Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

Depression is a psychological disorder that imposes a tremendous social burden, with a high prevalence in China. In recent years, the number of diagnosed cases of depression in China has steadily increased, yet the recognition rate of the disease remains low. Depression demostrates a clear familial aggregation pattern. To improve its recognition, numberous studies have utilized the polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder (MDD-PRS) as a potential genetic marker to identify high-risk populations. This article reviews the latest progress and research on the use of MDD-PRS in depression, aiming to clarify its capacity to capture genetic variations associated with depression, its interaction with environmental factors, and their relationship to the onset of the disorder. Additionally, this review evaluates the predictive performance of existing risk models for depression and proposes potential directions for future research.

With the great improvement in the prognosis and survival of breast cancer patients, coupled with the widespread use of cardiotoxic drugs, the cardiotoxicity caused by radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) partially offsets the overall survival benefits of breast cancer patients. Heart damage occurs in many structures, such as left and right coronary arteries, the cardiac conduction system, the pericardium, and heart valves. RIHD has a long incubation period, most of which occur more than 10 years after radiotherapy, and the clinical manifestations become prominent with the extension of time. Advanced modern radiotherapy concepts such as respiratory gating, image-guided radiotherapy, conformal intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and intensity-modulated proton therapy can effectively reduce the radiation dose of breast cancer radiotherapy-related heart and left anterior descending coronary artery. The study of precise radiotherapy protection technology for the heart and large vessels is expected to reduce non-tumor-related death and achieve long-term survival in patients with breast cancer. The important direction in the future is to study the mechanism of RIHD, to find the best cardiac dose reference point, and to define the ideal dose-response relations. Combined with hematological markers, auxiliary examination parameters and cardiovascular risk factors, a predictive model will be established to estimate the probability of radiation-related cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer. As the radiation-related cardiotoxicity of breast cancer has become increasingly prominent, the purpose of this article is to summarize the related studies of RIHD in order to improve the long-term survival rate and quality of life of these sufferers.

Radiation-induced esophageal injury (RIEI) is a frequent complication following radiotherapy for thoracic and head-neck malignancies, which may lead to severe sequelae including esophageal stricture and perforation, adversely affecting patients' quality of life and therapeutic outcomes. With advancements in radiotherapy techniques — particularly the adoption of unconventional fractionation regimens, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and combined molecular targeted / immunotherapy — the incidence of RIEI has been increasing. In this review, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and management strategies for RIEI were comprehensively summarized. Current therapeutic approaches have evolved beyond conventional anti-inflammatory and nutritional support to include novel interventions such as targeted therapy, free radical scavengers, and microbiota modulation, etc. Future research should prioritize the development of optimized, individualized prevention and treatment protocols to mitigate RIEI risk and improve patient prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the association between peripheral immune function status and lung cancer metastasis,and to identify peripheral blood immune biomarkers for'Deficiency of Vital Qi'assessment in lung cancer metastasis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on peripheral blood immune markers collected before treatment from lung cancer patients admitted into Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between March 2023 and April 2025.Patients were categorized into the non-metastatic and the metastatic groups based on the presence of distant metastasis,and the differences in the expressions of immune cells and cytokines between groups were compared.Peripheral blood immune markers with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were incorporated into a multivariate binary logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of lung cancer metastasis.Results:A total of 193 lung cancer patients were included(101 in the non-metastatic group and 92 in the metastatic group).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender,age,smoking history,drinking history,or pathological type(all P>0.05).Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in multiple immune markers between the non-metastatic and metastatic groups(all P<0.05),including:lymphocyte count,CD3+,CD4+,and CD8+T,CD19+B cells,absolute counts of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cells,percentages of Treg cells,CD8+CD28+Treg cells,G-MDSC,and CD3-CD16+CD56+dim NK cells,and levels of cytokine IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10.Binary logistic regression analysis of differential indicators suggested that the percentage of Treg cells and CD8+CD28+Treg cells in peripheral blood were independent predictors of distant metastasis in lung cancer(OR=1.193,95%CI[1.047,1.36],P<0.01;OR=0.978,95%CI[0.957,0.999],P<0.05).Conclusion:Peripheral blood immune dysfunction is the biological basis for'qi deficiency'in lung cancer metastasis.This study quantitatively demonstrates the correlation between peripheral immune function status and lung cancer metastasis,providing empirical evidence for the theories of'qi deficiency and hidden toxicity'and'metastatic state of tumors'.

Depression is a psychological disorder that imposes a tremendous social burden, with a high prevalence in China. In recent years, the number of diagnosed cases of depression in China has steadily increased, yet the recognition rate of the disease remains low. Depression demostrates a clear familial aggregation pattern. To improve its recognition, numberous studies have utilized the polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder (MDD-PRS) as a potential genetic marker to identify high-risk populations. This article reviews the latest progress and research on the use of MDD-PRS in depression, aiming to clarify its capacity to capture genetic variations associated with depression, its interaction with environmental factors, and their relationship to the onset of the disorder. Additionally, this review evaluates the predictive performance of existing risk models for depression and proposes potential directions for future research.

With the great improvement in the prognosis and survival of breast cancer patients, coupled with the widespread use of cardiotoxic drugs, the cardiotoxicity caused by radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) partially offsets the overall survival benefits of breast cancer patients. Heart damage occurs in many structures, such as left and right coronary arteries, the cardiac conduction system, the pericardium, and heart valves. RIHD has a long incubation period, most of which occur more than 10 years after radiotherapy, and the clinical manifestations become prominent with the extension of time. Advanced modern radiotherapy concepts such as respiratory gating, image-guided radiotherapy, conformal intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and intensity-modulated proton therapy can effectively reduce the radiation dose of breast cancer radiotherapy-related heart and left anterior descending coronary artery. The study of precise radiotherapy protection technology for the heart and large vessels is expected to reduce non-tumor-related death and achieve long-term survival in patients with breast cancer. The important direction in the future is to study the mechanism of RIHD, to find the best cardiac dose reference point, and to define the ideal dose-response relations. Combined with hematological markers, auxiliary examination parameters and cardiovascular risk factors, a predictive model will be established to estimate the probability of radiation-related cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer. As the radiation-related cardiotoxicity of breast cancer has become increasingly prominent, the purpose of this article is to summarize the related studies of RIHD in order to improve the long-term survival rate and quality of life of these sufferers.

Radiation-induced esophageal injury (RIEI) is a frequent complication following radiotherapy for thoracic and head-neck malignancies, which may lead to severe sequelae including esophageal stricture and perforation, adversely affecting patients' quality of life and therapeutic outcomes. With advancements in radiotherapy techniques — particularly the adoption of unconventional fractionation regimens, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and combined molecular targeted / immunotherapy — the incidence of RIEI has been increasing. In this review, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and management strategies for RIEI were comprehensively summarized. Current therapeutic approaches have evolved beyond conventional anti-inflammatory and nutritional support to include novel interventions such as targeted therapy, free radical scavengers, and microbiota modulation, etc. Future research should prioritize the development of optimized, individualized prevention and treatment protocols to mitigate RIEI risk and improve patient prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced activated BV2 microglia through p38 mitogen-activa-ted protein kinase(p38 MAPK)pathway.Methods:BV2 microglia were divided into control group,LPS activated group and LPS+panax notoginseng saponins intervention group(LPS+PNS).The CCK-8 method was used to detect the viability of BV2 microglia and determine the optimal drug intervention concentration.Western Blot and immunofluo-rescence were used to detect the expression of p38 MAPK and TNF-α and the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK)in BV2 microglia.Results:Compared with the blank control group,there was no significant difference in the cell viability of BV2 microglia,and finally 100 mg/L was selected as the drug intervention concentration.Western Blot and immunofluorescence results indicated that after LPS activation,the expression of TNF-α and the phosphoryla-tion level of p38 MAPK in BV2 microglia were significantly increased(P＜0.05).After PNS intervention,compared with LPS-activated group,the expression of TNF-α and the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).After treatment with p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor(SB203580),there was no significant differ-ence in the expression levels of p-p38 MAPK and TNF-α in PNS combined with SB203580 group(LPS+PNS+I)com-pared with LPS+PNS group(P＞0.05).In addition,the changes of p38 MAPK in each group were not statistically sig-nificant(P＞0.05).Conclusion:PNS may inhibit the expression of inflammatory factor TNF-α secreted by activated BV2 microglia through p38 MAPK pathway.

Objective:To further improve the understanding of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), we retrospectively analyzed and summarized the clinical characteristics, treatment status, and survival status of patients with PNH in Zhejiang Province.Methods:This study included 289 patients with PNH who visited 20 hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Their clinical characteristics, comorbidity, laboratory test results, and medications were analyzed and summarized.Results:Among the 289 patients with PNH, 148 males and 141 females, with a median onset age of 45 (16-87) years and a peak onset age of 20-49 years (57.8% ). The median lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level was 1 142 (604-1 925) U/L. Classified by type, 70.9% (166/234) were classical, 24.4% (57/234) were PNH/bone marrow failure (BMF), and 4.7% (11/234) were subclinical. The main clinical manifestations included fatigue or weakness (80.8%, 235/289), dizziness (73.4%, 212/289), darkened urine color (66.2%, 179/272), and jaundice (46.2%, 126/270). Common comorbidities were hemoglobinuria (58.7% ), renal dysfunction (17.6% ), and thrombosis (15.0% ). Moreover, 82.3% of the patients received glucocorticoid therapy, 70.9% required blood transfusion, 30.7% used immunosuppressive agents, 13.8% received anticoagulant therapy, and 6.3% received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The 10-year overall survival (OS) rate was 84.4% (95% CI 78.0% -91.3% ) . Conclusion:Patients with PNH are more common in young and middle-aged people, with a similar incidence rate between men and women. Common clinical manifestations include fatigue, hemoglobinuria, jaundice, renal dysfunction, and recurrent thrombosis. The 10-year OS of this group is similar to reports from other centers in China.