Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

Depression is a psychological disorder that imposes a tremendous social burden, with a high prevalence in China. In recent years, the number of diagnosed cases of depression in China has steadily increased, yet the recognition rate of the disease remains low. Depression demostrates a clear familial aggregation pattern. To improve its recognition, numberous studies have utilized the polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder (MDD-PRS) as a potential genetic marker to identify high-risk populations. This article reviews the latest progress and research on the use of MDD-PRS in depression, aiming to clarify its capacity to capture genetic variations associated with depression, its interaction with environmental factors, and their relationship to the onset of the disorder. Additionally, this review evaluates the predictive performance of existing risk models for depression and proposes potential directions for future research.

A training curriculum for general practice faculty was developed in Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University in June 2019, which consisted three major modules: the construction of general practice discipline, teaching and training methods, and the basic principles of general practice. With the curriculum the trainings of general practice backbone faculty for Jiangsu Province were conducted from 2019 to 2023. The overal effectiveness of training, the satisfaction and gains of the trainees were evaluated annually, and the teaching ability of the trainees before and after the training was compared. A total of 190 trainees participated in the practice training, there were 34 (17.9%), 55 (29.0%), 27 (14.2%), 34 (17.9%) and 40 (21.0%) for 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. There were 82 males (43.2%) and 108 females (56.8%); those aged over 40 years old accounted for 52.1% (99/190); and 56.3% (107/190) were general practitioners. A total of 164 trainees completed the survey, 81.71% (134/164) believed that the main contents taught was the latest development and achievements in the field or the practical problems to be solved; 89.02% (146/164), 85.37% (140/164) and 86.59% (21/164) were satisfied with the teaching contents, teaching arrangements and their experience and participation in the training; 91.46% (150/164), 37.20% (61/164), 41.46% (68/164), 8.54% (14/164) and 3.66% (6/164) trainees felt that they gained most from expanding thinkings, improving knowledge levels, enhancing clinical diagnosis and treatment ability, improving operational skills, and improving scientific research ability. In the end of the courses, the assessment scores for general practice concept, course design ability, individualized teaching ability, teaching and training concepts, lecturing skills, and ability for self-evaluation were all higher than those before the training (all P<0.05). In general, the training for general practice backbone faculty had achieved good results and satisfaction among trainees in Jiangsu province from 2019 to 2023.

Objective:To analyze the situation of rodents carrying Hantavirus and the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of the virus in Zibo city, Shandong province in 2022, and provide reference for the scientific prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).Methods:Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect hantavirus (HV) nucleic acids in rodent lung tissues and identify HV genotypes. Each nucleic acid fragment was designed to amplify various gene fragments by segment, and the whole genome of Hantavirus was sequenced by second generation sequencing. Sequence assembly was performed using SeqMan 7.1.0.44, a subprogram of DNAStar. Sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis were conducted using MEGA 7.0 and BioEdit software.Results:A total of 270 host animals were captured in this survey. Among them, 13 rodent lung samples tested positive for Hantavirus, resulting in a virus-positive rate of 4.8%. The full-genome sequences of four hantavirus strains were successfully obtained, all identified as Seoul virus (SEOV) genotype. Four Hantavirus-positive samples showed high nucleotide sequence homology in the M gene and belonged to the SEOV S3 subtype. These strains exhibited high similarity with those from Hebei, Liaoning, and Beijing. The amino acid sequences of the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein immunogenic epitopes were identical to those of the vaccine strain Z37.Conclusions:This study successfully determined the full genome sequences of four hantavirus strains from Zibo city, Shandong province. The genotypes are primarily SEOV, with the subtype being S3. The homology of genes within the same subtype is high, with no significant variations observed. The alignment of immune epitopes in key proteins suggests that the current vaccine may provide protection against locally circulating strains, but further in-depth research is still required.

A training curriculum for general practice faculty was developed in Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University in June 2019, which consisted three major modules: the construction of general practice discipline, teaching and training methods, and the basic principles of general practice. With the curriculum the trainings of general practice backbone faculty for Jiangsu Province were conducted from 2019 to 2023. The overal effectiveness of training, the satisfaction and gains of the trainees were evaluated annually, and the teaching ability of the trainees before and after the training was compared. A total of 190 trainees participated in the practice training, there were 34 (17.9%), 55 (29.0%), 27 (14.2%), 34 (17.9%) and 40 (21.0%) for 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. There were 82 males (43.2%) and 108 females (56.8%); those aged over 40 years old accounted for 52.1% (99/190); and 56.3% (107/190) were general practitioners. A total of 164 trainees completed the survey, 81.71% (134/164) believed that the main contents taught was the latest development and achievements in the field or the practical problems to be solved; 89.02% (146/164), 85.37% (140/164) and 86.59% (21/164) were satisfied with the teaching contents, teaching arrangements and their experience and participation in the training; 91.46% (150/164), 37.20% (61/164), 41.46% (68/164), 8.54% (14/164) and 3.66% (6/164) trainees felt that they gained most from expanding thinkings, improving knowledge levels, enhancing clinical diagnosis and treatment ability, improving operational skills, and improving scientific research ability. In the end of the courses, the assessment scores for general practice concept, course design ability, individualized teaching ability, teaching and training concepts, lecturing skills, and ability for self-evaluation were all higher than those before the training (all P<0.05). In general, the training for general practice backbone faculty had achieved good results and satisfaction among trainees in Jiangsu province from 2019 to 2023.

Objective:To analyze the situation of rodents carrying Hantavirus and the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of the virus in Zibo city, Shandong province in 2022, and provide reference for the scientific prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).Methods:Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect hantavirus (HV) nucleic acids in rodent lung tissues and identify HV genotypes. Each nucleic acid fragment was designed to amplify various gene fragments by segment, and the whole genome of Hantavirus was sequenced by second generation sequencing. Sequence assembly was performed using SeqMan 7.1.0.44, a subprogram of DNAStar. Sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis were conducted using MEGA 7.0 and BioEdit software.Results:A total of 270 host animals were captured in this survey. Among them, 13 rodent lung samples tested positive for Hantavirus, resulting in a virus-positive rate of 4.8%. The full-genome sequences of four hantavirus strains were successfully obtained, all identified as Seoul virus (SEOV) genotype. Four Hantavirus-positive samples showed high nucleotide sequence homology in the M gene and belonged to the SEOV S3 subtype. These strains exhibited high similarity with those from Hebei, Liaoning, and Beijing. The amino acid sequences of the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein immunogenic epitopes were identical to those of the vaccine strain Z37.Conclusions:This study successfully determined the full genome sequences of four hantavirus strains from Zibo city, Shandong province. The genotypes are primarily SEOV, with the subtype being S3. The homology of genes within the same subtype is high, with no significant variations observed. The alignment of immune epitopes in key proteins suggests that the current vaccine may provide protection against locally circulating strains, but further in-depth research is still required.

Objective:To investigate the association between peripheral immune function status and lung cancer metastasis,and to identify peripheral blood immune biomarkers for'Deficiency of Vital Qi'assessment in lung cancer metastasis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on peripheral blood immune markers collected before treatment from lung cancer patients admitted into Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between March 2023 and April 2025.Patients were categorized into the non-metastatic and the metastatic groups based on the presence of distant metastasis,and the differences in the expressions of immune cells and cytokines between groups were compared.Peripheral blood immune markers with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were incorporated into a multivariate binary logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of lung cancer metastasis.Results:A total of 193 lung cancer patients were included(101 in the non-metastatic group and 92 in the metastatic group).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender,age,smoking history,drinking history,or pathological type(all P>0.05).Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in multiple immune markers between the non-metastatic and metastatic groups(all P<0.05),including:lymphocyte count,CD3+,CD4+,and CD8+T,CD19+B cells,absolute counts of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cells,percentages of Treg cells,CD8+CD28+Treg cells,G-MDSC,and CD3-CD16+CD56+dim NK cells,and levels of cytokine IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10.Binary logistic regression analysis of differential indicators suggested that the percentage of Treg cells and CD8+CD28+Treg cells in peripheral blood were independent predictors of distant metastasis in lung cancer(OR=1.193,95%CI[1.047,1.36],P<0.01;OR=0.978,95%CI[0.957,0.999],P<0.05).Conclusion:Peripheral blood immune dysfunction is the biological basis for'qi deficiency'in lung cancer metastasis.This study quantitatively demonstrates the correlation between peripheral immune function status and lung cancer metastasis,providing empirical evidence for the theories of'qi deficiency and hidden toxicity'and'metastatic state of tumors'.

Depression is a psychological disorder that imposes a tremendous social burden, with a high prevalence in China. In recent years, the number of diagnosed cases of depression in China has steadily increased, yet the recognition rate of the disease remains low. Depression demostrates a clear familial aggregation pattern. To improve its recognition, numberous studies have utilized the polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder (MDD-PRS) as a potential genetic marker to identify high-risk populations. This article reviews the latest progress and research on the use of MDD-PRS in depression, aiming to clarify its capacity to capture genetic variations associated with depression, its interaction with environmental factors, and their relationship to the onset of the disorder. Additionally, this review evaluates the predictive performance of existing risk models for depression and proposes potential directions for future research.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hypomethylating agents (HMA) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) .Methods:A total of 409 MDS patients from 45 hospitals in Zhejiang province who received at least four consecutive cycles of HMA monotherapy as initial therapy were enrolled to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HMA. Mann-Whitney U or Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences in the clinical data. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to analyze the factors affecting efficacy and survival. Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis. Results:Patients received HMA treatment for a median of 6 cycles (range, 4-25 cycles) . The complete remission (CR) rate was 33.98% and the overall response rate (ORR) was 77.02%. Multivariate analysis revealed that complex karyotype ( P=0.02, OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.84) was an independent favorable factor for CR rate. TP53 mutation ( P=0.02, OR=0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.77) was a predictive factor for a higher ORR. The median OS for the HMA-treated patients was 25.67 (95% CI 21.14-30.19) months. HMA response ( P=0.036, HR=0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.95) was an independent favorable prognostic factor, whereas complex karyotype ( P=0.024, HR=2.14, 95% CI 1.10-4.15) , leukemia transformation ( P<0.001, HR=2.839, 95% CI 1.64-4.92) , and TP53 mutation ( P=0.012, HR=2.19, 95% CI 1.19-4.07) were independent adverse prognostic factors. There was no significant difference in efficacy and survival between the reduced and standard doses of HMA. The CR rate and ORR of MDS patients treated with decitabine and azacitidine were not significantly different. The median OS of patients treated with decitabine was longer compared with that of patients treated with azacitidine (29.53 months vs 20.17 months, P=0.007) . The incidence of bone marrow suppression and pneumonia in the decitabine group was higher compared with that in the azacitidine group. Conclusion:Continuous and regular use of appropriate doses of hypomethylating agents may benefit MDS patients to the greatest extent if it is tolerated.

Objective:To evaluate inflammation early in the infarct zone and its dynamic changes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using 18F-FDG PET imaging, and analyze its relationship with left ventricular remodeling progression (LVRP). Methods:Sixteen Bama miniature pigs (4-6 months old, 8 females) were selected. AMI models were established by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. 18F-FDG PET imaging was performed before AMI and at days 1, 5, 8, and 14 post-AMI to evaluate the regional inflammation response. 18F-FDG SUV ratio (SUVR) and the percentage of uptake area of left ventricle (F-extent) in the infarct zone, and the SUVRs of the spleen and bone marrow, were measured. Echocardiography and 99Tc m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile(MIBI) SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) were performed at the above time points and on day 28 post-AMI to assess left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and myocardial perfusion defect extent. The degree of LVRP at day 28 post-AMI was defined as ΔLVESV(%)=(LVESV AMI 28 d-LVESV AMI 1 d)/LVESV AMI 1 d×100%. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Twelve pigs were successfully modeled and completed the study. Inflammation in the infarct zone persisted until day 14 post-AMI. The SUVR of the infarct zone pre-AMI and at days 1, 5, 8, and 14 post-AMI were 1.03±0.08, 3.49±1.06, 2.93±0.90, 2.38±0.76, and 1.63±0.62, respectively ( F=49.31, P<0.001). The F-extent values in the infarct zone pre-AMI and at days 1, 5, 8, and 14 post-AMI were 0, (40.08±12.46)%, (40.00±12.76)%, (31.08±12.82)%, and 16.50%(7.25%, 22.00%), respectively ( H=37.61, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the SUVRs of bone marrow and spleen before and after AMI ( F values: 0.69 and 0.77, both P>0.05). At day 1 post-AMI, both SUVR and F-extent in the infarct zone were significantly correlated with LVRP ( r values: 0.82 and 0.70, P values: 0.001 and 0.035). Conclusions:18F-FDG PET imaging can be used to evaluate inflammation in the infarct area and its dynamic changes after AMI. Inflammation in the infarct area is severe at day 1, and then gradually decreases. The extent and severity of inflammation visible on 18F-FDG PET imaging 1 d after AMI are closely related to LVRP.