The Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) is an ancillary transcription initiation complex which is highly conserved. The ADA1 (alteration/deficiency in activation 1, also called histone H2A functional interactor 1, HFI1) is a subunit in the core module of the SAGA protein complex. ADA1 plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as stress resistance. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana ADA1 gene family members based on banana genomic data, and analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, selection pressure, promoter cis-acting elements, and its expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. The results showed that there were 10, 6, and 7 family members in Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa itinerans. The members were all unstable and hydrophilic proteins, and only contained the conservative SAGA-Tad1 domain. Both MaADA1 and MbADA1 have interactive relationship with Sgf11 (SAGA-associated factor 11) of core module in SAGA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana ADA1 gene family members could be divided into 3 classes. The evolution of ADA1 gene family members was mostly influenced by purifying selection. There were large differences among the gene structure of banana ADA1 gene family members. ADA1 gene family members contained plenty of hormonal elements. MaADA1-1 may play a prominent role in the resistance of banana to cold stress, while MaADA1 may respond to the Panama disease of banana. In conclusion, this study suggested ADA1 gene family members are highly conserved in banana, and may respond to biotic and abiotic stress.
Musa/genetics* ; Phylogeny ; Fungal Proteins ; Cell Nucleus ; Histones ; Stress, Physiological/genetics*

As the foremost among the four examinations in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， inspection and related equipment research face challenges in landing and transformation due to variations in evidence quality， lack of standardization， insufficient algorithm transparency， and poor reliability and stability of decision-making. Against the backdrop of rapid development of emerging technologies such as big data， the internet of things， and artificial intelligence， coupled with macro policy support from the government， digital and intelligent generalized inspection in TCM has emerged， with the aim of utilizing digital technologies to overcome the limitations of naked-eye inspection and comprehensively perceive and analyze facial and bodily expressions. The research in this field intelligently correlates Zang-fu organ functions with health conditions and disease progression and establishes a technical system for digital and intelligent inspection， multi-dimensional and multimodal perception， fusion analysis， and decision-making. This system aims to enhance the accuracy of disease risk warning and diagnosis， bridging the gap between inspection equipment and assistance in clinical decision-making. From an evidence-based perspective， this paper systematically examines the research ideas of digital and intelligent inspection and the development of related equipment， deeply explores how to propose clinical practice-oriented key scientific issues， comprehensively acquire and co-apply multi-dimensional data， establish precise inspection models driven by digital intelligence， optimize standards to enhance equipment interoperability and reliability， construct post-effect evaluation mechanisms to promote improvement， and actively address potential risks such as the black box nature and information security in the application of intelligent technology. This paper not only demonstrates the tremendous potential of digital technologies in improving the accuracy and clinical application efficiency of inspection but also provides new perspectives and ideas for the modernization of inspection in TCM， paving the way for the application of inspection in the global medical and health field.

Objective To observe the effects of different virulence types of Helicobacter pylori on pepsin and inflammatory factors.Methods 110 patients admitted from December 2021 to March 2023 were collected and divided into HP positive group(n=79)and HP negative group(n=31)according to 13 carbon breath test results.The HP positive group was divided into type Ⅰ group(n=52),type Ⅱ group(n=11)and undetermined group(n=16)according to the Helicobacter pylori antibody typing.The HP negative group was selected and divided into blank control group(n=12).Gastric juice pH value,sodion(Na+),potassium(K+),chloridion(Cl-),IL-6,IL-8,gastrin 17(G-17),pepsinogen Ⅰ(PG Ⅰ)and pepsinogen Ⅱ(PG Ⅱ)were detected in all patients.Results Th-ere was no difference in pH,Na+,Cl-,K+ between Hp positive group and Hp negative group(P>0.05).The content of Cl-in HP-positive group was lower than that in HP-negative group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6,IL-8,G-17,PG Ⅰ and PG Ⅱ in HP-positive group were significantly higher than those in HP-negative group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in pH,Na+ and K+ between type Ⅰ group and type Ⅱ group,undetermined group and blank control group(P>0.05).The content of Cl-in type Ⅰ group and undetermined group was lower than that in blank control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6,IL-8 and PG Ⅰ in type I group were higher than those in type Ⅱ group,undetermined group and blank control group(P<0.05).There was a significant difference in PG Ⅱ between the blank control group and the other groups(P<0.05).There was no difference in G-17 content between type Ⅰ group and undetermined group(P>0.05).The level of G-17 in type I group was higher than that in type Ⅱ group and blank control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Type I Hp infection may cause gastric mucosal injury by increasing the expression of IL-6,IL-8 and G-17,and then lead to abnormal digestive function.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that research on naringin anti-osteoporosis mostly stays in in vitro and in vivo experiments.Understanding the mechanism of related signaling pathways and the expression of related proteins and some specific genes is an important way to deeply understand naringin anti-osteoporosis.At present,traditional Chinese medicine has been confirmed to have a significant role in anti-osteoporosis.Naringin is one of the main active ingredients in Rhizoma Drynariae.Its effectiveness and mechanism of action against osteoporosis have been gradually recognized by scholars,and its clinical and basic research has been gradually emphasized. OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the research progress of naringin in anti-osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo,thereby providing some ideas for the next step to study its related mechanism of action. METHODS:The relevant literatures included in CNKI and PubMed database were searched with the Chinese search terms of"naringin,osteoporosis,traditional Chinese medicine compound,pathogenesis,signaling pathway,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts"in Chinese and English,respectively.The corresponding criteria were established according to the research needs,and finally 69 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Naringin blocks the increase in the number of osteoclasts and adipocytes,the decrease in the number of osteocytes and osteocalcin(+)cells induced by fructose-rich diet,and promotes the secretion of Sema3A from osteoblasts and osteocytes,thereby enhancing local bone formation and inhibiting osteoclast production by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Naringin is an important way to induce autophagy of osteoblasts,but autophagy-related proteins participate in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.Lack of autophagy in osteoblasts reduces mineralization and leads to an imbalance in the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,which results in bone loss and decreased bone density.The composite scaffold loaded with naringin can be used as a necessary carrier for bone defect repair and has excellent bone repair properties.Naringin can also accelerate the growth of new bone tissue by increasing the local contents of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor.Naringin can regulate bone metabolism and inhibit oxidative stress via ERK,PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways to improve osteoporosis,which can play a good role in preventing and controlling the disease.However,the depth and breadth of the relevant research is insufficient.Based on the mechanism of the current study,we should investigate the specific mechanisms by which naringin regulates different pathways and inter-pathway interactions in the future,which will be beneficial to the multifaceted development of naringin used in the treatment of osteoporosis..

Bone remodeling and bone regeneration are essential for preserving skeletal integrity and maintaining mineral homeostasis.T cells,as key members of adaptive immunity,play a pivotal role in bone remodeling and bone regeneration by producing a range of cytokines and growth factors.In the physiological state,T cells are involved in the maintenance of bone homeostasis through interactions with mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,and osteoclasts.In pathological states,T cells participate in the pathological process of different types of osteoporosis through interaction with estrogen,glucocorticoids,and parathyroid hormone.During fracture healing for post-injury repair,T cells play different roles during the inflammatory hematoma phase,the bone callus formation phase and the bone remodeling phase.Targeting T cells thus emerges as a potential strategy for regulating bone homeostasis.This article reviews the research progress on related mechanisms of T cells immunity involved in bone remodeling and bone regeneration,with a view to providing a scientific basis for targeting T cells to regulate bone remodeling and bone regeneration.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and economic burden of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) in China.Methods:A population-based retrospective study was conducted using the data from China′s Urban Basic Medical Insurance data from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016. International Classification of Diseases code and diagnoses in Chinese for PPP were used to identify cases and estimate the prevalence, incidence, and cost. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results. Age-adjusted prevalence rates were calculated based on the 2010 national census data.Results:The crude prevalence and incidence rate of PPP in 2016 were 2.730/100 000 (95% CI: 2.218/100 000-3.242/100 000) and 1.556/100 000 (95% CI: 1.154/100 000-1.958/100 000), and the prevalence rate of females (2.910/100 000) was higher than that of males (2.490/100 000, χ2=97.48, P=0.001). The incidence rate of females (1.745/100 000) was also higher than that of males (1.418/100 000, χ2=85.02, P=0.001). The age peak of incidence and prevalence of patients with PPP was in the 30-39-year age group and a small peak existed in the 0-3-year age group among people under 20 years old. From 2012 to 2016, the average number of visits was (2.44±0.04) per patient, and the total per-capita cost per year was (982.40±39.19) yuan. Conclusion:In 2016, the prevalence and incidence rate of PPP in China were higher in females than in males, and the highest age peak was in the 30-39-year age group.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and economic burden of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) in China.Methods:A population-based retrospective study was conducted using the data from China′s Urban Basic Medical Insurance data from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016. International Classification of Diseases code and diagnoses in Chinese for PPP were used to identify cases and estimate the prevalence, incidence, and cost. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results. Age-adjusted prevalence rates were calculated based on the 2010 national census data.Results:The crude prevalence and incidence rate of PPP in 2016 were 2.730/100 000 (95% CI: 2.218/100 000-3.242/100 000) and 1.556/100 000 (95% CI: 1.154/100 000-1.958/100 000), and the prevalence rate of females (2.910/100 000) was higher than that of males (2.490/100 000, χ2=97.48, P=0.001). The incidence rate of females (1.745/100 000) was also higher than that of males (1.418/100 000, χ2=85.02, P=0.001). The age peak of incidence and prevalence of patients with PPP was in the 30-39-year age group and a small peak existed in the 0-3-year age group among people under 20 years old. From 2012 to 2016, the average number of visits was (2.44±0.04) per patient, and the total per-capita cost per year was (982.40±39.19) yuan. Conclusion:In 2016, the prevalence and incidence rate of PPP in China were higher in females than in males, and the highest age peak was in the 30-39-year age group.

Objective:Farfarae Flos has the effect of cough suppression and phlegm elimination,with cough suppression as the main function.Studies have revealed that certain components of Farfarae Flos may be related to its cough suppressant effect,and some components have been confirmed to have cough suppressant activity.However,the antitussive material basis of Farfarae Flos has not been systematically elucidated.This study aims to elucidate the group of active ingredients in Farfarae Flos with cough suppressant activity by correlating the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprint of Farfarae Flos extract with its cough suppressant activity. Methods:HPLC was used to establish the fingerprint profiles of 10 batches of Farfarae Flos extract and obtain their chemical composition data.Guinea pigs were selected as experimental animals and the citric acid-induced cough model was used to evaluate the antitussive efficacy data of 10 batches of Farfarae Flos extract.SPF-grade healthy male Hartley guinea pigs were randomly divided into the S1 to S10 groups,a positive control group,and a blank control group(12 groups in total),with 10 guinea pigs in each group.The S1 to S10 groups were respectively administered Farfarae Flos extract S1 to S10(4 g/kg),the positive control group was administered pentoverine citrate(10 mg/kg),and the blank control group was administered purified water.Each group received continuous oral administration for 5 days.The guinea pigs were placed in 5 L closed wide-mouth bottles,and 17.5%citric acid was sprayed into the bottle with an ultrasonic atomizer at the maximum spray intensity for 0.5 minutes.The cough latency period and cough frequency in 5 minutes were recorded for each guinea pig.Grey relational analysis(GRA)and partial least squares regression(PLSR)were used to conduct spectral-effect correlation analysis of the chemical composition data of Farfarae Flos extract and the antitussive efficacy data,and predict the group of active ingredients in Farfarae Flos with antitussive activity.The bioequivalence verification was conducted to verify the predicted group of active ingredients in Farfarae Flos with antitussive activity:SPF-grade healthy male Hartley guinea pigs were randomly divided into a S9 group,an active ingredient group,a positive control group,and a blank control group(4 groups in total),with 10 guinea pigs in each group.The S9 group was administered Farfarae Flos extract S9(4 g/kg),the active ingredient group was administered the predicted combination of antitussive active ingredients(dose equivalent to 4 g/kg of Farfarae Flos extract S9),the positive control group was administered pentoverine citrate(10 mg/kg),and the blank control group was administered purified water.Each group received continuous oral administration for 5 days,and animal modeling and observation of efficacy indicators were the same as above. Results:The HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of Farfarae Flos extract was established,and the peak area data of 14 main common peaks were obtained.The antitussive effect data of 10 batches of Farfarae Flos extract were obtained.Compared with the blank control group,the cough latence in the positive control group and S1,S2,S3,S4,S6,S7,S8,S9,S10 groups was prolonged(all P<0.01),while the cough frequency in 5 minutes in the positive control group and S1,S2,S4,S6,S8,S9,S10 groups was decreased(all P<0.05).The analysis of spectrum-effect relationship revealed that isochlorogenic acid C,isochlorogenic acid A,chlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic acid B,isoquercitrin,and rutin had high contribution to the antitussive effect of Farfarae Flos,and the 6 components were predicted to be the antitussive component group of Farfarae Flos.The verification of bioequivalence showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the antitussive effect between the S9 group and the antitussive component composition group(all P>0.05),which confirmed that isochlorogenic acid C,isochlorogenic acid A,chlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic acid B,isoquercetin,and rutin were the antitussive component group of Farfarae Flos. Conclusion:The analysis of spectrum-effect relationship combined with the verification of bioequivalence could be used to study the antitussive material basis of Farfarae Flos.The antitussive effect of Farfarae Flos is the result of the joint action of many components.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To examine the changing antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterobacter spp.isolates in 53 hospitals across China from 2015 t0 2021.Methods The clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp.were collected from 53 hospitals across China during 2015-2021 and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer method or automated testing systems according to the CHINET unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints issued by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021(M100 31st edition)and analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 37 966 Enterobacter strains were isolated from 2015 to 2021.The proportion of Enterobacter isolates among all clinical isolates showed a fluctuating trend over the 7-year period,overall 2.5％in all clinical isolates amd 5.7％in Enterobacterale strains.The most frequently isolated Enterobacter species was Enterobacter cloacae,accounting for 93.7％(35 571/37 966).The strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.4±4.6)％,followed by secretions/pus(16.4±2.3)％and urine(16.0±0.9)％.The strains from respiratory samples decreased slightly,while those from sterile body fluids increased over the 7-year period.The Enterobacter strains were mainly isolated from inpatients(92.9％),and only(7.1±0.8)％of the strains were isolated from outpatients and emergency patients.The patients in surgical wards contributed the highest number of isolates(24.4±2.9)％compared to the inpatients in any other departement.Overall,≤ 7.9％of the E.cloacae strains were resistant to amikacin,tigecycline,polymyxin B,imipenem or meropenem,while ≤5.6％of the Enterobacter asburiae strains were resistant to these antimicrobial agents.E.asburiae showed higher resistance rate to polymyxin B than E.cloacae(19.7％vs 3.9％).Overall,≤8.1％of the Enterobacter gergoviae strains were resistant to tigecycline,amikacin,meropenem,or imipenem,while 10.5％of these strains were resistant to polycolistin B.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter was 10.0％over the 7-year period,but showing an upward trend.The resistance profiles of Enterobacter isolates varied with the department from which they were isolated and whether the patient is an adult or a child.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.cloacae was the highest in the E.cloacae isolates from ICU patients.Conclusions The results of the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program indicate that the proportion of Enterobacter strains in all clinical isolates fluctuates slightly over the 7-year period from 2015 to 2021.The Enterobacter strains showed increasing resistance to multiple antimicrobial drugs,especially carbapenems over the 7-year period.