Abstract To understand the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), the present review aims to describe the burden and influencing factors of CVD, epidemiological characteristics and burden of ACEs, current research on the relationship between ACEs and CVD, and the mechanism of ACEs leading to CVD. It is proposed that further assessment of the relationship is warranted through identifying blood biomarkers, conducting prospective cohort studies and intervention studies. Such efforts would provide valuable scientific insights for primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To explore effects and maintenance of school based sexual abuse prevention programs for minors, so as to provide scientific evidences for optimizing intervention design and policy making. Methods: Six Chinese and English databases were searched, including CNKI, Wanfang Database, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, with the time frame set from database inception to December 31, 2024. Studies on school based sexual abuse prevention programs for minors were selected, and data on knowledge, attitudes and skills related to sexual abuse prevention were extracted. Meta analysis was performed using Stata 17. Results: A total of 26 studies were included. The Meta analysis results showed that school based sexual abuse prevention programs improved participants knowledge ( SMD=1.24, 95%CI =0.96-1.52), attitudes ( SMD=0.62, 95%CI =0.19-1.04) and skills ( SMD=0.66, 95%CI =0.50-0.83) (all P <0.01). During the overall follow up, the maintenance rates for knowledge, attitudes, and skills were 0.97(95% CI =0.95-1.00), 0.99(95% CI =0.95-1.04) and 1.01(95% CI =0.99-1.04), respectively, with no statistically significant differences (all P >0.05). However, knowledge retention declined significantly when follow up exceeded three months ( R=0.91, 95%CI=0.83-0.99, P <0.01), while skills retention ( R=0.94, 95%CI=0.87-1.02, P = 0.23) remained higher than knowledge and attitudes ( R=0.98, 95%CI=0.96-1.00, P =0.13), demonstrating stronger long term effects. Conclusion School based sexual abuse prevention programs are effective in enhancing participants knowledge, attitudes and skills, but the intervention effects diminish over time, particularly in knowledge retention.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of using different filters in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on the mortality, inflammatory mediator level and hemodynamics in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted. The patients with SA-AKI undergoing first CRRT admitted to the critical care medicine department of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from August 2022 to October 2023 were enrolled as the study objects, and they were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method. All patients received routine treatment including anti-infection, optimized volume management and organ function support. On this basis, the observation group was treated with oXiris filter for CRRT, while the control group was treated with ordinary filter for CRRT, and the first treatment time was ≥ 36 hours. General data of the two groups were collected and compared. At the same time, the inflammatory indicators [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood lactic acid (Lac), noradrenaline dosage and other related indicators were collected before CRRT treatment and 24 hours and 48 hours after treatment, and the 7-day and 28-day mortality of patients were recorded. RESULTS: Finally, 65 patients were enrolled, including 30 in the observation group and 35 in the control group. There were no significant differences in baseline data including age, gender, acute kidney injury (AKI) stage and infection source between the two groups. The 7-day mortality of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group [16.7% (5/30) vs. 42.9% (15/35), P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the observation group and the control group [36.7% (11/30) vs. 54.3% (19/35), P > 0.05]. There were no significant differences in inflammation indicators, SOFA score, MAP, Lac and norepinephrine dosage before treatment between the two groups. After 24-hour and 48-hour treatment, the hemodynamics of the two groups were stable compared with before treatment, the inflammatory indicators, SOFA score, Lac and norepinephrine dosage were reduced to varying degrees, and MAP was significantly increased. In the observation group, hs-CRP, PCT, IL-6, SOFA score, MAP, and norepinephrine dosage showed statistical significance at 24 hours after treatment as compared with before treatment [hs-CRP (mg/L): 125.0 (105.0, 171.2) vs. 280.5 (213.2, 313.8), PCT (μg/L): 51.0 (20.0, 62.8) vs. 71.0 (10.8, 100.0), IL-6 (ng/L): 1 762.2 (300.8, 4 327.5) vs. 4 447.5 (630.4, 5 000.0), SOFA score: 13.0 (12.0, 14.0) vs. 16.0 (15.0, 17.0), MAP (mmHg, 1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa): 79.00±12.87 vs. 65.20±11.70, norepinephrine dosage (μg×kg^-1×min^-1): 0.82±0.33 vs. 1.63±0.51, all P < 0.05]. In the control group, PCT and MAP showed statistical significance after 48 hours of treatment as compared with before treatment. Compared with the control group, hs-CRP, SOFA score and norepinephrine dosage after 48 hours of treatment in the observation group were significantly decreased [hs-CRP (mg/L): 87.2 (74.2, 126.0) vs. 157.0 (88.0, 200.0), SOFA score: 11.0 (10.0, 12.0) vs. 12.0 (10.0, 14.0), norepinephrine dosage (μg×kg^-1×min^-1): 0.51±0.37 vs. 0.81±0.58, all P < 0.05], MAP was significantly increased (mmHg: 82.00±8.71 vs. 77.77±7.80, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the treatment of CRRT, oXiris filter can reduce the short-term mortality of SA-AKI patients, lower inflammatory mediators levels and improve hemodynamics, showing therapeutic advantages over conventional filters.
Humans ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology* ; Sepsis/therapy* ; Prospective Studies ; Interleukin-6 ; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy/methods* ; C-Reactive Protein ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Hemodynamics ; Procalcitonin ; Aged

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of inflammatory indicator and serum cystatin C (Cys C) for the prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted. Patients with SA-AKI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects. General patient data, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), inflammatory indicator, and serum Cys C levels were collected. The 28-day survival status of the patients was observed. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the poor prognosis of SA-AKI patients. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to evaluate the predictive efficacy of each risk factor for the prognosis of SA-AKI patients. RESULTS: A total of 111 SA-AKI patients were included, with 65 patients (58.6%) in the survival group and 46 patients (41.4%) in the death group. The SOFA score, APACHE II score, interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum Cys C levels in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group [SOFA score: 15.00 (14.00, 17.25) vs. 14.00 (11.00, 16.00), APACHE II score: 26.00 (23.75, 28.00) vs. 23.00 (18.50, 28.00), IL-6 (ng/L): 3 731.00±1 573.61 vs. 2 087.93±1 702.88, PCT (μg/L): 78.19±30.35 vs. 43.56±35.37, hs-CRP (mg/L): 266.50 (183.75, 326.75) vs. 210.00 (188.00, 273.00), serum Cys C (mg/L): 2.01±0.61 vs. 1.62±0.50, all P < 0.05]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that SOFA score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.273, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.012-1.600, P = 0.039], IL-6 (OR = 1.000, 95%CI was 1.000-1.001, P = 0.043), PCT (OR = 1.018, 95%CI was 1.002-1.035, P = 0.030), and Cys C (OR = 4.139, 95%CI was 1.727-9.919, P = 0.001) were independent risk factors affecting the 28-day prognosis of SA-AKI patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of SOFA score, IL-6, PCT, and Cys C in predicting the 28-day prognosis of SA-AKI patients were 0.682 (95%CI was 0.582-0.782, P = 0.001), 0.753 (95%CI was 0.662-0.843, P < 0.001), 0.765 (95%CI was 0.677-0.854, P < 0.001), and 0.690 (95%CI was 0.583-0.798, P = 0.001), respectively. The combined predictive value of these four indicators for the prognosis of SA-AKI patients were superior to that of any single indicator, with an AUC of 0.847 (95%CI was 0.778-0.916, P < 0.001), a sensitivity of 95.7%, and a specificity of 56.9%. CONCLUSION The combination of SOFA score, IL-6, PCT, and Cys C provides a reliable predictive value for the prognosis of SA-AKI patients.
Humans ; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality* ; APACHE ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cystatin C/blood* ; Interleukin-6/blood* ; Logistic Models ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Procalcitonin/blood* ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; ROC Curve ; Sepsis/mortality*

Objective To establish an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPDQ) in human plasma and urine. Methods Plasma and urine samples (0.3 mL each) were mixed with 0.9 mL acetonitrile and dichloromethane, vortexed, and subjected to ultrasonic treatment to facilitate extraction. After centrifugation, the extract was collected, evaporated to dry powder under nitrogen, and reconstituted. Separation was performed on a C18 column, and detection was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with external standard quantification. Results 6PPDQ showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-25.00 μg/L in both human plasma and urine, with correlation coefficients of 0.999 5 and 0.999 7, respectively. The detection limits for plasma and urine were 8 and 6 ng/L, and the lower limits of quantification were 27 and 19 ng/L, respectively. The average recovery rates were 97.00%-100.00% for plasma and 90.00%-96.50% for urine. The within-run relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 4.35%-10.00% for plasma and 2.34%-11.11% for urine, while the between-run RSDs were 6.80%-8.46% and 2.60%-10.00%, respectively. Samples can be stored for seven days at 4 ℃ or -20 ℃. respectively. Samples can be stored for seven days at 4 ℃ or -20 ℃. Matrix effects ranged from 87.12%-99.27% for plasma and 91.00%-97.56% for urine. Conclusion The proposed method is simple, highly sensitive, and reproducible, and is suitable for the determination of 6PPDQ in human plasma and urine samples.

Objective To investigate the effect of lidocaine medicated plaster （LMP） combined with pregabalin （PGB） on patients with postherpetic neuralgia （PHN）, and the impact on serum pain mediators. Methods 108 PHN patients admitted in our hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected and grouped according to the time point of receiving treatment, 54 PHN patients treated with PGB from January 2024 to June 2024 were included in the PGB group, and 54 PHN patients treated with LMP on top of the PGB group from July 2024 to December 2024 were included in the PGB+LMP group. Comparisons were made between the two groups in terms of pain score, serum pain mediator levels, dosage of PGB, and incidence of adverse reactions. Results After 4 weeks of treatment, both groups showed a decrease in Pain Rating Index scores （sensory score and affective score）, Present Pain Intensity score, Visual Analog Scale score, and total score. Meanwhile, above scores of the PGB+LMP group were lower than those of the PGB group （P<0.05）. After 4 weeks of treatment, the levels of substance P（SP） and neuropeptide Y （NPY） in both groups were lower than those before treatment, while serum 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） levels were higher than those before treatment. Moreover, the levels of SP and NPY were lower, and 5-HT level was higher in the PGB+LMP group than in the PGB group （P<0.05）. The dosages of PGB in the PGB+LMP group at T1, T, T3 and T4 were significantly lower than those in the PGB group （P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was 1.85%（1/54） in the PGB+LMP group. Compared to 5.56%（3/54） in the PGB group, and the difference was not statistically significant （P>0.05）. Conclusion LMP combined with PGB was effective in the treatment of patients with PHN, which could effectively alleviate pain and lower the levels of serum pain mediators, with good safety.

Objective It aims to construct a quality evaluation index system for cancer multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment(MDT)model in China from a full process perspective,providing guidance for practical application and model optimization.Methods Based on the number of MDT publications and practical situations,20 provincial-level hospitals nationwide were selected as typical cases.Rooted theory was used to extract evaluation indicators from the original text of the cases through three-level coding.A cancer MDT quality evaluation index system was constructed under the Input-Process-Output framework.Results Through three-level coding,27 initial categories,8 subcategories,and 3 main categories were sorted out,and a cancer MDT quality evaluation index system was constructed with input,process,and output as the primary evaluation indicators,and top-level design,management system,object resources,meeting preparation,meeting progress,plan implementation,patient outcomes,and hospital outcomes as the secondary evaluation indicators.Conclusion The quality evaluation index system of cancer MDT mode based on the perspective of the entire process can effectively guide practical optimization,but there is still a need for the improvement of supporting policies and information systems to assist in quality evaluation.

Objective It aims to construct a quality evaluation index system for cancer multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment(MDT)model in China from a full process perspective,providing guidance for practical application and model optimization.Methods Based on the number of MDT publications and practical situations,20 provincial-level hospitals nationwide were selected as typical cases.Rooted theory was used to extract evaluation indicators from the original text of the cases through three-level coding.A cancer MDT quality evaluation index system was constructed under the Input-Process-Output framework.Results Through three-level coding,27 initial categories,8 subcategories,and 3 main categories were sorted out,and a cancer MDT quality evaluation index system was constructed with input,process,and output as the primary evaluation indicators,and top-level design,management system,object resources,meeting preparation,meeting progress,plan implementation,patient outcomes,and hospital outcomes as the secondary evaluation indicators.Conclusion The quality evaluation index system of cancer MDT mode based on the perspective of the entire process can effectively guide practical optimization,but there is still a need for the improvement of supporting policies and information systems to assist in quality evaluation.

Objective To explore the association between mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1(MST1)gene poly-morphism and haplotype and the risk of colorectal cancer,rectal cancer,and colon cancer in the Han population in Baotou area by case-control association study.Methods A total of 390 patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed by pathology and 413 normal physical examination population were collected,and 2 ml of peripheral blood was taken for subsequent gene genotyping.Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of MST1 gene were screened according to the genetic polymorphism data of Chinese Han population provided by the National Center for Biotechnology In-formation-Haplotype Mapping database.Gene genotyping was performed by Taqman method.Logistic regression was used to calculate the association between each SNP and the risk of colorectal cancer,colon cancer,and rectal cancer under codominant,dominant,overdominant,and recessive genetic models.Results Four SNPs of MST1 gene were screened,namely rs8000,rs2234197,rs2267853,and rs6073629.Among them,SNP rs2234197 was associated with the risk of rectal cancer.Compared with the GG+AA genotype,the AG genotype could reduce the risk of rectal cancer,OR[95%confidence interval(CI)]=0.657(0.442-0.976).SNP rs8000 was associated with the risk of colon cancer.Compared with the TT+GT genotype,the GG genotype could reduce the risk of colon cancer[OR(95%CI)=0.425(0.182-0.992)].Conclusion MST1 gene SNP rs2234197 AG genotype and SNP rs8000 GG genotype may be protective factors for rectal cancer and colon cancer,respectively.

Specific pathogen-free(SPF)chickens are widely used in the research of avian diseases and vaccines.Vertically transmissible diseases are transmitted to chickens through vertical transmission,seriously affecting their survival rate,increasing production costs,and causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry,while severely impacting the breeding and use of SPF chickens.Therefore,it is crucial for researchers and managers to enhance their understanding of vertically transmissible pathogens in chickens and to develop effective monitoring measures.Quality monitoring is an important part of ensuring the quality of SPF chickens,with pathogen detection being the primary step.Based on this,it is necessary to cultivate qualified SPF chickens through purification methods and biosecurity measures.This paper reviews the major vertically transmissible pathogens in chickens,including viral pathogens,bacterial pathogens and mycoplasmas,as well as their detection methods.This study compares the differences in microbiological testing items and methods for SPF chickens between the U.S.corporate standard and the Chinese national standard.Analysis of the results shows that in both standards,vertically transmissible pathogens such as Escherichia coli,Proteus mirabilis,Salmonella,and avian leukosis are not included in the microbiological testing items for SPF chickens.Instead,these pathogens are characterized by mixed infections,and outbreaks can seriously affect flock health.To produce higher-quality SPF chickens,it is necessary to include these pathogens in the mandatory testing items.The aim of this paper is to help readers understand the relevant standards for microbiological monitoring of SPF chickens,the hazards of vertically transmissible pathogens,and prevention and control strategies,so as to provide a reference for the detection and purification of pathogens in SPF chickens.