Prescription optimization is a crucial aspect in the study of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compounds. In recent years， the introduction of mathematical methods， data mining techniques， and artificial neural networks has provided new tools for elucidating the compatibility rules of TCM compounds. The study of TCM compounds involves numerous variables， including the proportions of different herbs， the specific extraction parts of each ingredient， and the interactions among multiple components. These factors together create a complex nonlinear dose-effect relationship. In this context， it is essential to identify methods that suit the characteristics of TCM compounds and can leverage their advantages for effective application in new drug development. This paper provided a comprehensive review of the cutting-edge optimization experimental design methods applied in recent studies of TCM compound compatibilities. The key technical issues， such as the optimization of source material selection， dosage optimization of compatible herbs， and multi-objective optimization indicators， were discussed. Furthermore， the evaluation methods for component effects were summarized during the optimization process， so as to provide scientific and practical foundations for innovative research in TCM and the development of new drugs based on TCM compounds.

AIM: To explore the efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine A combined with olopatadine eye drops in treating allergic conjunctivitis-related dry eye disease.METHODS: A total of 63 patients(63 eyes)with allergic conjunctivitis-related dry eye disease in the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from August 2022 to April 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into control group(n=33)and observation group(n=30). The patients of the control group were administrated with 0.1% olopatadine eye drops and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while the observation group was administrated with 0.1% olopatadine eye drops and 0.05% cyclosporine A eye drops. The ocular surface disease index(OSDI), total ocular symptom score(TOSS), conjunctival congestion score, conjunctival papillae and follicle score, Schirmer I test(SⅠt), tear meniscus height(TMH), meibomian gland secretion ability and property score, meibomian gland loss area score, corneal fluorescein staining(CFS), tear film break-up time(BUT), noninvasive first tear film break-up time(NIBUTf), noninvasive average tear film break-up time(NIBUTav)before and after treatment and the drug safety during the treatment period of both groups of patients were evaluated.RESULTS: After treatment, OSDI, TOSS, conjunctival congestion score, conjunctival papillae and follicle score, SⅠt, TMH, meibomian gland secretion ability score and property score, CFS, BUT, NIBUTf, and NIBUTav of the observation group showed improvements compared with those before treatment(all P<0.017). Among these, OSDI, TOSS, conjunctival congestion score, conjunctival papillae and follicle score, BUT, NIBUTf, and NIBUTav demonstrated significant improvement compared with the control group(all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in meibomian gland loss area score between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). During the treatment period, there were no local or systemic adverse reactions.CONCLUSION: The combined use of 0.05% cyclosporine A and olopatadine eye drops can significantly improve ocular discomfort symptoms of patients with dry eye disease associated with allergic conjunctivitis, such as red eyes, itchy eyes and foreign body sensation, promote tear film stability and have high safety.

By systematically combing ancient and modern literature， this paper examined Tribuli Fructus and Astragali Complanati Semen（ACS） used in the famous classical formulas from the aspects of name， origin， production area， harvesting and processing， clinical efficacy， so as to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing such medicinal materials. The results showed that the names of Tribuli Fructus in the past dynasties were mostly derived from its morphology， and there were nicknames such as Baijili， Cijili and Dujili. The name of ACS in the past dynasties were mostly originated from its production areas， and there were nicknames such as Baijili， Shayuan Jili and Tongjili. Because both of them had the name of Baijili， confusion began to appear in the Song dynasty. In ancient and modern times， the main origin of Tribuli Fructus were Tribulus terrestris， and ancient literature recorded the genuine producing areas of Tribuli Fructus was Dali in Shaanxi and Tianshui in Gansu， but today it is mainly cultivated in Anhui and Shandong. The fruit is the medicinal part， harvested in autumn throughout history. There is no description of the quality of Tribuli Fructus in ancient times， and the plump， firm texture， grayish-white color is the best in modern times. Traditional processing methods for Tribuli Fructus included stir-frying and wine processing， while modern commonly used is purified， fried and salt-processed. The ancient records of Tribuli Fructus were spicy， bitter， and warm in nature， with modern research adding that it is slightly toxic. The main effects of ancient and modern times include treating wind disorders， improving vision， promoting muscle growth， and treating vitiligo. The mainstream base of ACS used throughout history is Astragalus complanatus. Ancient texts indicated ACS primarily originated from Shaanxi province. Today， the finest varieties come from Tongguan and Dali in Shaanxi. The medicinal part is the seed， traditionally harvested in autumn. Modern harvesting occurs in late autumn or early winter， followed by sun-drying. Ancient texts valued seeds with a fragrant aroma as superior， while modern standards prioritize plump， uniform and free of impurities. Traditional processing methods for ACS included frying until blackened and wine-frying， while modern practice commonly employs purification methods. In terms of medicinal properties， the ancient and modern records are sweet and warm in nature. Due to originally classified under Tribuli Fructus， its effects were thus regarded as equivalent to those of Tribuli Fructus， serving as the medicine for treating wind disorders， additional functions included tonifying the kidneys and treating vitiligo. The present record of its efficacy is to tonify the kidney and promote Yang， solidify sperm and reduce urine， nourish the liver and brighten the eye， etc. Based on the textual research results， it is suggested that when developing the famous classical formulas of Tribuli Fructus medicinal materials， we should pay attention to the specific reference object of Baijili， T. terrestris and A. complanatus should be identified and selected， and the processing method should be in accordance with the requirements of the formulas.

Sigma-1 receptor (σ ₁R) has become a focus point of drug discovery for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. A series of novel 1-phenylethan-1-one O-(2-aminoethyl) oxime derivatives were synthesized. In vitro biological evaluation led to the identification of 1a, 14a, 15d and 16d as the most high-affinity (K _i < 4 nmol/L) and selective σ ₁R agonists. Among these, 15d, the most metabolically stable derivative exhibited high selectivity for σ ₁R in relation to σ ₂R and 52 other human targets. In addition to low CYP450 inhibition and induction, 15d also exhibited high brain permeability and excellent oral bioavailability. Importantly, 15d demonstrated effective antipsychotic potency, particularly for alleviating negative symptoms and improving cognitive impairment in experimental animal models, both of which are major challenges for schizophrenia treatment. Moreover, 15d produced no significant extrapyramidal symptoms, exhibiting superior pharmacological profiles in relation to current antipsychotic drugs. Mechanistically, 15d inhibited GSK3β and enhanced prefrontal BDNF expression and excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons. Collectively, these in vivo proof-of-concept findings provide substantial experimental evidence to demonstrate that modulating σ ₁R represents a potential new therapeutic approach for schizophrenia. The novel chemical entity along with its favorable drug-like and pharmacological profile of 15d renders it a promising candidate for treating schizophrenia.

Objective To investigate the depression and anxiety status of patients with melasma,and analyze the influencing factors to provide a basis for developing more accurate psychological intervention measures for patients with melasma.Methods Patients with melasma who were admitted to Department of Dermatology,Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July to October 2023 were selected as the research objects.Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the relevant information of pa-tients with melasma.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of depression and anxiety in patients with melasma.Results A total of 145 patients with melasma were collected,there were 40 patients with depression,including 26 pa-tients with mild depression,11 patients with moderate depression,and 3 patients with severe depression;there were 25 patients with anxi-ety,including 18 patients with mild anxiety,6 patients with moderate anxiety,and 1 patients with severe anxiety.The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that monthly income＞3000 yuan was a protective factor for depression in patients with melasma,while quality of life＞30 points was a risk factor for depression in patients with melasma.Activity period and quality of life＞30 points were risk factors for anxiety in patients with melasma.Conclusion The detection rate of depression in patients with melasma was 27.6％,and the detection rate of anxiety was 17.2％.Monthly income and quality of life were independent influencing factors of depression;clinical stage and quality of life were independent influencing factors for anxiety.

ObjectiveThe differential expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） between the active stage and the remission stage of ulcerative colitis （UC） was analyzed by bioinformatics method， and the regulatory relationship was constructed by screening the differentially expressed genes （DEGs）. The mechanism of Xizhuo Jiedu recipe in the treatment of UC was speculated and verified by animal experiments. MethodThe miRNAs data set of colonic mucosa tissue of UC patients was obtained from the gene expression database （GEO）， and the most differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by GEO2R， Excel， and other tools as research objects. TargetScan， miRTarbase， miRDB， STRING， TRRUST， and Matescape databases were used to screen key DEGs， predict downstream transcription factors （TFs）， gene ontology （GO）， and conduct Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis. The key signaling pathways were selected for animal experiments. In animal experiments， the UC mouse model was prepared by making the mouse freely drink 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate （DSS）. Xiezhu Jiedu recipe and mesalazine were given by gavage for seven days， and the inflammatory infiltration of colonic mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of miR-155-5p in colon tissue. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of cytokine signal transduction inhibitor （SOCS1）， phosphorylated transcriptional signal transductor and activator 3 （p-STAT3）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 （p-JAK2）， and retinoic acid-associated orphan receptor-γt （ROR-γt）. The expression levels of transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， interleukin-17 （IL-17）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultThe GSE48957 dataset was screened from the GEO database， and miR-155-5p was selected as the research object from the samples in the active and remission stages. 131 DEGs were screened. The GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was closely related to biological processes such as positive regulation of miRNA transcription and protein phosphorylation， as well as signaling pathways such as stem cell signaling pathway， IL-17 signaling pathway， and helper T cell 17 （Th17） cell differentiation. The Matescape database was used to screen out 10 key DEGs， among which SOCS1 was one of the key DEGs of miR-155-5p. Further screening of the TFS of key DEGs revealed that STAT3 was one of the main TFs of SOCS1. The results of animal experiments showed that Xiezhu Jiedu Recipe could effectively down-regulate the mRNA expression of miR-155-5p and protein expression of p-STAT3， p-JAK2， and ROR-γt in colon tissue of UC mice and the expression of IL-17 and IL-6 in serum of UC mice， up-regulate the protein expression of SOCS1 and the expression of TGF-β and IL-10， increase the level of anti-inflammatory factors， and reduce inflammatory cell infiltration. ConclusionIt is speculated that Xizhuo Jiedu recipe may interfere with SOCS1 by regulating the expression of miR-155-5p in UC mice， inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3， inhibit the differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells into Th17 cells， reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory factors （IL-17 and IL-6）， and increase the levels of anti-inflammatory factors （TGF-β and IL-10）. As a result， the inflammation of colon mucosa in UC mice was alleviated.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of occupational burnout among bus drivers in Wuhu City and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A survey was conducted in 1 388 bus drivers in Wuhu City from Sep to Nov 2022 using the general information questionnaire,the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS),and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of occupational burnout in bus drivers.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between occupational burnout and sleep quality.Results:Among 1 388 bus drivers,642(46.3%)were positive for occupational burnout,and 139(10.0%)were found to have sleep disorders.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that longer bus driving experience(OR=1.873,95%CI:1.325-2.648),lower monthly income(OR=0.376,95%CI:0.158-0.774),higher smoking frequency(OR=1.313,95%CI:1.188-2.163),higher drinking frequency(OR=1.342,95%CI:1.018-1.769),lower weekly physical exercise frequency(OR=0.367,95%CI:0.243-0.555),and poor sleep quality(OR=13.110,95%CI:7.284-23.594)were the influencing factors of bus driver occupational burnout(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the total score of occupational burnout and its dimension scores were positively correlated with the total score of sleep quality and its dimension scores(rs=0.12-0.83,P＜0.01).Conclusion:The problem of occupational burnout among bus drivers in Wuhu City is relatively serious,and a part of people have sleep problems,which should be paid great attention to and active measures should be taken in time.

Objective:To study the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence B-ultrasound image computer-aided diagnosis system (hereinafter referred to as intelligent ultrasound system) in adult goiter.Methods:In June 2022 and March 2023, two phases of thyroid disease survey were carried out in 4 cities in Anhui Province. One village was selected in each city, and 250 adults were selected as survey subjects in each village. Adult bilateral thyroid area was scanned by both intelligent ultrasound system and conventional ultrasound scanning equipment, and the effectiveness of intelligent ultrasound system in the diagnosis of goiter was analyzed based on the results of conventional ultrasound examination. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency between intelligent ultrasound system and conventional ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of goiter. At the same time, Spearman correlation analysis and Bland-Altman method were used to evaluate the consistency of the two methods in measuring thyroid volume.Results:After screening and removing outliers and missing values, a total of 910 adults were included, including 253 males (27.80%) and 657 females (72.20%). The age was (45.92 ± 10.20) years old, ranging from 18 to 60 years old. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the intelligent ultrasound system for diagnosing adult goiter were 80.00%, 99.67%, and 99.56%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.996, which was consistent with the results of conventional ultrasound examination for diagnosing goiter ( κ = 0.67, P < 0.001). After controlling for variables such as gender, thyroid function, and thyroid nodules, the intelligent ultrasound system showed good consistency with conventional ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of goiter in females, adults with thyroid dysfunction, and adults without thyroid nodules ( κ = 0.66, 0.80, 0.80, P < 0.001). The consistency in the diagnosis of goiter in adults with thyroid nodules was moderate ( κ = 0.56, P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed a highly positive correlation between the measurement results of adult thyroid volume by intelligent ultrasound system and conventional ultrasound examination ( r = 0.88, P < 0.001). The Bland-Altman method results showed that only 4.62% (42/910) of points in adults were outside the 95% consistency limit, indicating good consistency between intelligent ultrasound system and conventional ultrasound examination in measuring thyroid volume (< 5%). The proportion of points outside the 95% consistency limit in males, adults with thyroid dysfunction, and adults with thyroid nodules was 6.72% (17/253), 5.83% (12/206), and 6.45% (12/186), respectively. Conclusions:The intelligent ultrasound system has certain diagnostic value for adult goiter and has good consistency with conventional ultrasound examination for thyroid volume measurement. However, the accuracy of diagnosis for males and adults with thyroid nodules still needs to be improved.

Goiter is a kind of non-inflammatory and non-neoplastic hyperplasia and enlargement. Many studies have shown that substances such as thiocyanates and isothiocyanates can prevent the development of a variety of tumors. However, some studies have also found that such substances can lead to goiter. In this article, relevant information on common goitrogen in food are collected to explore their mechanism of action, laying a foundation for guiding residents to maintain a healthy and balanced diet.