Song dynasty， the processing method of PMR was mainly soaked with rice-washed water， the Ming dynasty for black bean steaming method， the Qing dynasty for steaming followed by black bean juice maceration， while in modern times， it is mostly sliced and steamed with black bean juice and yellow rice wine until the juice is absorbed. PMC is prepared by removing impurities， washing or moistening， and cutting into sections to dry. During the five dynasties， PMR was used to treat infertility as well as gastrointestinal diseases and blood in the stool caused by wind chill， and during the Song dynasty， it was mostly used raw products for the treatment of scrofula and carbuncles， and in the Yuan and Ming dynasties， raw and processed products were used， and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata was used to treat hemorrhoids， waist and knee soreness. PMC is mainly used for treating insomnia， fatigue and sweating， wind sores and scabies， etc. In the Song dynasty， the ancients considered that PMR was non-toxic， but its toxicity was gradually discovered after the Ming dynasty， and the toxicity mechanism has not been clearly analyzed yet. Based on the results of the textual research， it is recommended that F. multiflora be used as the base for development of famous classical formulas containing PMR， and from the safety perspective， it is recommended to use raw products with caution， oral administration must be used processed products. PMC is recommended to use raw products.

By reviewing ancient materia medica， medical books and modern literature， the name， origin， quality evaluation， producing area and processing methods of Huoxiang herbs were systematically investigated and researched， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Huoxiang herbs. Through the herbal textual research， it can be seen that most of materia medica in past dynasties have taken Huoxiang as the nominal rectification， and the mainstream base used is Pogostemon cablin. In order to distinguish another plant of the same family， Agastache rugosa， which has been widely used in Chinese folk since the Ming dynasty， and respect geo-authentic region， Pogostemonis Herba is also named Guanghuoxiang. Pogostemonis Herba is native to Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries， and was introduced to China as a spice through Guangdong and other places in the early days， and has been successfully cultivated in the south of China since the Song dynasty. The medicinal parts are mostly dried aboveground parts， and the leaves and stems are also separated for medicine sometimes. The geo-authentic region of Pogostemonis Herba is Guangdong in the past dynasties， and it is currently cultivated in Guangzhou， Zhaoqing， Zhanjiang of Guangdong province and Hainan province， with the most famous one cultivated in Shipai. Pogostemonis Herba is mainly planted by cutting propagation. It usually sprouts in February and is harvested in June. The main processed method in region is stuffy dry， which is placed in the sun and repeatedly suffocated until it has an aromatic smell and the color turns yellow. The processing method is mostly to use the raw product as medicine after being selected. Based on the research results， it is suggested that the leaves of P. cablin are used in Yangweitang， for Huopo Xialingtang， it is recommended to choose the raw product of A. rugosa that is removed the roots and old stems.

Objective:To determine the priority of diabetes prevention and control measures in the perspective of the economy and importance, and provide theoretical support for guiding relevant departments to implement measures based on actual economic level.Methods:An online survey was conducted on the importance, feasibility and implementation of major chronic disease prevention and control measures in 488 national demonstration areas for comprehensive chronic disease prevention and control. The content of the survey was divided into individual and group levels, with 10 dimensions and 44 measures, to obtain the scores of the economy and importance. IPA model was used to divide the dimension index of diabetes prevention and control into quadrants. The standardized factor load coefficient of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the priority of dimension index in the same quadrant. The priority of prevention and control measures in each dimension was determined by the discriminant parameter of project response theory.Results:The mean scores of economy and importance were 66.50 and 89.94, respectively, and the matrix was divided into four quadrants. The first quadrant was the "highest priority" with high importance and economy, including medical insurance and family doctors, health education, high-risk detection and intervention, patient management and community action. The second quadrant was characterized as high importance but low economy, which was the priority for improvement, including only one dimension of complication screening. The third quadrant was the lowest priority due to low importance and economy, including personal health service evaluation and follow-up, environmental support, diabetes co-infection prevention and glycemic policy. The last quadrant had low importance but high economy, which was the second improvement level. The priority measures in different quadrants were: (1) the highest priority: blood lipid control, occupational site, prevention and control work plan, blood glucose testing, family doctor contract service; (2) the priority improvement: annual neuropathy screening; (3)the lowest priority: universal access to risk scoring, healthy eating, healthy dining innovations and tuberculosis screening.Conclusion:IPA model can be used to construct a decision-making model for diabetes prevention and control and determine the priority of corresponding measures.

Barium carbonate poisoning is mostly caused by mistaken ingestion in clinical cases, and self-administration of poisoning is rare. In November 2020, Tianjin Occupational Disease Prevention Hospital admitted a patient with severe hypokalemia complicated with arrhythmia after taking poison. It is very important to take timely and effective potassium supplementation, symptomatic and detoxification treatment in the course of treatment. At the same time, closely observing the changes of vital signs and taking quick and accurate rescue measures in the event of malignant arrhythmia are the keys to ensuring the success of rescue. In this paper, the clinical data of the case were retrospectively analyzed, providing reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar clinical cases.

Barium carbonate poisoning is mostly caused by mistaken ingestion in clinical cases, and self-administration of poisoning is rare. In November 2020, Tianjin Occupational Disease Prevention Hospital admitted a patient with severe hypokalemia complicated with arrhythmia after taking poison. It is very important to take timely and effective potassium supplementation, symptomatic and detoxification treatment in the course of treatment. At the same time, closely observing the changes of vital signs and taking quick and accurate rescue measures in the event of malignant arrhythmia are the keys to ensuring the success of rescue. In this paper, the clinical data of the case were retrospectively analyzed, providing reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar clinical cases.