Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for guiding the health management of postmenopausal women. Methods: From May 2023 to April 2024, the postmenopausal women aged 40 to 69 years in Pan'an County were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle and prevalence of gynecological diseases were collected through questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of menopausal syndrome was assessed by modified Kupperman Score Scale. Factors affecting menopausal syndrome were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 816 postmenopausal women were surveyed, with an mean age of (57.63±2.92) years and a mean natural menopause age of (49.85±2.13) years. There were 574 cases with menopausal syndrome, with a prevalence of 70.34%. Flashes and sweating, insomnia and irritability were common symptoms, accounting for 62.87%, 47.43% and 41.18%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that monthly personal income of ≤5 000 yuan (<3 000 yuan, OR=3.124, 95%CI: 1.829-5.335; 3 000-5 000 yuan, OR=2.399, 95%CI: 1.370-4.201) and having gynecological diseases (OR=1.970, 95%CI: 1.292-3.004) were associated with a higher risk of menopausal syndrome, while average (OR=0.141, 95%CI: 0.072-0.276) or sufficient sleep quality (OR=0.095, 95%CI: 0.049-0.185) were associated with a lower risk of menopausal syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County is relatively high, and is mainly influenced by personal economic status, sleep quality and the presence of gynecological diseases.

Objective: To explore the relationship between positive parenting styles and academic emotions in junior high school students, as well as the chain mediation effects of parent-child communication and peer relationships, providing a theoretical basis for family education interventions. Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling, 1 063 students from four junior high schools in a city in Anhui Province were selected for questionnaire surveys, form March to April, 2025. Core variables were measured using the Short form Parenting Style Scale, Adolescent Parent-Child Communication Scale, Peer Relationship Scale, and Adolescent Academic Emotion Questionnaire. Group comparison was conducted using t-test or analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between positive parenting styles, peer relationships, parent-child communication and positive academic emotions. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of positive parenting styles, peer relationships and parent-child communication on positive academic emotions. A mediation effect model and Bootstrap method were employed to test the chain mediation effects. Results: Students who were class leaders, had parents with higher education levels, or came from intact families scored significantly higher on positive academic emotions ( t/F =7.23, 13.73, 10.67, 4.45, all P < 0.01 ). Positive parenting styles, peer relationships, and parent-child communication were all positively correlated with positive academic emotions ( r =0.45, 0.41, 0.38), and all three positively predicted positive academic emotions ( β =0.24, 0.23, 0.12) (all P < 0.01 ). Further analysis showed that positive parenting styles directly predicted positive academic emotions ( β =0.40) and also indirectly influenced academic emotions through parent-child communication ( β =0.07), peer relationships ( β =0.05), and the chain mediation path of "parent-child communication → peer relationships" ( β =0.04) (all P <0.05), with the total indirect effect accounting for 40.55%. Conclusion Positive parenting styles enhance junior high school students academic emotions through the chain mediation path of "parent-child communication → peer relationships", providing theoretical support for interventions within the educational ecosystem.

ObjectiveTo establish a rat model of moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis, laying the foundation for studying the pathogenesis of moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis and its prevention and treatment methods. MethodsThirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham surgery group, an 8-week model group, and a 20-week model group, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the 8-week and 20-week model groups underwent surgery to cut the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and medial collateral ligament of the right knee joint, and remove the medial and lateral menisci. After surgery, the rats were allowed to move freely. The rats in the sham surgery group had only skin incisions to expose the joint without any surgical treatment. At 8 and 20 weeks post-surgery, Micro-CT scans were performed to analyze the femoral osteoporosis in the rats. After euthanizing the rats, gross observations of the knee joints were made, and the cartilage of the joint surface was scored using the Pelletier scoring system. The knee joints were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and safranin O-fast green staining to observe changes in cartilage morphology. The modified Mankin's scoring system was used to assess the tissue pathology of the joint surface. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of type II collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), reflecting the anabolic and catabolic metabolism of the knee joint cartilage. ResultsThe knee joint cartilage in the 8-week and 20-week model groups was severely damaged, with Pelletier and modified Mankin's scores significantly higher than those in the sham surgery group (both P<0.01). The Pelletier and modified Mankin's scores in the 20-week model group were significantly higher than those in the 8-week model group (P<0.01). Micro-CT observations revealed irregular joint surfaces, osteophyte formation, and signs of osteoporosis in both the 8-week and 20-week model groups, with the 20-week model group showing more loose bodies around the knee joints. Immunohistochemical staining showed increased expression of MMP13 and decreased expression of type II collagen in the knee joint tissues of the model groups, indicating that the balance of anabolic and catabolic metabolism in the joint cartilage was disrupted. MMP13 increased while type II collagen decreased. ConclusionThe surgical method of cutting the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and medial collateral ligament and removing the medial and lateral menisci successfully creates a moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis model in rats. Imaging examinations reveal osteophytes, osteoporosis, and loose bodies in the knee joints, while pathological observations show a reduction or even disappearance of joint cartilage, with a disruption in the balance of cartilage anabolic and catabolic metabolism.

Objective: To explore the relationship of sleep quality and emotional regulation difficulties in middle school students, and to analyze its mediating role of daytime dysfunction, social rejection and selfcontrol ability, so as to provide a scientific reference for improving middle school students mental health. Methods: From October to November, 2023, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Adolescent Social Rejection Questionnaire, Brief Selfcontrol Scale and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scaleshort Form (DERS-16) were used to assess 806 students recruited from four middle schools in Bengbu City by a convenient cluster random sampling method. And model-6 of PROCESS and 5 000 Bootstraps were used to make a chainmediating model analysis. Results: Daytime dysfunction was positively correlated with sleep quality(r=0.57), social rejection(r=0.19), selfcontrol(r=0.29, P＜0.01). Selfcontrol was positively correlated with emotional regulation difficulties(r=0.54, P<0.01).Poor sleep quality showed a significant positive association with on daytime dysfunction, and daytime dysfunction further affected social rejection, selfcontrol ability and emotional regulation difficulties (β=0.86, 0.60, 1.27, 1.56, P<0.05). Meanwhile, daytime dysfunction, social rejection and selfcontrol played a serial mediating role in the relationship between sleep quality and emotional regulation difficulties (Estimate=0.11,95%CI=0.04-0.20,P<0.05). Conclusion The study reveals the complex relationship between sleep quality and emotional regulation difficulties in middle school students and provides a new theoretical basis for adolescent sleep improvement and mental health interventions.

Objectives:To investigate the impact of baseline non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)levels on new-onset cardiovascular disease(CVD)in postmenopausal women. Methods:This prospective cohort study selected 8 893 postmenopausal women who participated from 2006 to 2018 employee health examination of Kailuan Group and had complete total cholesterol(TC)and HDL-C data and no history of CVD.Participants were followed up to 31 December,2021.The primary endpoint was the occurrence of CVD or death.According to the Chinese Lipid Management Guidelines(2023),the participants were divided into non-HDL-C<4.1 mmol/L group(n=6 079),4.1 mmol/L≤non-HDL-C<4.9 mmol/L group(n=1 824)and non-HDL-C≥4.9 mmol/L group(n=990).The cumulative incidence of CVD in different groups of non-HDL-C levels was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested by log-rank analysis.Multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the effects of different non-HDL-C levels on CVD. Results:The mean follow-up time was(10.78±4.48)years,the cumulative incidence of CVD in different non-HDL-C level groups was 1.82%,3.24%and 2.89%,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a statistically significant difference in cumulative incidence among the three groups(log-rank P<0.0001).The results of Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as age and sex,the HR(95%CI)values for CVD in the 4.1≤non-HDL-C<4.9 mmol/L group and the non-HDL-C≥4.9 mmol/L group were 1.40(1.13-1.74)and 1.35(1.03-1.78),respectively. Conclusions:High non-HDL-C levels are an independent risk factor for new-onset CVD in postmenopausal women.

Hearing loss has become increasingly prevalent and causes considerable disability, thus gravely burdening the global economy. Irreversible loss of hair cells is a main cause of sensorineural hearing loss, and currently, the only relatively effective clinical treatments are limited to digital hearing equipment like cochlear implants and hearing aids, but these are of limited benefit in patients. It is therefore urgent to understand the mechanisms of damage repair in order to develop new neuroprotective strategies. At present, how to promote the regeneration of functional hair cells is a key scientific question in the field of hearing research. Multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional factors trigger the activation of hair cell progenitors and ensure the maturation of newborn hair cells, and in this article, we first review the principal mechanisms underlying hair cell reproduction. We then further discuss therapeutic strategies involving the co-regulation of multiple signaling pathways in order to induce effective functional hair cell regeneration after degeneration, and we summarize current achievements in hair cell regeneration. Lastly, we discuss potential future approaches, such as small molecule drugs and gene therapy, which might be applied for regenerating functional hair cells in the clinic.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/physiology* ; Ear, Inner/physiology* ; Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology* ; Regeneration/genetics* ; Stem Cells

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.023.].

Objective To construct a risk prediction model for liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis C based on seven different machine learning algorithms and select the optimal model. Methods A total of 236 patients with chronic hepatitis C were selected as the research subjects. Patients were divided into a case group and a control group according to whether liver cancer occurs. Prediction models were constructed based on seven machine learning algorithms including classification and regression tree, random forest, gradient boosting decision tree, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression, K-near neighbor, and support vector machine. The Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) algorithm was used to interpret the best prediction model. Results Among the seven models, the XGBoost model had the best comprehensive prediction performance (accuracy of 0.933, sensitivity of 0.775, specificity of 0.960, area under the ROC curve of 0.956, F1 score of 0.764). The SHAP algorithm suggested that AFP, age, AST, diabetes, BMI, PLT, ALT, liver cysts, FIB-4, and gender contributed to the model decision and are the risk factors for liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Conclusion This study develops an interpretable machine learning model based on the XGBoost algorithm, which has a good reference value for individualized monitoring of liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Objective To explore the value of pelvic CT angiography(CTA)digital three-dimensional reconstruction model(abbreviated as"three-dimensional model")in the diagnosis of female pelvic mass.Methods A total of 98 patients with pelvic mass who were hospitalized and operated in Xi'an People's Hos-pital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital)from January 2021 to April 2023 were selected.All patients underwent B-ultra-sound and CTA examination before operation,and the original data of CTA were collected.The digital three-dimensional model of pelvic mass was established by three-dimensional reconstruction software,and the source of pelvic mass was judged according to the blood supply of pelvic mass.Taking postoperative pathological di-agnosis as the gold standard,the coincidence rate between different preoperative diagnosis methods(B-ultra-sound,CTA examination and three-dimensional model)was compared.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the efficacy of different preoperative diagnostic methods in judging the ovarian origin of pelvic tumors.Results A total of 130 pelvic masses were included in 98 patients,and the average maximum diameter of the mass was(71.61±3.03)mm,including 83 ovarian masses and 47 non-ovarian masses.Taking postoperative pathological diagnosis as the gold standard,the diagnostic coincidence rate of the preoperative three-dimensional model was 72.31％,which was higher than that of B-ultrasound(58.46％)and CTA(52.31％),and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy,Kappa value,and area under the ROC curve were 79.51％,91.49％,94.29％,71.67％,83.85％,0.67 and 0.855,respectively,when the three-dimensional model showed that the blood supply of the mass originated from ovarian artery or uterine artery-ovarian branch.Conclusion The three-dimensional model of pelvic CTA can directly display the blood supply source,characteristics of mass,and the relationship between mass and adjacent organs,which can guide the clinical treatment.It has certain clinical value to judge the ovarian origin of pelvic mass by using ovarian artery and uterine artery-ovarian branch.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of cataracts, the surgical coverage, and postoperative visual acuity of adults in Ningxia.Methods:A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster random sampling was conducted.Ten survey sites in Ningxia were selected and the population aged 18 years and over was surveyed with questionnaire, height and weight measurements, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus photography and slit-lamp examinations.Cataract prevalence and its influencing factors were analyzed.Cataract prevalence, surgical coverage and presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after surgery were investigated in different age groups of the examined population.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (No.[2023]-LL-010).Participants signed informed consent prior to the examination.Results:A total of 6 145 people should be examined, and 5 721 people were actually examined, with an examination rate of 93.10%.The study population consisted of 2 558 males, accounting for 44.71%, and 3 163 females, accounting for 55.28%, with ages ranging from 18 to 93 years old and an average age of (64.27±13.48) years.Among them, 1 180 patients diagnosed with cataract, with a cataract prevalence of 20.62%.The prevalence of cataract increased with age and decreased with education level, showing statistically significant differences ( χ2=1 091.32, 581.92; both at P<0.01).The prevalence of cataract was significantly higher among people with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and coronary heart disease than those without these diseases ( χ2=274.65, 118.15, 78.05, 182.71; all at P<0.01).Cataract surgery was performed in 245 cases in the cataract patient population, with a surgical coverage rate of 20.76%.Of the 245 cases, 229 cases were implanted with IOLs, with an implantation rate of 93.40%.The social burden rate of cataract blindness was 2.29%, and increased with age.Of the 339 eyes that underwent cataract surgery, 241 had a PVA≥0.3, accounting for 71.09%, and 272 had a BCVA≥0.3, accounting for 80.24%. Conclusions:In Ningxia, cataracts are still the main cause of vision impairment and blindness in the elderly, and the social burden rate of cataract blindness is high.Moreover, the coverage rate of cataract surgery is low, so both the coverage and quality of surgery need improvement.