Fresh-cut processing constitutes a pivotal technique in the origin processing of Chinese medicinal materials， with a long history documented in multiple materia medica. In recent years， it has garnered national policy support for its ability to prevent component loss and low processing efficiency associated with traditional drying-before-cutting methods. As of August 2025， 26 provinces and municipalities nationwide have cumulatively published 789 species for fresh-cut processing. Among these， 78 were included in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. However， the practice continues to face common challenges and difficulties， including ambiguous scientific understanding， fragmented standards， limited quality control approaches， and poor process stability. Based on this， this paper synthesises years of research findings to systematically elucidate the core mechanisms of fresh-cut processing. These encompass alterations to herbal tissue structure during cutting， post-processing changes in constituents， and physiological-biochemical processes such as plant stress responses and shifts in endogenous enzyme activity. It also summarises influencing factors， including inherent herbal properties， cutting timing and methods， and environmental conditions like temperature， humidity， and microbial presence. Based on this overview of fresh-cutting mechanisms， subsequent research should advance in four directions：Clarifying the scientific principles of fresh-cutting， overcoming technical bottlenecks， upgrading intelligent equipment， and establishing quality standards and evaluation systems. This study provides a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for future research on fresh-cutting in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， promoting its deeper practical application within the industry and contributing to the high-quality development of TCM industry and the modernization of TCM.

BACKGROUND:Degenerative scoliosis is defined as a condition that occurs in adulthood with a coronal cobb angle of the spine>10° accompanied by sagittal deformity and rotational subluxation,which often produces symptoms of spinal cord and nerve compression,such as lumbar pain,lower limb pain,numbness,weakness,and neurogenic claudication.The finite element method is a mechanical analysis technique for computer modelling,which can be used for spinal mechanics research by building digital models that can realistically restore the human spine model and design modifications. OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis. METHODS:The literature databases CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched for articles on the application of finite element method in degenerative scoliosis published before October 2023.Search terms were"finite element analysis,biomechanics,stress analysis,degenerative scoliosis,adult spinal deformity"in Chinese and English.Fifty-four papers were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The biomechanical findings from the degenerative scoliosis model constructed using the finite element method were identical to those from the in vivo experimental studies,which proves that the finite element method has a high practical value in degenerative scoliosis.(2)The study of the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis by the finite element method is conducive to the prevention of the occurrence of the scoliosis,slowing down the progress of the scoliosis,the development of a more appropriate treatment plan,the reduction of complications,and the promotion of the patients'surgical operation.(3)The finite element method has gradually evolved from a single bony structure to the inclusion of soft tissues such as muscle ligaments,and the small sample content is increasingly unable to meet the research needs.(4)The finite element method has much room for exploration in degenerative scoliosis.

BACKGROUND:The highest incidence of spinal fracture is in the thoracolumbar segment,and its symptoms are back pain,posterior convexity deformity,activity limitation,or with spinal cord nerve injury causing lower limb pain,numbness,and even paraplegia and other complications.The finite element method is a digital computer modeling technique,which can simulate the physical model and carry out force analysis realistically.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in thoracolumbar spine fractures.METHODS:We searched the Chinese and English literature databases PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI for relevant literature on the application of the finite element analysis method in spinal thoracolumbar fracture published before March 2024.The search terms in Chinese and English were:finite element analysis methods,biomechanical phenomena,stress analysis,thoracolumbar fractures,spinal fractures.Finally,55 papers were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The exploration of thoracolumbar fractures caused by different etiologies(osteoporotic,traumatic,and pathological)through the finite element method is conducive to a deeper understanding of the biomechanics of various types of thoracolumbar fractures,and to improve the individualized and fine-tuned treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.(2)The finite element analysis of a single sample or a small number of samples has the chance,and a larger number of samples are required for the future finite element analysis to reduce the chance caused by the sample.(3)The rigid structure of bones alone cannot meet the biomechanical working conditions of the integrity of the physical object,and future finite element models need to incorporate all the structures of the physical object(e.g.,soft tissues,such as muscles and ligaments)as far as possible.(4)The finite element method has been used in more studies on osteoporotic and traumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures,which will need to be more in-depth in the future,and less in the field of pathologic thoracolumbar fractures,which has a wider scope for future research.

BACKGROUND:The highest incidence of spinal fracture is in the thoracolumbar segment,and its symptoms are back pain,posterior convexity deformity,activity limitation,or with spinal cord nerve injury causing lower limb pain,numbness,and even paraplegia and other complications.The finite element method is a digital computer modeling technique,which can simulate the physical model and carry out force analysis realistically.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in thoracolumbar spine fractures.METHODS:We searched the Chinese and English literature databases PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI for relevant literature on the application of the finite element analysis method in spinal thoracolumbar fracture published before March 2024.The search terms in Chinese and English were:finite element analysis methods,biomechanical phenomena,stress analysis,thoracolumbar fractures,spinal fractures.Finally,55 papers were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The exploration of thoracolumbar fractures caused by different etiologies(osteoporotic,traumatic,and pathological)through the finite element method is conducive to a deeper understanding of the biomechanics of various types of thoracolumbar fractures,and to improve the individualized and fine-tuned treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.(2)The finite element analysis of a single sample or a small number of samples has the chance,and a larger number of samples are required for the future finite element analysis to reduce the chance caused by the sample.(3)The rigid structure of bones alone cannot meet the biomechanical working conditions of the integrity of the physical object,and future finite element models need to incorporate all the structures of the physical object(e.g.,soft tissues,such as muscles and ligaments)as far as possible.(4)The finite element method has been used in more studies on osteoporotic and traumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures,which will need to be more in-depth in the future,and less in the field of pathologic thoracolumbar fractures,which has a wider scope for future research.

Objective To systematically retrieve,evaluate and integrate the best evidences on the early fluid resuscitation management in the patients with acute pancreatitis(AP)at home and abroad to provide ref-erence for clinical decision.Methods The related evidences on the early fluid resuscitation management in the AP patients were retrieved by computer from the databases of BMJ Best Practice,Up To Date,JBI,National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,Registered Nurses Association of Ontario,Guideline International Network,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network,International Association of Pancreatology,American Pancreatic Association,American College of Gastroenterology,Yimaitong,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Em-bass,CINAHL,The Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang databases.The retrieval time limit was from the data-base establishment to March 20,2022.The literatures types included thematic evidence summarization,guide-lines,evidence summaries,systematic reviews and expert consensus.The researchers conducted the literature quality evaluation.The literatures meeting the standard conducted the evidence extraction.Results A total of 13 arti-cles were included,including 3 special subject evidence summary,4 guidelines,2 evidence summary,2 systematic evalu-ation and 2 expert consensus.A total of 16 pieces of best evidence were integrated,involving 4 aspects of organization management,evaluation and monitoring,fluid infusion strategy and health education.Conclusion It is recommended to use the target-oriented therapy for early fluid resuscitation management,and perform the fluid resuscitation immediate-ly after diagnosis,according to the patient's underlying disease,disease changes and monitoring indicators,implement precise early fluid resuscitation in order to reverse pancreatic microcirculation disorder,increase tissue perfusion and improve the patient's prognosis.

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

Objective:To explore the influence of hypophosphatemia on weaning from mechanical ventilation.Methods:An observational study was conducted. The medical records of 30 mechanical ventilated patients with hypophosphatemia admitted to intensive care unit of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2018 to August 2020 were analyzed; another 60 mechanical ventilated patients with normophosphatemia around the same time were enrolled as controls by 1∶2 case-control matching based on gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. And then the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, times of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), the diaphragmatic ultrasonography movement indexes, and outcome of weaning and prognosis during hospitalization were compared between the two groups. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to calculate the areas under ROC curve (AUC) and cut-off values of serum phosphorus for successful weaning and hospital survival. The correlations between the diaphragmatic ultrasonography movement indexes and serum phosphorus were analyzed by Pearson partial correlation analysis.Results:Compared with normophosphatemic group, the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in hypophosphatemia group was significantly longer [days: 13.0 (7.0, 22.0) vs. 10.0 (5.5, 14.0), P < 0.05], and SBT attempts were more often [times: 3 (0, 5) vs. 1 (1, 2), P < 0.01], while the rate of successful weaning was lower (53.3% vs. 91.7%, P < 0.01), and the hospital mortality was higher (20.0% vs. 1.7%, P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that serum phosphorus could predict successful weaning of mechanical ventilated patients, the AUC was 0.795, and the optimum cut-off value of serum phosphorus was 0.85 mmol/L with sensitivity of 73.2% and specificity of 84.2%. Serum phosphorus could predict hospital survival of mechanical ventilated patients, the AUC was 0.782, and the optimum cut-off value of serum phosphorus was 0.48 mmol/L with sensitivity of 81.9% and specificity of 85.7%. Compared with normophosphatemic group, diaphragm thickness at the end of inspiration (DTei), diaphragm thickness at the end of expiration (DTee), diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF), diaphragm excursion (DE) in hypophosphatemia group were all significantly decreased [DTei (cm): 0.19±0.07 vs. 0.27±0.08, DTee (cm): 0.14±0.05 vs. 0.19±0.06, DTF: (33.55±16.17)% vs. (45.04±18.66)%, DE (cm): 1.17±0.49 vs. 2.28±0.69, all P < 0.01]. Pearson partial correlation analysis showed that linear correlations were found between serum phosphorus and DTei, DTee, DTF, DE ( r values were 0.442, 0.351, 0.293, 0.628 respectively, all P < 0.01). Conclusions:Serum phosphorus may have correlation with the diaphragmatic ultrasonography movement indexes. Hypophosphatemia may impair the contractile properties of diaphragm, induce more SBT attempts and longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and affect outcome of weaning and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of tamoxifen (TAM) on the invasiveness of breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells and its mechanism.Methods The SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells in logarithmic growth period were cultured for 24 h by theserum-free RPMI 1640 culture medium,and then were divided into control group (serumfree RPMI 1640 medium) and TAM group(serum-freeRPMI 16400.5,2.5,12.5 mol·L-1TAM).Western blot was used to detect matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2),and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in groups.Scratch and transwelhests were used to detect the invasiveness of SK-BR-3 cells.Results The results of scratch test and Transwell experiment showed that the relative invasive ability of SKM-BR-3 cells in TAM (0.5,2.5,12.5 mol/L) group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The invasive ability of SK-BR-3 cells increased with the increase of TAM con centration.The results of Western blot showed that the expression levels of VEGF,MMP-9 and MMP-2 in SK-BR-3 cells of TAM group were average.It was significantly higher than the control group,and the expression levels of VEGF,MMP-9 and MMP-2 in SK-BR-3 cells increased gradually with the increase of TAM concentration.Conclusion Tamoxifen may play the role of estrogens and promote the invasiveness of SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells,via increasing the expression levels of VEGF,MMP-9 and MMP-2.

Objective To investigate the risk factors contributing to hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in pilots.Methods Two hundred and forty-six pilots received the physical examination and were asked to fill out a questionnaire.Physical examination information included height,weight,abdominal ultrasonography result and blood lipid.The questionnaire included the pilots' age,flying hours time,physical exercise amount,working pressure,sleep condition,optimistic mood status,dietary habits,nutrition knowledge awareness,smoking and drinking habit.According to the results of physical examination,the pilots with hyperlipidemia and(or) fatty liver were selected as case group,and the pilots without hyperlipidemia or fatty liver were in control group.The scores of two groups were compared.According to the caculated BMI,pilots were also divided into normal(BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2)overweight(BMI 24 27.9 kg/m2) obesity(BMI＞27.9 kg/m2) groups.The differences on prevalence of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver were compared among different BMI groups.Results ①There were 225 valid questionnaires out of 246 pilots and the valid rate was 91.5％.There were 60 pilots had fatty liver and the prevalence of fatty liver was 26.7％(60/225).There were 42 pilots had hyperlipidemia and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 18.7％ (42/225).According to the physical examination,there were 138 pilots in control group and 87 pilots in case group.②In case group,pilots' age,daily cigarette consumption and daily alcohol consumption were higher than those in control group (Z=2.008,2.934,2.153,P＜0.05).The pilots' BMI of case group were higher than that of control group (t=35.793,P＜0.05).The scores of exercise and sleep of case group were lower than those of control group (t=19.518,5.701,P＜0.05).③The detection rates of overweight and obesity in case group were higher than those in control group (x2 =16.327,13.157,P＜0.05).The prevalence differences of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver were statistically significant among different BMI groups (x2 =37.505,P＜0.05).④The smoking and drinking rates of case group were higher than those of control group (x2 =8.636,4.497,P＜0.05).Conclusions The main risk factors of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in pilots are obesity and lack of exercise.Other factors like age,sleepquality,smoking or drinking habit have certain extent impacts on the diseases.Pilots should strengthen the physical exercise and control BMI to effectively reduce the incidence of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in order to prolong the pilot's flying career.

Objective To investigate the risk factors contributing to hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in pilots.Methods Two hundred and forty-six pilots received the physical examination and were asked to fill out a questionnaire.Physical examination information included height,weight,abdominal ultrasonography result and blood lipid.The questionnaire included the pilots' age,flying hours time,physical exercise amount,working pressure,sleep condition,optimistic mood status,dietary habits,nutrition knowledge awareness,smoking and drinking habit.According to the results of physical examination,the pilots with hyperlipidemia and(or) fatty liver were selected as case group,and the pilots without hyperlipidemia or fatty liver were in control group.The scores of two groups were compared.According to the caculated BMI,pilots were also divided into normal(BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2)overweight(BMI 24 27.9 kg/m2) obesity(BMI＞27.9 kg/m2) groups.The differences on prevalence of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver were compared among different BMI groups.Results ①There were 225 valid questionnaires out of 246 pilots and the valid rate was 91.5％.There were 60 pilots had fatty liver and the prevalence of fatty liver was 26.7％(60/225).There were 42 pilots had hyperlipidemia and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 18.7％ (42/225).According to the physical examination,there were 138 pilots in control group and 87 pilots in case group.②In case group,pilots' age,daily cigarette consumption and daily alcohol consumption were higher than those in control group (Z=2.008,2.934,2.153,P＜0.05).The pilots' BMI of case group were higher than that of control group (t=35.793,P＜0.05).The scores of exercise and sleep of case group were lower than those of control group (t=19.518,5.701,P＜0.05).③The detection rates of overweight and obesity in case group were higher than those in control group (x2 =16.327,13.157,P＜0.05).The prevalence differences of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver were statistically significant among different BMI groups (x2 =37.505,P＜0.05).④The smoking and drinking rates of case group were higher than those of control group (x2 =8.636,4.497,P＜0.05).Conclusions The main risk factors of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in pilots are obesity and lack of exercise.Other factors like age,sleepquality,smoking or drinking habit have certain extent impacts on the diseases.Pilots should strengthen the physical exercise and control BMI to effectively reduce the incidence of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in order to prolong the pilot's flying career.