Objective: To understand the subjective and objective comfort evaluations of students from different age groups on desks and chairs, so as to provide reference for standardized allocation and use of desks and chairs. Methods: From January to April 2024, a total of 2 446 students were selected from 26 schools in 13 districts (counties/cities) in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Wuxi from Jiangsu Province by using cluster random method, including students in kindergartens, primary schools, junior high schools,senior high schools, colleges and universities. Standardized procedures were used to measure the height and weight of participants, and the matching desks and chairs models were selected according to the height. The subjective comfort of students on matching desks and chairs was investigated, and their objective comfort was evaluated by using a self designed questionnaire. The χ 2 test was used to analyze the differences of subjective perception and objective evaluation in comfort between different types of desks and chairs. Results: About 84.1% of the students subjectively thought that large desks and small chairs were very comfortable or relatively comfortable, followed by large desks and chairs (75.7%), and the proportion of small desks and chairs was the lowest among the three types (46.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=722.46, P <0.01). The reporting rates of primary school, junior high school and senior high school students who subjectively considered large desks and chairs to be very comfortable/relatively comfortable were higher than that of other types of desks and chairs, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=297.49, 252.82, 343.67, P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the subjective comfort evaluation of different types of desks and chairs among kindergarten children ( χ 2=3.21, P >0.05), and 66.3% of the students in colleges and universities felt very comfortable/relatively comfortable when they used the matching standard desks and chairs. The objective evaluation results of the comfort for the three types of desks and chairs were consistent with the subjective evaluation, but the proportions of the objective evaluation as very comfortable/relatively comfortable were higher than that of the subjective evaluation ( χ 2=20.76- 813.47, P <0.01). Conclusions Large desks and chairs, as well as large desks with small chairs are perceived comfortable, while small desks and chairs are perceived less comfortable. It is recommended to match the large desks and chairs or large desks and small chairs that are suitable for them according to the "standard", to promote physical and mental health of students.

Objective: To investigate the differences in the comfort of desks and chairs furniture among students with different body types according to the standard, so as to provide a reference for guiding students with overweight and obesity to choose the correct study furniture and revising the standards. Methods: From January to April 2024, 2 443 students from 26 schools in 13 districts (counties/cities) in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Jiangsu Province were selected by the cluster random sampling method to conduct physical examination. The subjective and objective evaluations of the comfort of height matched desks and chairs were investigated. The students were divided into non overweight, overweight, and obesity groups according to relevant criteria, and stratified analysis was performed. The χ 2 test was used to analyze differences in the comfort evaluations of desks and chairs among students with different body types. Results: Among the 2 443 students surveyed, 16.7% and 12.6% were respectively classified as overweight and obese. All students assigned the highest comfort ratings to large desks and small chairs (84.1%), and consistency was observed between students subjective and objective evaluations. The reporting rate of samll desks and chairs of obesity students subjective evaluation was lower (36.8%) than that of overweight and non overweight/obesity students (52.1%, 48.0%) ( χ 2=14.63, P <0.01). The overweight and obese group of primary school students had a worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs and small desks and chairs than those of the non overweight and obese groups( χ 2=15.78, 7.63, P <0.05). Among high school students, the overweight and obese group had worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs, as well as large desks and small chairs, than those of the non-overweight and obese groups( χ 2=9.62, 11.77, P <0.05). The objective evaluations revealed low compliance ratings on the posture of the thighs and calves for naturally forming an angle greater than 90° (55.6%), and headroom height under the table (50.3%) with small desks and chairs ( χ 2=94.05, 166.47, P <0.05). Conclusions Compared with non overweight/obese students, students with overweight and obese students report poor comfort evaluations of height matched desks and chairs. Revision of the standard should consider the body types of students, and evaluations of the comfort of desks and chairs furniture by students with overweight and obesity should be improved.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effect and mechanism of desloratadine citrate disodium in mice with hypersensitivity pneumonitis （HP）. METHODS Sixty mice were randomly divided into blank control group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， prednisone group （positive control， 20 mg/kg） and desloratadine citrate disodium low-， medium- and high-dose groups （0.5， 1， 2 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. Except for the blank control group， mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with ovalbumin （OVA） and exposed to OVA inhalation to establish the HP model. On day 22 post- modeling， mice in each group were administered the corresponding drugs or normal saline， once a day， for 11 consecutive days. After the last administration， lung function and airway hyperreactivity were assessed. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-4 and IL-6 in serum as well as the levels of IL-8， IL-13 and IL-17A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. Pathological changes in lung tissue of mice were evaluated using Masson staining. Furthermore， the expressions of fibrosis-related proteins， including transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1）， type Ⅲ collagen （Col-Ⅲ） and fibronectin （FN） were determined in lung tissues. RESULTS Compared with the blank control group， the model group showed significant deterioration in lung function （P＜ 0.01）， while airway resistance and serum levels of IL-1β， IL-4， IL-6 and the levels of IL-8， IL-13 and IL-17A in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. The lung tissues exhibited alveolar collapse， atrophy， and structural disarray， along with the formation of extensive deposits of blue collagen fibers， the percentage of positive staining increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Additionally， the expression levels of TGF-β1， Col-Ⅲ， and FN proteins in the lung tissues were also increased significantly （P＜0.01）. After intervention with desloratadine citrate disodium， the pathological changes in the lung tissues of mice in each dosage group of desloratadine citrate disodium showed varying degrees of improvement， and most of the aforementioned indicator levels were significantly reversed （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Desloratadine citrate disodium can improve the lung function and airway hyperreactivity of HP mice， inhibit the release of inflammatory factors in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid， and reduce the deposition of collagen fibers. Its mechanism of action may be related to anti-inflammatory， immunomodulatory， and antifibrotic effects.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristic and genetic variants of children with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2(CPT2)deficiency.Methods:The clinical and genetic data of 6 children with CPT2 deficiency were retrospectively analyzed.The blood acylcarnitines and genetic variants were detected with tandem mass spectrometry and whole-exon gene sequencing,respectively.Results:There were 4 males and 2 females with a mean age of 32 months(15 d-9 years)at diagnosis.One case was asymptomatic and with normal laboratory test results,2 had delayed onset,and 3 were of infantile type.Three cases were diagnosed at neonatal screening,and 3 cases presented with clinical manifestations of fever,muscle weakness,and increased muscle enzymes.Five children presented with decreased free carnitine and elevated levels of palmitoyl and octadecenoyl carnitines.CPT2 gene variants were detected at 8 loci in 6 children(4 harboring biallelic mutations and 2 harboring single locus mutations),including 3 known variants(p.R631C,p.T589M,and p.D255G)and 5 newly reported variants(p.F352L,p.R498L,p.F434S,p.A515P,and c.153-2A>G).It was predicted by PolyPhen2 and SIFT software that c.153-2A>G and p.F352L were suspected pathogenic variants,while p.R498L,p.F434S and p.A515P were variants of unknown clinical significance.Conclusions:The clinical phenotypes of CPT2 deficiency are diverse.An early diagnosis can be facilitated by neonatal blood tandem mass spectrometry screening and genetic testing,and most patients have good prognosis after a timely diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To analyze the mutation of T-cell and B-cell epitopes derived from HBV PreS-S protein in occult hepatitis B virus (OHBV) and investigate the biological mechanisms of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) and HBsAb positive OBI.Methods:The PreS-S region of OBI samples were amplified by nested PCR, the products were sequenced and HBV genotypes were determined. The mutations of T-cell and B-cell epitopes derived from HBV PreS-S protein were analyzed and compared among groups of HBV genotypes and the presence of HBsAb. The affinity of the high frequency of T-cell epitope substitutions were analyzed by SYF PEITHI, the changes of antigenic characteristics of high frequency of B-cell epitope substitutions were analyzed by Ab Designer, Expasy ProtParam tool, Epitope Prediction and Analysis Tools.Results:The PreS-S region of HBV was amplified in 21 samples, including 4 HBsAb+ OBI B, 6 HBsAb-OBI B, 6 HBsAb+ OBI C, 5 HBsAb-OBI C. The mutation rates in PreS-S region of OBI were significantly higher than wild type HBV strains(OBI Bvs. WT B: 2.64%: 0.66%, P<0.001; OBI Cvs. WT C: 3.67%: 1.19%, P<0.001). The mutation rates of the immunoreactive area were significantly higher than non-immunoreactive area in OBI (OBI B: 3.57%: 1.86%, P=0.005; OBI C: 4.78%: 2.65%, P<0.001). The mutation rates of the immunoreactive and non-immunoreactive area in OBI C were higher than OBI B, but there was no statistically significant difference (immunoreactive area: 4.78%: 3.57%, P=0.107; non-immunoreactive area: 2.65%: 1.86%, P=0.142). The mutation rates of T-cell and B-cell epitopes of HBsAb-OBI were higher than HBsAb+ OBI, although there was no significant difference (HBsAb-OBI Bvs. HBsAb+ OBI B: 4.17∶3.01, P=0.303; HBsAb-OBI Cvs. HBsAb+ OBI C: 5.65∶4.26, P=0.207). The affinity analysis of 4 high frequency T-cell epitope substitutions, including T47A/K, S174N, L175S, V177A, showed that the changes of affinity of most mutation sites were not obvious; the antigenicity analysis of 3 high frequency B-cell epitope substitutions, including G73S, K122R, I126M/T, did not show noticeable changes and the hydrophilicity, surface accessibility of some mutation sites were even better than wild strain. Conclusions:The mutation rates in PreS-S region of OBI were significantly higher than wild type HBV strains. The mutation rates of the immunoreactive area were higher than non-immunoreactive area in OBI. The variant activity of OBI C was higher than OBI B. The mutations of OBI might occur randomly and were not selected by antibody pressure. Single epitope and multi-epitopes combinational mutations might be a reason for OBI.

【Objective】 To explore the distribution of serological markers related to samples whose serological test results were inconsistent with HBV DNA test results among voluntary blood donors in Xi′an. 【Methods】 A total of 71 HBsAg ELISA positive and NAT non-reactive (ELISA+ /NAT-)blood samples were collected from Shaanxi Blood Center from November 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023. The serological markers of hepatitis B were detected by electrochemiluminescence method, and the HBV S region and C region gene fragments were amplified by nested-PCR. 【Results】 The positive rate of nested-PCR in double ELISA+ /NAT- group(n=30) was statistically higher than that of ELISA+ /NAT- group(n=41)(60% vs 24.4%, P<0.05). Donors in double ELISA+ /NAT- group were all first-time blood donors, with the positive rate of anti-HBc in serum of 100%, and the serological pattern was mainly positive for items 1, 4 and 5 items(80%). Among the ELISA+ /NAT- group, 31.7% were repeat blood donors, with the positive rate of anti-HBc in serum of only 19.51%, and the serological patterns were mainly single anti-HBs positive (43.90%) and all negative (36.58%). 【Conclusion】 There are false positives in the test results of ELISA+ /NAT- group, which leads to unnecessary blood discarding. Meanwhile, the samples with negative NAT may have low levels of HBV DNA, which may lead to missed detection. It is suggested that multiple systems and methods should be applied to trace the blood donors who are HBsAg positive and NAT non-reactive, so as to improve the accuracy of HBV screening of blood donors and reduce blood waste.

Objective To comprehensively analyze the effectiveness of exercise training-based respiratory rehabilitation therapy on patients with occupational pneumoconiosis (hereinafter referred to as "pneumoconiosis"). MethodsLiterature on randomized controlled trials of exercise training-based respiratory rehabilitation therapy for pneumoconiosis patients published from the establishment of the database to July 2023 was retrieved from academic systems such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine using bibliometrics method. The RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis of the selected literatures. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the source of study heterogeneity. The funnel plot method was used to test publication bias. Results A total of 55 articles were included, involving 2 436 pneumoconiosis patients in the experimental group and 2 405 pneumoconiosis patients in the control group. The result of random or fixed effect model showed that the six minutes walking distance, the total score of Short from Health Survey-36, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC, arterial partial pressure of oxygen of pneumoconiosis patients increased after respiratory rehabilitation therapy (all P<0.05), while the total score of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased compared with the conventional treatment (all P<0.05). The result of subgroup analysis showed that the total score of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, FEV₁, and the index of arterial partial pressure of oxygen of pneumoconiosis patients was better in the rehabilitation treatment for ≥six months compared with those

BACKGROUND:There is an internal relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular calcification.However,the pathogenesis of hyperhomocysteinemia promoting vascular calcification is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular calcification. METHODS:Human carotid wax samples were divided into a calcified group(n=29)and a non-calcified group(n=13)according to the presence or absence of calcified plaque.Sixteen ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into a control group and a hyperhomocysteinemia group,with 8 mice in each group.Bone morphogenetic protein-2 vector was used to transfect rat thoracic artery smooth muscle A7r5 cells,and gradient concentration of homocysteine(50,100,200,and 400 μmol/L)was utilized to treat A7r5 cells.Calcification was detected by alizarin red staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining.The interaction of bone morphogenetic protein 2 with Runt-related transcription factor 2 was detected by immunofluorescence,and the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2,Runt-related transcription factor 2,and α-smooth muscle actin were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Human carotid artery tissue staining revealed that compared with the non-calcification group,inflammatory cells increased and calcification positive rate increased in the calcification group(P<0.05).Compared with the non-calcification group,the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 were up-regulated,and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin was decreased in the calcification group(all P<0.05).(2)The staining of mouse arterial specimens exhibited that,the positive rate of calcified area in the hyperhomocysteinemia group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);serum homocysteine level in the hyperhomocysteinemia group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 were up-regulated,and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin was decreased in the hyperhomocysteinemia group(all P<0.05).(3)A7r5 cell culture analysis demonstrated that with the increase of homocysteine concentration gradient,the degree of calcification,the content of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 protein in A7r5 cells increased(P<0.05),and the content of α-smooth muscle actin protein decreased(P<0.05).(4)The A7r5 cell culture analysis of overexpressed bone morphogenetic protein 2 showed that the calcification degree of the overexpressed bone morphogenetic protein 2 group was increased compared with the corresponding control group,the β-sodium glycerophosphate group,and the homocysteine group.RUNt-related transcription factor 2 expression up-regulated(P<0.05)and α-smooth muscle actin expression down-regulated(P<0.05).(5)The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 increased in A7r5 cells cultured with homocysteine in calcified medium,and the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 increased with the increase of bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression.(6)The results confirm that bone morphogenetic protein-2 is a key target gene in the regulation of smooth muscle cell phenotypic transformation resulting in vascular calcification by hyperhomocysteinemia.Targeted regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 reduces hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular calcification.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells (CTC) and serum pepsinogen (PG) I for early gastric cancer (EGC).Methods:A case-control study was conducted utilizing the clinical data of 102 patients with gastric mucosal lesions treated at Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022. Based on the diagnostic outcomes, these patients were categorized into a benign lesion group ( n = 54) and an EGC group ( n = 48). Patient demographics were compared between the two groups. Additionally, CTC and PG I-positive rates were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic effectiveness of CTC and serum PG I alone in identifying EGC was evaluated. Independent factors influencing EGC diagnosis were analyzed, and the predictive diagnostic value of CTC and serum PG I for EGC was calculated. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in gender and age between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The positivity rates of CTC and serum PG I in the EGC group were 79.17% (38/48) and 70.83% (34/48), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the benign lesion group [14.81% (8/54), 20.37% (11/54), χ2 = 42.50, 26.25, both P < 0.001]. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CTC and serum PG I alone did not show statistically significant differences in diagnosing EGC (all P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CTC and serum PG I positivity were independent risk factors for EGC ( OR = 20.20, 8.57, both P < 0.05). Using CTC, serum PG I, and the P-value prediction probability derived from the logistic regression model, the Jordan indices for predicting the diagnosis of EGC were 0.643, 0.504, and 0.633, respectively. Conclusion:The combination of CTC and PG I is highly significant for the diagnosis of EGC, and two detection methods are crucial for accurate risk assessment of EGC.