OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of action of herb pair of Angelica sinensis-Poria cocos in intervening in allergic rhinitis. METHODS The core targets of herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos in intervening in allergic rhinitis were predicted through network pharmacology. Allergic rhinitis model of rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of aluminum hydroxide and ovalbumin mixture， and the rats were randomly divided into model group， loratadine group （positive control group， 0.9 mg/kg）， and low-， medium-， high-dose groups of herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos （3， 6 and 12 g/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 healthy rats were used as the normal group. Each group of rats was intragastrically administered the corresponding liquid or normal saline once a day for 30 consecutive days. After the last administration， the behavioral scores of each group of rats were calculated， the levels of immunoglobulin E （IgE）， histamine， interleukin-4 （IL-4） in serum， and the protein expression levels of IL-6， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2） in nasal mucosa tissue were detected. The pathological morphology changes of nasal mucosa tissue were observed. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis revealed that IL-6， TNF and PTGS2 might play a key role in the intervention of allergic rhinitis by herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos， and the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways might be the typical inflammatory signaling pathways intervened by herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos in allergic rhinitis. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the model group， the behavioral score， the levels of IgE， histamine and IL-4， and the protein expressions of IL-6， TNF-α and PTGS2 in each administration group were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， and there was a dose-dependent relationship with the herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos can effectively alleviate the symptoms of rats with allergic rhinitis， the mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of the expressions of IL-6， TNF-α and PTGS2.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic efficacy of micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation following extraction of mandibular molars with severe periodontitis compared with natural healing, and to preliminarily propose the surgical indication. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from patients with mandibular molars with severe periodontitis either receiving micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation (MCF-ARP group) or undergoing natural healing in department of periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from September 2013 to June 2021. Cone-beam computed tomography scannings performed before/immediately after extraction (as baseline) and repeated before implantation (after the extraction socket healing) were used to measure the ridge width, height and volumetric changes of the sockets, and the proportion of guided bone regeneration (GBR) during implant therapy were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Between baseline and healing, significant differences in changes of MCF-ARP group [(8.34±2.81) mm] and natural healing group [(3.82±3.58) mm] in the distances from mandibular canal to center of the tooth socket were recorded (P < 0.001). The ridge width at 1 mm below the most coronal aspect of the crest increased by (3.50±4.88) mm in the MCF-ARP group but decreased by (0.16±5.70) mm in the natural healing group, respectively (P=0.019). After healing, the MCF-ARP group showed the distances from mandibular canal to center of the tooth socket >8 mm in all the cases, with 97.1% exceeding 10 mm. Natural healing group displayed 23.1% of the cases with center bone height < 8 mm and 61.5% exceeding 10 mm. Volume changes at the buccal and lingual aspect as well as the total socket were significantly greater in the MCF-ARP group compared with natural healing group (P < 0.001).At the time of implantation, GBR was performed in 5 out of 68 subjects (8.3%) in the MCF-ARP group, whereas 8 out of 26 subjects (30.8%) in the natural healing group required GBR, reflecting significant difference (P=0.003). CONCLUSION In the sites of mandibular molars with severe periodontitis, when the distances from mandibular canal to center of the tooth socket was not enough (less than 7 mm), clinicians could consider performing the micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation to achieve augmentation for alveolar ridge and reduce the proportion of guided bone regeneration during implant therapy to reduce the difficulty and risk of injuries during implant therapy.
Humans ; Tooth Extraction ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Molar/surgery* ; Mandible/surgery* ; Female ; Periodontitis/surgery* ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation/methods* ; Alveolar Process/surgery* ; Tooth Socket/diagnostic imaging* ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods*

To reduce the subjectivity and uncertainty present in the current international methods of drug value pricing when converting value into monetary prices,based on the hedonic pricing theory,it considers the post-negotiation price between manufacturers and payers as a reasonable price reference in the value pricing of Chinese patent medicine.By constructing an indicator system for the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine,it selects and measures the value characteristic variables that affect the price of Chinese patent medicine.It serves as the theoretical foundation and research basis for establishing a Hedonic price model between characteristic price variables and negotiation prices,thereby promoting the enhancement of rationality and objectivity in value-guided pricing of Chinese patent medicine.

Objective The purpose is to sort out the key steps and core indicators of priority setting for health technology assessment,and provide references for the research of priority setting for health technology assessment in China.Methods To search information from the official website of the World Health Organization,the websites of international health technology assessment agencies/organizations,and CNKI,Wanfang,Pubmed,Embase and other databases related for the setting of health technology assessment priority topics,and the key steps and core indicators of the setting of priority topics were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis.Results 21 priority setting schemes for health technology assessment were finally incorporated,and the key steps were extracted to set indicators for collecting evaluations.Ratings and rankings and review decisions.The core indicators are disease burden,economic impact and clinical/health impact.Conclusion The key steps and core indicators of international priority setting provide rich practical experience for China's health technology assessment priority setting,which should be actively used for reference to promote evidence-based and scientific decision-making of health technology assessment in China.

To reduce the subjectivity and uncertainty present in the current international methods of drug value pricing when converting value into monetary prices,based on the hedonic pricing theory,it considers the post-negotiation price between manufacturers and payers as a reasonable price reference in the value pricing of Chinese patent medicine.By constructing an indicator system for the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine,it selects and measures the value characteristic variables that affect the price of Chinese patent medicine.It serves as the theoretical foundation and research basis for establishing a Hedonic price model between characteristic price variables and negotiation prices,thereby promoting the enhancement of rationality and objectivity in value-guided pricing of Chinese patent medicine.

Objective The purpose is to sort out the key steps and core indicators of priority setting for health technology assessment,and provide references for the research of priority setting for health technology assessment in China.Methods To search information from the official website of the World Health Organization,the websites of international health technology assessment agencies/organizations,and CNKI,Wanfang,Pubmed,Embase and other databases related for the setting of health technology assessment priority topics,and the key steps and core indicators of the setting of priority topics were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis.Results 21 priority setting schemes for health technology assessment were finally incorporated,and the key steps were extracted to set indicators for collecting evaluations.Ratings and rankings and review decisions.The core indicators are disease burden,economic impact and clinical/health impact.Conclusion The key steps and core indicators of international priority setting provide rich practical experience for China's health technology assessment priority setting,which should be actively used for reference to promote evidence-based and scientific decision-making of health technology assessment in China.

Objective:To evaluate the survival rate, success rate, soft tissue conditions and marginal bone level changes of implants following micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation at molar extraction sockets with severe periodontitis, compared to natural healing.Methods:From March 2015 to January 2017, patients scheduled for molar extraction as a consequence of severe periodontitis and planned implant-retained prostheses from Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were selected. A total of 40 molar extraction sockets from 40 patients received implant placement following micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation or natural healing. The front consecutive 20 teeth were assigned to the natural healing group, and the back ones were assigned to the micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation (MCF-ARP) group. The superstructures were placed 6 months later. Within 2 weeks (baseline) and 1, 2 and 3 years after implant crown restoration, modified plaque index, probing depth, modified bleeding index and keratinized tissue width were recorded every six months. Parallel periapical radiographs were taken to evaluate the peri-implant marginal bone level and to calculate marginal bone loss. Independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences in the above clinical and imaging indicators between the two groups. Results:The implant survival rate and success rate of the two groups were both 100% (20/20). There were no significant differences in the modified plaque index, probing depth, modified bleeding index, buccal keratinized tissue width and marginal bone loss between two groups at 1, 2 and 3 years after implant crown restoration (all P>0.05). Marginal bone loss was 0.22 (0.14, 0.34) mm in the natural healing group and 0.21 (0.12, 0.30) mm in the MCF-ARP group at a 3-year post-loading evaluation. Conclusions:Within the limitations of the present study, implants placed at ridge preserved and naturally healed molar extraction sockets with severe periodontitis demonstrate comparable clinical outcomes at a 3-year post-loading evaluation.

In the context of delayed marriage and parenthood, decreased willingness in having children, and population aging in China, maternal and child health has become an important and urgent issue. Being essential platforms for research in maternal and child health, the importance of birth cohorts has been widely recognized. In the past 20 years, tens of birth cohorts have been established in major cities and regions of China, with cohorts ranging from thousands to hundreds of thousands. These cohorts, particularly those large ones launched in recent years, have collected a wide spectrum of data and biological samples from mothers and children. Although they have made considerable preliminary achievements, there remain difficulties and challenges. The significant challenges include small and medium-sized cohorts' lacking of clear research themes; insufficient recognition of and emphasis on behavioral and social determinants of health while emphasizing biological determinants of health; variations in types of variables and quality of data collected, which make it difficult for cohorts to be merged and shared; lack of and difficulties in long-term follow-up; significant uncertainties in resources for long-term sustention of the cohorts, and so on. So, we argue that birth cohorts should focus on essential and urgent issues in maternal and child health in the country and seek recognition and support from the government and the entire society. Last but not least, the overall success of birth cohorts in the country requires scientists to be not only academically capable, but also realistic, persistent, altruistic, and collaborative.

To reduce the subjectivity and uncertainty present in the current international methods of drug value pricing when converting value into monetary prices,based on the hedonic pricing theory,it considers the post-negotiation price between manufacturers and payers as a reasonable price reference in the value pricing of Chinese patent medicine.By constructing an indicator system for the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine,it selects and measures the value characteristic variables that affect the price of Chinese patent medicine.It serves as the theoretical foundation and research basis for establishing a Hedonic price model between characteristic price variables and negotiation prices,thereby promoting the enhancement of rationality and objectivity in value-guided pricing of Chinese patent medicine.

Objective The purpose is to sort out the key steps and core indicators of priority setting for health technology assessment,and provide references for the research of priority setting for health technology assessment in China.Methods To search information from the official website of the World Health Organization,the websites of international health technology assessment agencies/organizations,and CNKI,Wanfang,Pubmed,Embase and other databases related for the setting of health technology assessment priority topics,and the key steps and core indicators of the setting of priority topics were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis.Results 21 priority setting schemes for health technology assessment were finally incorporated,and the key steps were extracted to set indicators for collecting evaluations.Ratings and rankings and review decisions.The core indicators are disease burden,economic impact and clinical/health impact.Conclusion The key steps and core indicators of international priority setting provide rich practical experience for China's health technology assessment priority setting,which should be actively used for reference to promote evidence-based and scientific decision-making of health technology assessment in China.