Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of Syk in phagocytosis induced by CD36 antibodies. Methods: In vitro, two CD36 monoclonal antibodies, GZ1 (IgG2a) and GZ4 (IgG1), at different concentrations were co-incubated with platelets from CD36-positive blood donors, and the affinity of the antibodies for platelets was assessed using flow cytometry. CD36 positive platelets from donors were labeled with Red-SE. The GZ1 and GZ4 antibodies were added together with dye-labeled platelets to peripheral blood from blood donors for phagocytosis experiments. The expression of the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk), P-Syk, P38 MAPK and P-P38 were detected using Western blot(WB). In the in vitro phagocytosis inhibition assay, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) antibodies or Syk inhibitor (R406) were pre-incubated with monocytes prior to performing the phagocytosis experiment. In vivo experiments were performed using female C57BL/6J mice. R406 was administered via intraperitoneal injection, followed by tail vein infusion of GZ1 or GZ4 antibodies. Additionally, a treatment group was set up in which the antibodies were infused first, followed by administration of R406. Changes in platelet counts were analyzed using a blood routine analyzer, and antibody binding to platelets was detected by flow cytometry. Results: GZ1 had higher affinity for CD36positive platelets than GZ4. The phagocytosis rate induced by GZ1 was significantly higher than that of GZ4 [(42.12±2.25)% vs (16.25±6.45)%, P<0.001]. Moreover, GZ1-mediated platelet phagocytosis mainly depends on FcγRⅠ of monocytes, while GZ4-mediated platelet phagocytosis mainly relies on FcγRⅡ of monocytes. WB results showed that the GZ1 group significantly upregulated the expression of Syk and phosphorylated Syk (P-Syk), and induced phosphorylation of the downstream P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Pretreatment of monocytes with R406 inhibited the phagocytosis of antibodyopsonized platelets by monocytes. After injecting GZ1 or GZ4 antibodies into C57BL/6 female mice through the tail vein, GZ1 mAbs had a stronger binding rate to the platelets compared with GZ4 mAbs, leading to a significant decrease in platelet count. After pre-injecting R406 into mice, the platelet count reduction in both the GZ1 and GZ4 groups was alleviated, and the binding rate of antibodies to platelets was also significantly reduced. However, administration of R406 after antibody injection failed to prevent the decrease in platelet counts in mice. Conclusion: This study indicates that Syk plays an important role in the phagocytosis of anti-CD36 opsonized platelets by monocytes/macrophages and is closely associated with the activation of the P38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammation and a risk factor for diseases such as diabetes， hypertension， dyslipidemia， and malignant tumors， demonstrating an increasingly grim development situation. The nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in the immune response and inflammatory response. In obese individuals， the expression of NF-κB is overactivated， which leads to abnormal inflammatory responses in the body. Therefore， it is expected to alleviate inflammation and treat obesity by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway， which has been proven effective by a large number of studies. The available studies on the NF-κB signaling pathway mostly focus on tumors， and there is no systematic review of the mechanism of this pathway in mediating obesity and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment. We reviewed the research progress in the pathological and physiological processes of obesity mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway and TCM treatment， aiming to give insights into the clinical treatment of obesity with TCM and provide reference targets and research directions for exploring the biological foundations and the development of new TCM preparations.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of using xenogenic bone graft materials with or without collagen components for tooth micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation (MCF-ARP) at molars with severe periodontitis.Methods:This study included patients who visited Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from May to November 2023 due to severe periodontitis, requiring tooth extraction and planning for implant-retained prostheses. A total of 24 molars from 24 patients with severe periodontitis were assigned into two groups: the deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) group and the DBBM with collagen (DBBM-C) group. Twelve affected teeth from 12 patients were included in each group. Both groups underwent minimally invasive tooth extraction and MCF-ARP, with DBBM and DBBM-C implanted in the extraction socket, respectively. Cone beam CT (CBCT) was performed before and 6 months after the surgery for assessing changes of hard tissue. Intraoral scanning was performed before and at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the surgery for assessing soft tissue contour changes and patterns in both groups.Results:After 6 months of healing, the central bone height increased by (8.35±2.25) mm in the DBBM group and (7.70±2.36) mm in the DBBM-C group. The ridge width at 1 mm apically from the higher bone crest increased by 6.43 (-0.76,7.96) mm in the DBBM group and 6.01 (5.41,7.90) mm in the DBBM-C group. There was no statistically significant difference in the changes of bone height and width between the two groups (all P>0.05). In terms of soft tissue contour changes, although the buccal contour collapses were less in the DBBM-C group, the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Within the limitations of this study, it was demonstrated that the clinical effects of MCF-ARP using xenogenic bone graft materials with or without collagen components in molars with severe periodontitis were comparable.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective:To obtain a prevalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clinical isolate in Beijing and analyze the genotype and biological characteristics of the strain.Methods:A nasopharyngeal secretion specimen was collected from a child with RSV infection in Beijing in 2023 and used for viral isolation. Viral nucleic acid was amplified using qRT-PCR. The isolated virus was identified by transmission electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and plaque formation assay. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on the whole-genome sequencing results. Virus titers were determined, and replication characteristics were analyzed. The efficacy of the isolated strain for in vitro screening of antiviral drugs was validated. Results:A clinical RSV isolate, named hRSV/C-Tan/BJ 202301, was successfully isolated, which could form syncytia in Hep-2 cells. Spherical, filamentous, and irregular virus particles were observed by electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence detection showed green fluorescence in Hep-2 cells, and plaque assay showed round plaques, which were similar to the Long strain in morphology. Genomic sequence analysis showed that it belonged to ON1 genotype. It exhibited similar cell growth kinetics characteristics with the Long strain and could be used for antiviral drug screening in vitro. Conclusions:In this study, one RSV strain is successfully isolated and identified. The biological characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship of this strain reflect the characteristics of the circulating strains in Beijing, which provides experimental material for RSV vaccine development and antiviral drug screening in China.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of using xenogenic bone graft materials with or without collagen components for tooth micro crestal flap-alveolar ridge preservation (MCF-ARP) at molars with severe periodontitis.Methods:This study included patients who visited Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from May to November 2023 due to severe periodontitis, requiring tooth extraction and planning for implant-retained prostheses. A total of 24 molars from 24 patients with severe periodontitis were assigned into two groups: the deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) group and the DBBM with collagen (DBBM-C) group. Twelve affected teeth from 12 patients were included in each group. Both groups underwent minimally invasive tooth extraction and MCF-ARP, with DBBM and DBBM-C implanted in the extraction socket, respectively. Cone beam CT (CBCT) was performed before and 6 months after the surgery for assessing changes of hard tissue. Intraoral scanning was performed before and at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the surgery for assessing soft tissue contour changes and patterns in both groups.Results:After 6 months of healing, the central bone height increased by (8.35±2.25) mm in the DBBM group and (7.70±2.36) mm in the DBBM-C group. The ridge width at 1 mm apically from the higher bone crest increased by 6.43 (-0.76,7.96) mm in the DBBM group and 6.01 (5.41,7.90) mm in the DBBM-C group. There was no statistically significant difference in the changes of bone height and width between the two groups (all P>0.05). In terms of soft tissue contour changes, although the buccal contour collapses were less in the DBBM-C group, the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Within the limitations of this study, it was demonstrated that the clinical effects of MCF-ARP using xenogenic bone graft materials with or without collagen components in molars with severe periodontitis were comparable.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective:To obtain a prevalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) clinical isolate in Beijing and analyze the genotype and biological characteristics of the strain.Methods:A nasopharyngeal secretion specimen was collected from a child with RSV infection in Beijing in 2023 and used for viral isolation. Viral nucleic acid was amplified using qRT-PCR. The isolated virus was identified by transmission electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and plaque formation assay. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on the whole-genome sequencing results. Virus titers were determined, and replication characteristics were analyzed. The efficacy of the isolated strain for in vitro screening of antiviral drugs was validated. Results:A clinical RSV isolate, named hRSV/C-Tan/BJ 202301, was successfully isolated, which could form syncytia in Hep-2 cells. Spherical, filamentous, and irregular virus particles were observed by electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence detection showed green fluorescence in Hep-2 cells, and plaque assay showed round plaques, which were similar to the Long strain in morphology. Genomic sequence analysis showed that it belonged to ON1 genotype. It exhibited similar cell growth kinetics characteristics with the Long strain and could be used for antiviral drug screening in vitro. Conclusions:In this study, one RSV strain is successfully isolated and identified. The biological characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship of this strain reflect the characteristics of the circulating strains in Beijing, which provides experimental material for RSV vaccine development and antiviral drug screening in China.

Objective:To investigates the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in combined burn-blast injury with acute lung injury in rats.Methods:This study was an experimental study. Twenty-four 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method, each containing 12 animals. The rats in experimental group were anesthetized and subjected to explosion treatment to create the model of combined burn-blast injury with acute lung injury, whereas the rats in control group underwent sham injury. At 24 hours post injury, the pathological morphology of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 in the supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) of abdominal aortic blood were measured by automatic animal blood gas analyzer. The lung tissue was weighed and the wet-dry weight ratio was calculated. The total protein concentration in BALF was measured by bicinchoninic acid assay. Lung injury was scored based on hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of oxidative stress factors, such as reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, and ferrous ion in lung tissue homogenate of rats were detected by related kits. The expression levels of ferroptosis-related molecule glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), lipid peroxidation-related molecule 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and oxidative DNA damage-related molecule 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in lung tissue were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry methods. Mitochondrial morphology in lung tissue cells was observed under transmission electron microscopy. The sample number was all 6. Results:At 24 hours post injury, the lung tissue structure of rats in control group was clear and complete, and the alveolar wall was normal; in experimental group, the lung tissue edema of rats was obvious, the alveolar wall became thicker, and the structure was not clear. At 24 hours post injury, compared with those in control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BALF supernatant of rats in experimental group were significantly increased (with t values of 3.96, 9.84, and 10.60, respectively, P<0.05); the wet-dry weight ratio of lung tissue, lung injury score, and total protein concentration in BALF of rats in experimental group were significantly increased (with t values of 6.91, 6.64, and 10.04, respectively, P<0.05), PaO 2 of abdominal aortic blood decreased significantly ( t=8.85, P<0.05) while PaCO 2 did not change significantly ( P>0.05); the levels of SOD and glutathione in the lung tissue homogenate of rats in experimental group were significantly decreased (with t values of 4.36 and 8.56, respectively, P<0.05), while the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and ferrous ion were significantly increased (with t values of 11.55, 9.78, and 14.77, respectively, P<0.05). At 24 hours post injury, immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of GPX4 in lung tissue of rats in experimental group were 0.245±0.024 and 0.786±0.240, respectively, which were significantly lower than 1.000±0.305 and 1.000±0.200 in control group (with t values of 6.05 and 2.60, respectively, P<0.05); the expression levels of 4-HNE in lung tissue of rats in experimental group were 5.93±1.05 and 2.21±0.23, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1.00±0.29 and 1.00±0.23 in control group (with t values of 11.13 and 9.16, respectively, P<0.05); the expression levels of 8-OHdG in lung tissue of rats in experimental group were 2.08±0.40 and 1.61±0.29, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1.00±0.40 and 1.00±0.26 in control group (with t values of 4.72 and 3.87, respectively, P<0.05). At 24 hours post injury, compared with that in control group, the density of mitochondrial double-layer membrane in the lung tissue cells of rats in experimental group increased, the outer membrane ruptured, and the crista decreased. Conclusions:In rats with combined burn-blast injury with acute lung injury, there is oxidative DNA damage in lung tissue cells, the imbalance of antioxidant system in lung tissue, and a decrease in the expression of GPX4, the key molecule against ferroptosis, suggesting that ferroptosis is involved in the pathophysiological process of this disease.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of modified Banxia Xiexintang in treating simple obesity in children with the syndrome of stomach hyperactivity and spleen stagnation. MethodA randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled study was conducted， in which 78 children with simple obesity due to stomach hyperactivity and spleen stagnation were randomized into an observation group （39 cases） and a control group （39 cases）. On the basis of diet and exercise intervention， the observation group received modified Banxia Xiexintang and the control group received placebo. The two groups were compared in terms of the therapeutic effect regarding TCM symptoms， body mass index （BMI）， waist circumference， hip circumference， obesity， and visual analogue scale of appetite after 2 months of treatment， and the treatment safety was observed. ResultAfter treatment， the response rate in the observation group was 88.89% （32/36）， which was higher than that （77.14%， 27/35） in the control group （Z=-2.301， P<0.05）. After 2 months of treatment， the body weight， BMI， waist circumference， hip circumference， and obesity decreased in both groups （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The TCM symptom scores and visual analogue scale scores of appetite in the observation group declined （P<0.05）. The control group showed decreased scores of TCM symptoms except gluttony and overeating （P<0.05）， declined scores of desire to eat， hunger， and willingness to eat declined （P<0.05）， and no significant change in the score of fullness before and after treatment. Compared with the control group， the observation group showed decreased total score of TCM symptoms， scores of primary and secondary TCM symptoms， body weight， BMI， waist circumference， hip circumference， obesity， and scores of desire to eat， hunger， and willingness to eat （P<0.05） and no significant difference in the score of fullness after treatment. No adverse reaction related to the drug application was observed during the treatment period. ConclusionModified Banxia Xiexintang can reduce the body weight， BMI， waist circumference， hip circumference， and obesity， improve the body shape， alleviate the symptoms， and enhance the therapeutic effect and compliance of children with simple obesity， being safe in clinical application.