Wilson disease （WD） is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism， and decoppering therapy and symptomatic treatment are the main Western medicine therapies for WD. This article systematically reviews the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of WD in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and points out that abnormal natural endowment is the core etiology and pathogenesis of WD， with internal accumulation of copper toxicity as the manifestation， liver/spleen/kidney dysfunction as the root cause， and intermingled “toxin， stasis， phlegm， and deficiency” as the key pathogenesis. Literature research and clinical observation are conducted to summarize the common TCM syndromes of WD， including stagnation of liver Qi， internal retention of damp-heat， phlegm-stasis-heat accumulation syndrome， liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome， spleen-kidney Yang deficiency， and syndrome of deficiency damage and phlegm stasis. This article proposes the corresponding therapies and representative prescriptions for each syndrome and discusses the advantages of treatment by stage and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy. This article aims to provide a systematic reference for the syndrome differentiation-based treatment of WD in clinical practice of TCM， thereby giving full play to the advantages of TCM in the treatment of this disease.

Given the escalating number of cancer patients and the consequent rise in demand for radiation therapy in China, there is an urgent need to establish and improve a talent cultivation system for radiation dosimetrists. The United States, with an early-established cultivation system for radiation dosimetrists, boasts relatively mature and comprehensive systems of academic education and qualification certification. This study summarized and analyzed the educational and certification patterns for radiation dosimetrists in the United States based on public data from relevant institutions, related literature, and interviews with American radiation dosimetrists. Meanwhile, this study delved into and assessed the shortcomings in China′s radiation dosimetry education, examination, certification, and career advancement pathways. Furthermore, this study offered suggestions and recommendations for constructing a novel pattern tailored to the cultivation of radiation dosimetrists in China, in order to facilitate the high-quality development of the medical dosimetry discipline.

Medical physicists play an important role in radiodiagnosis, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine practices. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) suggests that medical physicists should be trained and achieve professional certifications. Many developed countries/regions have established comprehensive examination and certification programs for medical physicists. However, these systems are yet to be improved in China. This leads to a lack of control over the professional competence and practice standards in the workforce, posing a negative impact on the quality and safety of China’s clinical services in radiation medicine. The International Medical Physics Certification Board (IMPCB) is aimed at accrediting national/regional medical physics certification programs and providing certification of individual medical physicists in countries/regions lacking such certification programs. This study introduces the procedures and specific method for China’s medical physicists to achieve professional certifications via IMPCB, aiming to help improve their professionalism.

Given the escalating number of cancer patients and the consequent rise in demand for radiation therapy in China, there is an urgent need to establish and improve a talent cultivation system for radiation dosimetrists. The United States, with an early-established cultivation system for radiation dosimetrists, boasts relatively mature and comprehensive systems of academic education and qualification certification. This study summarized and analyzed the educational and certification patterns for radiation dosimetrists in the United States based on public data from relevant institutions, related literature, and interviews with American radiation dosimetrists. Meanwhile, this study delved into and assessed the shortcomings in China′s radiation dosimetry education, examination, certification, and career advancement pathways. Furthermore, this study offered suggestions and recommendations for constructing a novel pattern tailored to the cultivation of radiation dosimetrists in China, in order to facilitate the high-quality development of the medical dosimetry discipline.

Medical physicists play an important role in radiodiagnosis, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine practices. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) suggests that medical physicists should be trained and achieve professional certifications. Many developed countries/regions have established comprehensive examination and certification programs for medical physicists. However, these systems are yet to be improved in China. This leads to a lack of control over the professional competence and practice standards in the workforce, posing a negative impact on the quality and safety of China’s clinical services in radiation medicine. The International Medical Physics Certification Board (IMPCB) is aimed at accrediting national/regional medical physics certification programs and providing certification of individual medical physicists in countries/regions lacking such certification programs. This study introduces the procedures and specific method for China’s medical physicists to achieve professional certifications via IMPCB, aiming to help improve their professionalism.

Objective:To investigate the changes of pathogenic bacteria distribution and immune response of urinary tract infection(UTI)after pyeloureteroplasty in children.Methods:A total of 150 children with obstructive hydronephroplasty who received pyeloureteroplasty in Qinghai Women and Children's Hospital from February 2020 to June 2023 were selected as the study objects.The postoperative urine of the children was collected,the pathogens were identified by automatic bacterial analyzer,and the patients were divided into infected group and uninfected group according to the infection status.The detection of pathogenic bacteria in children with UTI was analyzed.The clinical data of the two groups were compared,and the influencing factors of postoperative UTI were screened by Logistic regression analysis,and the prediction model was established and verified.The changes of immune response were compared between the two groups.Results:UTI occurred in 56 cases(37.33%)of 150 children who underwent pyeloureteroplasty.There were 58 strains of gram-negative bacteria,29 strains of gram-positive bacteria and 2 strains of fungi isolated.The main pathogenic bacteria was Escherichia coli.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum creatinine(SCr)and hydronephrosis volume/renal volume(HV/RV)levels increased,urinary catheter retention time,urinary bag replacement time and hospital stay were risk factors for UTI after pyeloureteroplasty in children,increased age and elevated albumin(Alb)were protective factors(P<0.05).Through Bootstrap self-sampling,the prediction model had good differentiation and accuracy.There was no significant difference in the levels of CD4+,CD8+and IgM between the two groups before surgery(P>0.05),and the levels of CD4+,CD8+and IgM were signi-ficantly improved between the two groups after surgery,and the improvement degree of the uninfected group was significantly better than that of the infected group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The pathogens of UTI in children after pyeloureteroplasty are mainly gram-nega-tive bacteria,and the immune function is increased 7 days after the operation.

Objective:To investigate the changes of pathogenic bacteria distribution and immune response of urinary tract infection(UTI)after pyeloureteroplasty in children.Methods:A total of 150 children with obstructive hydronephroplasty who received pyeloureteroplasty in Qinghai Women and Children's Hospital from February 2020 to June 2023 were selected as the study objects.The postoperative urine of the children was collected,the pathogens were identified by automatic bacterial analyzer,and the patients were divided into infected group and uninfected group according to the infection status.The detection of pathogenic bacteria in children with UTI was analyzed.The clinical data of the two groups were compared,and the influencing factors of postoperative UTI were screened by Logistic regression analysis,and the prediction model was established and verified.The changes of immune response were compared between the two groups.Results:UTI occurred in 56 cases(37.33%)of 150 children who underwent pyeloureteroplasty.There were 58 strains of gram-negative bacteria,29 strains of gram-positive bacteria and 2 strains of fungi isolated.The main pathogenic bacteria was Escherichia coli.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that serum creatinine(SCr)and hydronephrosis volume/renal volume(HV/RV)levels increased,urinary catheter retention time,urinary bag replacement time and hospital stay were risk factors for UTI after pyeloureteroplasty in children,increased age and elevated albumin(Alb)were protective factors(P<0.05).Through Bootstrap self-sampling,the prediction model had good differentiation and accuracy.There was no significant difference in the levels of CD4+,CD8+and IgM between the two groups before surgery(P>0.05),and the levels of CD4+,CD8+and IgM were signi-ficantly improved between the two groups after surgery,and the improvement degree of the uninfected group was significantly better than that of the infected group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The pathogens of UTI in children after pyeloureteroplasty are mainly gram-nega-tive bacteria,and the immune function is increased 7 days after the operation.

Objective To establish a method for acquisition, perfusion, preservation and transportation of the genetically modified pig kidneys. Methods An eight genetically modified pig was utilized as experimental subject. Prior to kidneys procurement, the health status of the pig was assessed through hematology examination, and the vascular structure of the kidneys was examined using imaging techniques. Following kidneys acquisition, the pig kidneys were perfused and subsequently packaged into the cryogenic storage container labeled "For Organ Transportation Only" for interprovincial transport after communicating the transportation process with transportation department. To evaluate pathological damage to the pig kidneys, a serious of methods were employed such as hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay (ELISA). Results The preoperative examination of the eight genetically modified pig showed that the serum creatinine was 73.2 μmol/L, blood urea nitrogen was 2.8 mmol/L and hemoglobin was 116 g/L, all within the normal range, indicating normal renal function. CT angiography revealed no lesions in the pig kidneys, and no dilation, stenosis or premature branching of the blood vessels. The total time of obtaining the left and right kidneys from the eight genetically modified pig was (125 ± 10) min, with a blood loss of (20 ± 2) mL. The warm ischemia times were 3 min and 7 min, respectively. The perfusion and trimming times of the left and right kidneys were 36 min and 41 min, respectively. After perfusion, both kidneys were white and moist. The cold preservation and transportation time was 8 h. HE staining showed that some glomeruli were shrunk, and the lumens of the surrounding renal tubules were slightly depressed and swollen with partial inner membrane shedding and microvacuoles formed when the kidneys were preserved for 8 h. The level of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 messenger RNA in the kidneys tissue gradually increased with the extension of cold preservation time after 2 h (P<0.05). TUNEL fluorescence staining showed that only a small number of cells underwent apoptosis after 8 h of cold preservation, which was not significantly different from that at 0 h (P>0.05). ELISA results showed that the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine in the preservation solution remained relatively stable, but the content of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) gradually increased with the extension of preservation time, suggesting that the pig kidneys had mild injury. Conclusions By establishing methods for acquisition, perfusion, preservation and transportation of the kidneys from genetically modified donor pig, it is possible to effectively and reliably use genetically modified pig kidneys for xenotransplantation.

OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of action of herb pair of Angelica sinensis-Poria cocos in intervening in allergic rhinitis. METHODS The core targets of herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos in intervening in allergic rhinitis were predicted through network pharmacology. Allergic rhinitis model of rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of aluminum hydroxide and ovalbumin mixture， and the rats were randomly divided into model group， loratadine group （positive control group， 0.9 mg/kg）， and low-， medium-， high-dose groups of herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos （3， 6 and 12 g/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 healthy rats were used as the normal group. Each group of rats was intragastrically administered the corresponding liquid or normal saline once a day for 30 consecutive days. After the last administration， the behavioral scores of each group of rats were calculated， the levels of immunoglobulin E （IgE）， histamine， interleukin-4 （IL-4） in serum， and the protein expression levels of IL-6， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2） in nasal mucosa tissue were detected. The pathological morphology changes of nasal mucosa tissue were observed. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis revealed that IL-6， TNF and PTGS2 might play a key role in the intervention of allergic rhinitis by herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos， and the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways might be the typical inflammatory signaling pathways intervened by herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos in allergic rhinitis. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the model group， the behavioral score， the levels of IgE， histamine and IL-4， and the protein expressions of IL-6， TNF-α and PTGS2 in each administration group were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， and there was a dose-dependent relationship with the herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos can effectively alleviate the symptoms of rats with allergic rhinitis， the mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of the expressions of IL-6， TNF-α and PTGS2.

Peri-implantitis is a pathologic condition associated with dental plaque that occurs in the implant tissue and is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane surrounding the implant, followed by the progressive loss of supporting bone. In this study, a case of guided bone regeneration therapy based on plaque control of peri-implant inflammation was reported. Four years after surgery for the left second premolar implant, the patient presented with "left lower posterior tooth swelling and discomfort for more than 2 years". The X-ray periapical film showed a decrease in distal bone mineral density of implant, and the clinical diagnosis was peri-implantitis of the left second premolar. Implants underwent guided bone regeneration and regular periodontal maintenance treatment. Re-examination at 3.5 months, 11 months, 18 months, and 7 years showed that the alveolar bone height and bone mineral density were stable, and the periodontal depth became shallow. However, the gingival recession was mild. In the present case, follow-up at 7 years demonstrated that the clinical periodontal indexes could be remarkably improved after complete periodontal treatment for peri-implantitis, and the alveolar bone could be well restored and regenerated.
Humans ; Peri-Implantitis/etiology* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Bone Regeneration ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal/methods* ; Dental Plaque/prevention & control* ; Male ; Female ; Dental Implants/adverse effects*