Objective: To explore the relationship between positive parenting styles and academic emotions in junior high school students, as well as the chain mediation effects of parent-child communication and peer relationships, providing a theoretical basis for family education interventions. Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling, 1 063 students from four junior high schools in a city in Anhui Province were selected for questionnaire surveys, form March to April, 2025. Core variables were measured using the Short form Parenting Style Scale, Adolescent Parent-Child Communication Scale, Peer Relationship Scale, and Adolescent Academic Emotion Questionnaire. Group comparison was conducted using t-test or analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between positive parenting styles, peer relationships, parent-child communication and positive academic emotions. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of positive parenting styles, peer relationships and parent-child communication on positive academic emotions. A mediation effect model and Bootstrap method were employed to test the chain mediation effects. Results: Students who were class leaders, had parents with higher education levels, or came from intact families scored significantly higher on positive academic emotions ( t/F =7.23, 13.73, 10.67, 4.45, all P < 0.01 ). Positive parenting styles, peer relationships, and parent-child communication were all positively correlated with positive academic emotions ( r =0.45, 0.41, 0.38), and all three positively predicted positive academic emotions ( β =0.24, 0.23, 0.12) (all P < 0.01 ). Further analysis showed that positive parenting styles directly predicted positive academic emotions ( β =0.40) and also indirectly influenced academic emotions through parent-child communication ( β =0.07), peer relationships ( β =0.05), and the chain mediation path of "parent-child communication → peer relationships" ( β =0.04) (all P <0.05), with the total indirect effect accounting for 40.55%. Conclusion Positive parenting styles enhance junior high school students academic emotions through the chain mediation path of "parent-child communication → peer relationships", providing theoretical support for interventions within the educational ecosystem.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-positive patients in Wuhan from 2013 to 2022, and to further discover the high-risk groups, high-risk factors and high-risk links of AIDS in Wuhan. Methods The data of 21212 HIV antibody confirmed positive cases submitted for examination in Wuhan Comprehensive AIDS Management Platform from 2013 to 2022 were collected. A chi-square test was conducted on the data using SPSS software, and the results were analyzed. Results The number of confirmed tests showed an overall increasing trend from 2013 to 2022 (χ²=252.92, P＜0.001). Among the 12 448 confirmed positive cases, the male to female ratio was 7.44:1. The number of cases in 20-years age group was the highest (32.96%). The proportion of males in 60-years age group showed an increasing trend year by year (χ²=13.222, P＜0.005). Most of the cases were divorced/widowed/unmarried (5655 cases, 45.43%，χ²=296.166，P＜0.001). The majority were college students or above (3190 cases, 25.63%), and there was an increasing trend year by year (χ²=384.615，P＜0.001). The top three occupations were housework and unemployment, students, and business services (χ²=1225.833, P＜0.001). The patient detection and preoperative detection were the most among the sources (χ²=4941.911, P＜0.001). Medical institutions sent the most cases for testing, but the positive rate was low (49.37%, χ²=2571.462, P＜0.001). Conclusion The overall number of confirmatory tests shows an increasing trend. It is recommended to supplement other diagnostic criteria and methods to improve the accuracy of positive rates in medical institutions. Efforts should be intensified to intervene in the elderly population, strengthen AIDS prevention education in schools, and raise awareness of AIDS prevention among young people.

Objective The purpose of writing the"expert consensus on humanistic care for patients in hospice care"(hereinafter referred to as the"consensus")aims to standardize the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,ensuring that humanistic care is integrated throughout the entire service process for hospice care patients and their families.Methods A systematic search was conducted in domestic and foreign databases for literature related to hospice care and humanistic care,including guidelines,expert consensuses,systematic reviews or Meta-analyses,and evidence summaries.High-quality evidence was evaluated,extracted,and summarized to form the initial draft of the"consensus".From June to October 2024,20 experts from the fields of hospice care,nursing humanities,and evidence-based nursing were invited to participate in 1 round of expert consultation.Among them,13 experts were selected for 2 rounds of expert demonstration meetings.After collating and analyzing the experts' opinions,the initial draft was revised and refined,ultimately resulting in the final version of the"consensus".Results The effective response rate of the consultation questionnaire was 100％,with expert authority coefficient of 0.880,judgment coefficient of 0.935,and familiarity level of 0.825.The Kendall harmony coefficient of the expert consultation was 0.134(P＜0.05).The"consensus"consisted of 13 aspects,including the targets and objectives,principles,institutional guarantees,environmental requirements,etc.Conclusion This"consensus"possesses strong scientific rigor and practicality,which can provide guidance and references for the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,promoting the standardization and humanization of hospice care services.

Purpose To explore the correlation between spectral CT-derived quantitative parameters and different programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression status in gastric adenocarcinoma,in order to provide additional imaging-based references for immunotherapy regimen selection in patients with this disease.Materials and Methods A total of 45 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,pathologically confirmed by biopsy,who underwent PD-L1 testing prior to treatment were retrospectively enrolled from Lanzhou University Second Hospital between January 2021 and September 2023.All patients underwent baseline spectral CT scans.Based on PD-L1 expression status,patients were categorized into the higher combined positive score(CPS)group(CPS≥5)and the lower CPS group(CPS<5).From the single-energy images of arterial and venous phases,the CT values(CT40 keV,CT70 keV),effective atomic number,and iodine concentration of the lesions were measured.The standardized iodine concentration and slope of the spectral curve were calculated.Differences in spectral CT parameters between the two groups were compared.Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for parameters with statistically significant differences,and the area under the curve was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of each single parameter and combined parameters in distinguishing PD-L1 expression status.Results In the arterial phase,the CT40 keV,CT70 keV,iodine concentration,standardized iodine concentration,effective atomic number,and slope of the spectral curve of lesions in the higher expression group were all significantly higher than those of lesions in the lower expression group(t/Z=-3.115 to-2.725,all P<0.05),whereas no significant differences were observed in all parameters in the venous phase(all P>0.05).For the standardized iodine concentration in the enhanced arterial phase,the area under the curve for distinguishing PD-L1 expression status was 0.755(95%CI 0.612 to 0.898),with a sensitivity of 81.8%and a specificity of 65.2%.No significant differences were found between it and other single spectral CT parameters in the arterial phase(all P>0.05),and its diagnostic efficacy was similar to that of the combined parameters[the area under the curve was 0.755(95%CI 0.613 to 0.897),sensitivity was 90.9%,specificity was 52.2%].Conclusion Quantitative parameters of spectral CT in the arterial phase can predict the PD-L1 expression of gastric adenocarcinoma,which may provide a reference for the screening and immunotherapy evaluation of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background and Aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignancies,with high incidence and mortality.The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation,apoptosis,and immune responses,and its persistent activation is closely associated with the development of HCC.This study aimed to investigate the effects of the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 and the STAT3-related inhibitor rapamycin(RPM)on the biological behaviors of HCC cells and their underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods:Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were divided into four groups:blank control,AG490,RPM,and AG490+RPM.Cell proliferation,migration,and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay,scratch test,and flow cytometry,respectively.ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,survivin,and c-Myc.A Western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression and phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3.Results:Compared with the blank control group,the AG490,RPM,and AG490+RPM groups showed significantly decreased cell proliferation and migration abilities,as well as increased apoptosis,with the most pronounced effects observed in the AG490+RPM group(all P＜0.05).Inhibitor-treated groups showed elevated expression of Bax and caspase-3,decreased expression of Bcl-2,survivin,and c-Myc,with the most significant changes in the AG490+RPM group(all P＜0.05).In addition,the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 were significantly reduced in all treated groups,with the lowest levels in the AG490+RPM group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Inhibitors targeting the JAK/STAT pathway significantly suppress proliferation and migration,and induce apoptosis in HCC cells,possibly by downregulating p-JAK2 and p-STAT3,as well as modulating genes related to apoptosis and proliferation.The combined use of AG490 and RPM exhibits superior antitumor effects,suggesting that multi-target blockade of the JAK/STAT pathway may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.

Background and Aims:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common malignancies,with high incidence and mortality.The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation,apoptosis,and immune responses,and its persistent activation is closely associated with the development of HCC.This study aimed to investigate the effects of the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 and the STAT3-related inhibitor rapamycin(RPM)on the biological behaviors of HCC cells and their underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods:Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were divided into four groups:blank control,AG490,RPM,and AG490+RPM.Cell proliferation,migration,and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay,scratch test,and flow cytometry,respectively.ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,survivin,and c-Myc.A Western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression and phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3.Results:Compared with the blank control group,the AG490,RPM,and AG490+RPM groups showed significantly decreased cell proliferation and migration abilities,as well as increased apoptosis,with the most pronounced effects observed in the AG490+RPM group(all P＜0.05).Inhibitor-treated groups showed elevated expression of Bax and caspase-3,decreased expression of Bcl-2,survivin,and c-Myc,with the most significant changes in the AG490+RPM group(all P＜0.05).In addition,the ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 were significantly reduced in all treated groups,with the lowest levels in the AG490+RPM group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Inhibitors targeting the JAK/STAT pathway significantly suppress proliferation and migration,and induce apoptosis in HCC cells,possibly by downregulating p-JAK2 and p-STAT3,as well as modulating genes related to apoptosis and proliferation.The combined use of AG490 and RPM exhibits superior antitumor effects,suggesting that multi-target blockade of the JAK/STAT pathway may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.

Objective The purpose of writing the"expert consensus on humanistic care for patients in hospice care"(hereinafter referred to as the"consensus")aims to standardize the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,ensuring that humanistic care is integrated throughout the entire service process for hospice care patients and their families.Methods A systematic search was conducted in domestic and foreign databases for literature related to hospice care and humanistic care,including guidelines,expert consensuses,systematic reviews or Meta-analyses,and evidence summaries.High-quality evidence was evaluated,extracted,and summarized to form the initial draft of the"consensus".From June to October 2024,20 experts from the fields of hospice care,nursing humanities,and evidence-based nursing were invited to participate in 1 round of expert consultation.Among them,13 experts were selected for 2 rounds of expert demonstration meetings.After collating and analyzing the experts' opinions,the initial draft was revised and refined,ultimately resulting in the final version of the"consensus".Results The effective response rate of the consultation questionnaire was 100％,with expert authority coefficient of 0.880,judgment coefficient of 0.935,and familiarity level of 0.825.The Kendall harmony coefficient of the expert consultation was 0.134(P＜0.05).The"consensus"consisted of 13 aspects,including the targets and objectives,principles,institutional guarantees,environmental requirements,etc.Conclusion This"consensus"possesses strong scientific rigor and practicality,which can provide guidance and references for the practice of humanistic care in the field of hospice care,promoting the standardization and humanization of hospice care services.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effect and mechanism of desloratadine citrate disodium in mice with hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP).METHODS Sixty mice were randomly divided into blank control group(normal saline),model group(normal saline),prednisone group(positive control,20 mg/kg)and desloratadine citrate disodium low-,medium-and high-dose groups(0.5,1,2 mg/kg),with 10 mice in each group.Except for the blank control group,mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with ovalbumin(OVA)and exposed to OVA inhalation to establish the HP model.On day 22 post-modeling,mice in each group were administered the corresponding drugs or normal saline,once a day,for 11 consecutive days.After the last administration,lung function and airway hyperreactivity were assessed.The levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-4 and IL-6 in serum as well as the levels of IL-8,IL-13 and IL-17A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined.Pathological changes in lung tissue of mice were evaluated using Masson staining.Furthermore,the expressions of fibrosis-related proteins,including transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),type Ⅲ collagen(Col-Ⅲ)and fibronectin(FN)were determined in lung tissues.RESULTS Compared with the blank control group,the model group showed significant deterioration in lung function(P＜0.01),while airway resistance and serum levels of IL-1β,IL-4,IL-6 and the levels of IL-8,IL-13 and IL-17A in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased significantly(P＜0.01).The lung tissues exhibited alveolar collapse,atrophy,and structural disarray,along with the formation of extensive deposits of blue collagen fibers,the percentage of positive staining increased significantly(P＜0.01).Additionally,the expression levels of TGF-β1,Col-Ⅲ,and FN proteins in the lung tissues were also increased significantly(P＜0.01).After intervention with desloratadine citrate disodium,the pathological changes in the lung tissues of mice in each dosage group of desloratadine citrate disodium showed varying degrees of improvement,and most of the aforementioned indicator levels were significantly reversed(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).CONCLUSIONS Desloratadine citrate disodium can improve the lung function and airway hyperreactivity of HP mice,inhibit the release of inflammatory factors in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and reduce the deposition of collagen fibers.Its mechanism of action may be related to anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and antifibrotic effects.

Purpose To explore the correlation between spectral CT-derived quantitative parameters and different programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression status in gastric adenocarcinoma,in order to provide additional imaging-based references for immunotherapy regimen selection in patients with this disease.Materials and Methods A total of 45 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,pathologically confirmed by biopsy,who underwent PD-L1 testing prior to treatment were retrospectively enrolled from Lanzhou University Second Hospital between January 2021 and September 2023.All patients underwent baseline spectral CT scans.Based on PD-L1 expression status,patients were categorized into the higher combined positive score(CPS)group(CPS≥5)and the lower CPS group(CPS<5).From the single-energy images of arterial and venous phases,the CT values(CT40 keV,CT70 keV),effective atomic number,and iodine concentration of the lesions were measured.The standardized iodine concentration and slope of the spectral curve were calculated.Differences in spectral CT parameters between the two groups were compared.Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for parameters with statistically significant differences,and the area under the curve was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of each single parameter and combined parameters in distinguishing PD-L1 expression status.Results In the arterial phase,the CT40 keV,CT70 keV,iodine concentration,standardized iodine concentration,effective atomic number,and slope of the spectral curve of lesions in the higher expression group were all significantly higher than those of lesions in the lower expression group(t/Z=-3.115 to-2.725,all P<0.05),whereas no significant differences were observed in all parameters in the venous phase(all P>0.05).For the standardized iodine concentration in the enhanced arterial phase,the area under the curve for distinguishing PD-L1 expression status was 0.755(95%CI 0.612 to 0.898),with a sensitivity of 81.8%and a specificity of 65.2%.No significant differences were found between it and other single spectral CT parameters in the arterial phase(all P>0.05),and its diagnostic efficacy was similar to that of the combined parameters[the area under the curve was 0.755(95%CI 0.613 to 0.897),sensitivity was 90.9%,specificity was 52.2%].Conclusion Quantitative parameters of spectral CT in the arterial phase can predict the PD-L1 expression of gastric adenocarcinoma,which may provide a reference for the screening and immunotherapy evaluation of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Objective To explore the value of pelvic CT angiography(CTA)digital three-dimensional reconstruction model(abbreviated as"three-dimensional model")in the diagnosis of female pelvic mass.Methods A total of 98 patients with pelvic mass who were hospitalized and operated in Xi'an People's Hos-pital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital)from January 2021 to April 2023 were selected.All patients underwent B-ultra-sound and CTA examination before operation,and the original data of CTA were collected.The digital three-dimensional model of pelvic mass was established by three-dimensional reconstruction software,and the source of pelvic mass was judged according to the blood supply of pelvic mass.Taking postoperative pathological di-agnosis as the gold standard,the coincidence rate between different preoperative diagnosis methods(B-ultra-sound,CTA examination and three-dimensional model)was compared.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the efficacy of different preoperative diagnostic methods in judging the ovarian origin of pelvic tumors.Results A total of 130 pelvic masses were included in 98 patients,and the average maximum diameter of the mass was(71.61±3.03)mm,including 83 ovarian masses and 47 non-ovarian masses.Taking postoperative pathological diagnosis as the gold standard,the diagnostic coincidence rate of the preoperative three-dimensional model was 72.31％,which was higher than that of B-ultrasound(58.46％)and CTA(52.31％),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy,Kappa value,and area under the ROC curve were 79.51％,91.49％,94.29％,71.67％,83.85％,0.67 and 0.855,respectively,when the three-dimensional model showed that the blood supply of the mass originated from ovarian artery or uterine artery-ovarian branch.Conclusion The three-dimensional model of pelvic CTA can directly display the blood supply source,characteristics of mass,and the relationship between mass and adjacent organs,which can guide the clinical treatment.It has certain clinical value to judge the ovarian origin of pelvic mass by using ovarian artery and uterine artery-ovarian branch.