Objective:To analyze the blood-transition prototype components and metabolites of Fengliaoxing Fengshi Dieda medicinal liquor.Methods:Ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyquadrupole/electrostatic field orbital trap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS) technique was used to compare the chromatogram differences of Fengliaoxing Fengshi Dieda medicinal liquor extract, blank serum and drug-containing serum. According to the retention time, relative molecular weight and the ratio with primary and secondary ion fragments provided by MS, the prototype components and metabolites of Fengliaoxing Fengshi Dieda medicinal liquor extract were analyzed in serum of rats after oral administration. The detection conditions were as follows: the mobile phase of methanol (A)-0.1% formic acid solution (B) for elution gradient (0-5 min, 5%A; 5-60 min, 5%-95%A; 60-65 min, 95%A), the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min, heated electrospray ionization, detection range of m/z 80-1 200, positive and negative ion scanning modes.Results:A total of 31 transitional components were detected in the serum, of which 9 were prototype components and 22 were metabolites. The 9 prototype components were identified as phenylacetaldehyde, baogongteng C/ erycibellin, p-coumaric acid, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, quinic acid, paeonol, 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, salicylic acid, and isourecumenol. The 22 metabolites mainly consist of 11 organic acid components, 3 indole components, 2 organic phenolic components, 2 alkaloid components, 1 nucleoside component, 1 amino acid component, 1 lactone component, and 1 sulfonic component. The metabolic pathways were mainly glucuronidation, sulfation and others, which by phase Ⅱ metabolism.Conclusion:Organic phenols and organic acids are the main components that enter the body of Fengliaoxing Fengshi Dieda Medicinal Liquor, while alkaloid compounds and organic acid components may be potential active ingredients for its pharmacological effects.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Chai Yin Granules combined with oseltamivir on treatment of the children with influenza virus infection and observe the impact on microribonucleic acid(miR)-223/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)axis.METHODS A total of 104 children with influenza virus infection who were treated in Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Jan.2023 to Jan.2024 were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into the study group with 52 cases and the control group with 52 cases.The study group was given Chai Yin Granules on basis of the treatment of the control group,the control group was given basic anti-infection therapy plus oseltamivir phosphate granules,and both groups were treated for 5 consecutive days.The clinical curative effect was compared between the two group;the time of im-provement of clinical symptoms,arterial blood gases(ABG)indexes,inflammatory indexes and miR-223/NLRP3 axis indexes before the treatment and after the treatment for 5 days as well as the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment period were observed and compared between the two groups of children.RESULTS The total effective rate of the study group was 92.31％after the treatment for 5 days,higher than 76.92％of the control group(x2=4.727,P=0.030).The duration of virus turning to be negative,disappearance of sore throat,disap-pearance of cough and fever abatement was shorter in the study group than in the control group(P＜0.05).The ar-terial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),pH,PaO2/oxygen concentration(FiO2)and miR-223 level of the two groups of children were higher after the treatment for 5 days than before the treatment;the above indexes of the study group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),NLRP3 and inflammatory indexes levels were lower after the treatment for 5 days than before the treat-ment(P＜0.05),and the levels of above indexes of the study group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.CONCLUSION Chai Yin Granules combined with oseltamivir can effectively improve the ABG indexes and clinical symptoms of the children with influenza virus infection and relieve the inflammatory reactions by regulating the ac-tivity of miR-223/NLRP3 axis so as to improve the illness condition of the children with influenza virus infection and boost the clinical curative effect,with the safety favorable.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), and heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with unstable angina (UA).Methods:This study was a retrospective study. The data of 196 UA patients who underwent PCI treatment in Xi′an Daxing Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were collected through the hospital′s electronic medical record system. The patients were followed up for 6 months after PCI, and the follow-up data were completed. According to the occurrence of heart failure during the follow-up period, they were divided into the occurrence group (35 cases) and the non occurrence group (161 cases). The general data, serum sVCAM-1, HMGB1 and other laboratory indicators before PCI were compared between the two groups, and the relationship between serum sVCAM-1, HMGB1 and the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI was analyzed.Results:Compared with the non occurrence group, the occurrence group had higher proportion of diabetes mellitus and multi-vessel disease : 28.57% (10/35) vs. 13.66% (22/161), 62.86% (22/35) vs. 32.30% (52/161); larger left ventricular diameter : (4.73 ± 0.54) cm vs (4.52 ± 0.51) cm; higher levels of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), sVCAM-1 and HMGB1: 0.07 (0.05, 0.08) μg/L vs. 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) μg/L, (8.16 ± 1.58) μg/L vs. (7.08 ± 1.21) μg/L, (458.26 ± 41.23) μg/L vs. (422.19 ± 37.41) μg/L, (6.39 ± 1.44) μg/L vs. (5.24 ± 1.45) μg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI may be related to a larger left ventricular diameter, abnormal levels of serum cTnI, sVCAM-1, and HMGB1 ( P<0.05). Restrictive cubic spline (RCS) analysis revealed a non-linear dose-response relationship between serum sVCAM-1, HMGB1, and the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI ( P<0.05). When serum sVCAM-1 ≥ 422.37 μg/L and HMGB1 ≥ 5.26 μg/L, the risk of heart failure in patients after PCI increased with the level of both. Serum sVCAM-1 and HMGB1 had a positive interactive effect on the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI. Decision curves and column charts were drawn to measure the model, it was found that the predictive model constructed with serum sVCAM-1 and HMGB1 assisted serum cTnI had certain predictive efficacy for the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI. Conclusions:The occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI may be related to abnormally high levels of sVCAM-1 and HMGB1. As the levels of both increase, the risk of heart failure in patients increases. Using both to assist in predicting the risk of heart failure in patients has certain value.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), and heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with unstable angina (UA).Methods:This study was a retrospective study. The data of 196 UA patients who underwent PCI treatment in Xi′an Daxing Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were collected through the hospital′s electronic medical record system. The patients were followed up for 6 months after PCI, and the follow-up data were completed. According to the occurrence of heart failure during the follow-up period, they were divided into the occurrence group (35 cases) and the non occurrence group (161 cases). The general data, serum sVCAM-1, HMGB1 and other laboratory indicators before PCI were compared between the two groups, and the relationship between serum sVCAM-1, HMGB1 and the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI was analyzed.Results:Compared with the non occurrence group, the occurrence group had higher proportion of diabetes mellitus and multi-vessel disease : 28.57% (10/35) vs. 13.66% (22/161), 62.86% (22/35) vs. 32.30% (52/161); larger left ventricular diameter : (4.73 ± 0.54) cm vs (4.52 ± 0.51) cm; higher levels of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), sVCAM-1 and HMGB1: 0.07 (0.05, 0.08) μg/L vs. 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) μg/L, (8.16 ± 1.58) μg/L vs. (7.08 ± 1.21) μg/L, (458.26 ± 41.23) μg/L vs. (422.19 ± 37.41) μg/L, (6.39 ± 1.44) μg/L vs. (5.24 ± 1.45) μg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI may be related to a larger left ventricular diameter, abnormal levels of serum cTnI, sVCAM-1, and HMGB1 ( P<0.05). Restrictive cubic spline (RCS) analysis revealed a non-linear dose-response relationship between serum sVCAM-1, HMGB1, and the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI ( P<0.05). When serum sVCAM-1 ≥ 422.37 μg/L and HMGB1 ≥ 5.26 μg/L, the risk of heart failure in patients after PCI increased with the level of both. Serum sVCAM-1 and HMGB1 had a positive interactive effect on the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI. Decision curves and column charts were drawn to measure the model, it was found that the predictive model constructed with serum sVCAM-1 and HMGB1 assisted serum cTnI had certain predictive efficacy for the occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI. Conclusions:The occurrence of heart failure in UA patients after PCI may be related to abnormally high levels of sVCAM-1 and HMGB1. As the levels of both increase, the risk of heart failure in patients increases. Using both to assist in predicting the risk of heart failure in patients has certain value.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Chai Yin Granules combined with oseltamivir on treatment of the children with influenza virus infection and observe the impact on microribonucleic acid(miR)-223/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)axis.METHODS A total of 104 children with influenza virus infection who were treated in Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Jan.2023 to Jan.2024 were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into the study group with 52 cases and the control group with 52 cases.The study group was given Chai Yin Granules on basis of the treatment of the control group,the control group was given basic anti-infection therapy plus oseltamivir phosphate granules,and both groups were treated for 5 consecutive days.The clinical curative effect was compared between the two group;the time of im-provement of clinical symptoms,arterial blood gases(ABG)indexes,inflammatory indexes and miR-223/NLRP3 axis indexes before the treatment and after the treatment for 5 days as well as the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment period were observed and compared between the two groups of children.RESULTS The total effective rate of the study group was 92.31％after the treatment for 5 days,higher than 76.92％of the control group(x2=4.727,P=0.030).The duration of virus turning to be negative,disappearance of sore throat,disap-pearance of cough and fever abatement was shorter in the study group than in the control group(P＜0.05).The ar-terial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),pH,PaO2/oxygen concentration(FiO2)and miR-223 level of the two groups of children were higher after the treatment for 5 days than before the treatment;the above indexes of the study group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),NLRP3 and inflammatory indexes levels were lower after the treatment for 5 days than before the treat-ment(P＜0.05),and the levels of above indexes of the study group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.CONCLUSION Chai Yin Granules combined with oseltamivir can effectively improve the ABG indexes and clinical symptoms of the children with influenza virus infection and relieve the inflammatory reactions by regulating the ac-tivity of miR-223/NLRP3 axis so as to improve the illness condition of the children with influenza virus infection and boost the clinical curative effect,with the safety favorable.

Objective To explore the research hotspots and development trends of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in the past 20 years,and to provide reference for related research.Methods Literatures on Ziziphi Spinosae Semen were searched from January 1,2000 to December 31,2022 in CNKI,Web of Science Core Collection Database.VOS viewer software was used to visually analyze the citation frequency,research institutions and keyword hotspots of English literatures.CiteSpace software was used to visually analyze research institutions,authors,emergence keywords and keyword overlap time of Chinese literatures,and Microsoft Excel 2021 software was used to analyze of annual publication trends and publication volume of Chinese and English literatures,and download frequency of Chinese literatures.Results A total of 4 872 Chinese and 128 English literatures were included,with an overall upward trend in the number of annual publications.The research institutions with the highest number of publications in Chinese and English were Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tianjin University of Commerce,and the authors with the highest number of publications were DU Chenhui and XIE Junbo,respectively.The most frequent keywords in Chinese literatures were"Ziziphi Spinosae Semen","composed"and"application of compound therapy",and in English literatures were"performance","oxidative stress".Conclusion From 2000 to 2022,the research hotspots of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen mainly focused on the chemical composition,pharmacological effects and clinical application analysis,compatibility research,formulation and preparation.Quality control and evaluation of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,and the research on the mechanism of preventing and treating insomnia with Ziziphi Spinosae Semen may become future research directions.

Objective:To study and screen the differential expression of inflammatory proteins in diabetes skin ulcers and common skin ulcers, so as to provide experimental basis for further research on anti-inflammatory and healing drug targets of diabetes skin ulcers.Methods:The tissues of 11 patients with diabetes skin ulcer, 12 patients with common skin ulcer and 11 patients with normal skin were collected from the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine. The levels of inflammatory protein Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory factor interferon -γ (IFN -γ), tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF -α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), anti-inflammatory factors epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected in three groups of tissues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Compared with normal tissues, the concentrations of TLR4, NF-κB, IFN -γ, TNF -α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and EGF in common ulcer skin tissues and diabetes ulcer tissues were higher, and the concentrations of IL-10 were lower, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05); Compared with the normal tissue, the concentration of IL-4 in diabetes ulcer tissue was lower, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); Compared with ordinary ulcer skin tissue, the concentrations of TLR4, NF-κB and MCP-1 in diabetes ulcer tissue were higher, and the concentrations of IL-4 were lower, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The skin ulcer in diabetes patients will have inflammatory reaction, and high glucose promotes the inflammatory reaction of skin ulcer, which may be related to the abnormal expression of TLR4, NF-κB, MCP-1 and IL-4. TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway and inflammatory factors MCP-1 and IL-4 may be the target of the inflammation regulation of diabetes skin ulcer.

ObjectiveA rapid method for identification of chemical constituents in Baoyuantang reference sample was established in order to clarify the material basis of this formula. MethodBased on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） and self-established database information， the chemical components in Baoyuantang were systematically characterized and identified. The chromatography was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution（B） for gradient elution（0-3 min， 2%-19%B； 3-8 min， 19%B； 8-8.1 min， 19%-22%B； 8.1-14 min， 22%-29%B； 14-16 min， 29%B； 16-32 min， 29%-45%B； 32-32.1 min， 45%-90%B； 32.1-35 min， 90%-95%B； 35-36 min， 95%-98%B； 36-37 min， 98%-2%B； 37-40 min， 2%B）. Based on electrospray ionization（ESI）， continuum data format was collected in both positive and negative ion modes with a scanning range of m/z 50-1 500. Chemical constituents in the decoction of Baoyuantang were systematically analyzed by UNIFI 1.9.4 software matching， control comparison， The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine（ETCM） database search and literature reports. ResultA total of 229 components were identified under negative ion mode and 181 under positive ion mode， with a total of 322 components after removing duplicates， including 116 triterpene saponins， 66 flavonoids， 19 organic acids， 6 gingerphenols， 6 gingerols， 5 gingerones， 10 amino acids， 7 saccharides， 5 coumarins and 82 other components. Among them， 83， 141， 39， 35 and 38 components were attributed to Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Cortex and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， respectively. ConclusionIn this study， the rapid characterization and identification of multi-class components in Baoyuantang was realized， and it was confirmed that the material basis of this formula was mainly triterpenoid saponins， flavonoids， gingerols and organic acids， and the chemical composition was attributed and analyzed， which provided a reference for the subsequent quality control research.

Candidiasis has a high morbidity and mortality worldwide,and its main causative agent is Candi-da albicans.At present,the treatment effect of candidiasis is not ideal due to the shortcomings of antifungal drugs,such as toxicity,drug resistance,single route of administration,and high price.In order to overcome this situation,metal nanoparticles with antifungal activity and the potential to deliver antifungal drugs have been extensively studied.In this paper,the mechanism and application of gold,silver,copper and iron nanoparticles against Candida albicans are reviewed.Compared with traditional antifungal drugs,metal nanoparticles exert antifungal effects through a multi-target mechanism,which minimizes the emergence of antifungal resistance.Cytotoxicity limits the application of metal nanoparticles,but green synthesis can reduce the cytotoxicity of metal nanoparticles and improve antimicrobial properties.

Ziziphi spinosae semen mainly contains contents of saponins,flavonoids,alkaloids and aliphatic acids.Meanwhile,it has a variety of activities such as sedative-hypnotic,anti-anxiety,anti-depression,nerve protection,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection,liver protection,and antioxidant,which is widely used in medicine,food,health food and other fields.The chemical constituents,pharmacological action and clinical application of Ziziphi spinosae semen were systematically summarized in this paper by reviewing the literature,in order to provide theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of the resources and the rational use of Ziziphi spinosae semen.