Purpose: This study aimed to identify the altered pathways and genes associated with freezing damage in human sperm during cryopreservation by multiomics analysis. Materials and Methods: Fifteen fresh human semen samples were collected for transcriptomic analysis, and another 5 fresh human semen samples were obtained for metabolomic analysis. For each semen sample, 1 mL was cryopreserved, and another 1 mL was left untreated for paired design. The results were then combined with previously published proteomic results to identify key genes/pathways. Results: Cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm motility and mitochondrial structure. Transcriptomic analysis revealed altered mitochondrial function, including changes in tRNA-methyltransferase activity and adenosine tri-phosphate/adenosine di-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity. Metabolomic analysis showed that the citrate cycle in mitochondria was significantly altered. Combining transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses revealed 346 genes that were altered in at least two omics analyses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that metabolic pathways were significantly altered and strongly associated with mitochondria. Five genes were altered in all three omics analyses: COL11A1, COL18A1, LPCAT3, NME1, and NNT. Conclusions Five genes were identified by multiomics analysis in human cryopreserved sperm. These genes might have specific functions in cryopreservation. Explorations of the functions of these genes will be helpful for sperm cryopreservation and sperm motility improvement or even for reproduction in the future.

COVID-19 pandemic has put a huge burden on public health and global economy. Vaccines play an important role in controlling virus transmission and reducing mortality. While monoclonal virus neutralizing antibodies can reduce the viral load, improve symptoms, and prevent the aggravation of the disease from hospitalization. Now hundreds of clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine and monoclonal neutralizing antibody are in progress. The vaccine focuses on disease prevention, while the neutralizing antibody focuses on disease treatment. There are quite many differences between the two kinds of clinical trials by following different technical guidelines, research purpose, trial design, implementation and outcome assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the similarities and differences between the clinical trials for the reference of new drug research and development as well as clinical researchers.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of primary cardiac tumors in infants and children.Methods:The clinical information for 21 patients with primary cardiac tumor in the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2010 to August 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.Their median age was 7 months (gestational age 26 weeks-15 years old, and 6 cases were found in fetal phase) and 10 cases of them were male, 11 cases were girl.The clinical features, treatment methods and prognosis were summarized.Results:Among the 21 patients, 8 cases had an atypical heart murmur, 2 cases with chest tightness and chest pain, 2 cases with congestive heart failure, 1 case with dizziness and amaurosis, 1 case with cerebral artery embolism, 1 case with higher inflammatory index, and 9 cases were asymptomatic.Totally, 13 cases underwent surgical resection.All of them were confirmed as benign tumors, including 4 cases of rhabdomyoma, 3 cases of myxoma, 3 cases of fibroma and 2 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) and 1 case of teratomas.There was no death during perioperative period.Follow-ups were performed from 3 months to 7 years, and 3 cases had recu-rrence (2 cases with myxomas and 1 cases with IMT). There were 8 cases without treatment, of which 7 cases were clinically diagnosed as transverse leiomyoma.During the follow-up, 3 cases disappeared, 1 case became small, 2 cases had no obvious change, and 1 case was lost to follow-up.One case was considered to be malignant tumor, and died within half a year.Conclusions:Primary cardiac tumors in children are mostly benign, especially transverse leiomyoma, and their clinical manifestations are diverse.Pathological examination is the golden standard for diagnosis.Surgical treatment is a radical method for most cardiac tumors, some benign tumors can be treated with drug adjuvant therapy, while the prognosis is poor for malignant cardiac tumor patients.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of isoquercitrin， astragalin and salvianolic acid B in Moringa oleifera leaves granules. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Cosmosil-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 ℃ and detection wavelength was set at 260 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS： The linear ranges of isoquercitrin， astragalin and salvianolic acid B were 0.017-0.341， 0.010-0.194， 0.010-0.195 mg/mL， respectively （all r＞0.999 0）. The detection limits were 0.085， 0.143， 0.117 μg/mL， and the limits of quantitation were 0.283， 0.476， 0.392 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0％ （n＝6）. Average recoveries were 101.22％， 98.76％ and 98.72％， and RSDs were 0.66％，0.30％，0.30％ （n＝6）， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is simple， accurate and reproducible. It can be used for simultaneous determination of isoquercitrin， astragalin and salvianolic acid B in M. oleifera leaves granules.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Isoquercitrin and astragalin in Moringa oleifera leaves prescription. Methods By using HPLC method with Cosmosil-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) and the column temperature was 40 degrees Celsius, the mobile phase contains a 0.1％phosphoric acid in water(A) and acetonitrile(B), the detection wavelength was set at 350nm by UV detector and the flow rate was 1.3 ml/min. Results The Isoquercitrin and astragalin was better separated in 30 minutes, and Isoquercitrin had a good linear correlation at the range of 0.24-4.73 μg, while astragalin was 0.11-2.19 μg, the average spiked recoveries of isoquercetin and astragalin were 99.09％ (RSD=0.60％) and 99.08％ (RSD=1.37％), respectively. Conclusions The proposed method is simple,accurate,and repeatable and can be used for quality control as well as a powerful tool to evaluate the processing of Moringa oleifera leaves. It can provide the reference basis and data support for the determination of content of Moringa oleifera health products.

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of Compound purgative Moringa Oleifera by central composite design-response surface method. Methods The content of isoquercetin and astragalin, the yield of dry extract and overall desirability (OD) were used as the evaluation indexes; the factors such as water addition, extraction times and time for extraction were employed to optimize extraction technology of central composite design-response surface method. Results Optimal extraction technology was as follows: 3 times extracted with 10-fold the amount of water for 1 h each time. Conclusions Central composite design-response surface method was suitable for optimizing extraction technology of compound purgative Moringa Oleifera.

Objective To study the activation characteristics in the prefrontal cortex(PFC) of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the working memory tasks by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS). Methods In this study, 12 children with ADHD and 13 typically developing children were studied. N-back task was chosen as the neuropsychology task. The functional blood oxygen metabolism signals and the correct number of key-press were recorded when the children performed n-back task by using fNIRS. The average change of the hemoglobin concentration and the correct number of keys were compared by t test.Results (1)In the behavior data,ADHD children had a lower correct number of key-press compared with typically developing children at both 0-back and 1-back task conditions(0-back:t=-2.222,P=0.043;1-back:t=-3.276,P=0.005).(2)For the 0-back task condition, there was no statistical difference between the two groups. For the 1-back task condition, task-related increment of the oxygen-Hb concentration, the marker of cortex activation, in ADHD children was significantly smaller than the typically developing children for channel 18, which was located in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)(ADHD children:(0.022±0.040)mmol/(L·mm);Typical Developing Children:(0.085 ± 0.040)mmol/(L·mm); t=3.88,P<0.05). Conclusions The PFC activation in ADHD children may be significantly decreased, which probably indicates a working memory defect in ADHD children.

Objective To study the activation characteristics in the prefrontal cortex(PFC) of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the working memory tasks by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS). Methods In this study, 12 children with ADHD and 13 typically developing children were studied. N-back task was chosen as the neuropsychology task. The functional blood oxygen metabolism signals and the correct number of key-press were recorded when the children performed n-back task by using fNIRS. The average change of the hemoglobin concentration and the correct number of keys were compared by t test.Results (1)In the behavior data,ADHD children had a lower correct number of key-press compared with typically developing children at both 0-back and 1-back task conditions(0-back:t=-2.222,P=0.043;1-back:t=-3.276,P=0.005).(2)For the 0-back task condition, there was no statistical difference between the two groups. For the 1-back task condition, task-related increment of the oxygen-Hb concentration, the marker of cortex activation, in ADHD children was significantly smaller than the typically developing children for channel 18, which was located in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)(ADHD children:(0.022±0.040)mmol/(L·mm);Typical Developing Children:(0.085 ± 0.040)mmol/(L·mm); t=3.88,P<0.05). Conclusions The PFC activation in ADHD children may be significantly decreased, which probably indicates a working memory defect in ADHD children.

Objective To quantitatively assess renal hemodynamic changes in hypertensive acute kidney injury in rabbits induced by L-NAME using 64-slice spiral CT functional imaging techniques,and to explore the application of these techniques in evaluation of early kidney functional changes.Methods Fourteen female New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group (n=6)and L-NAME group (n=8).The control group was injected NaCl solution and the L-NAME group was injected the same amount of L-NAME solution to make hypertensive acute kidney injury model.64-slice spiral CT and SPECT were scanned af-ter injection.Blood samples were collected before and after injecting NaCl and L-NAME solution to detect serum creatinine (Cr).Cr level and CT perfusion parameters of the two groups were analyzed and compared with the pathology results.GFRCT detected by con-trast-enhanced CT and GFRSPECT detected by SPECT were analyzed by the rank correlation test.Results Renal blood volume,blood flow,permeability surface,time to peak,and peak value had statistically significant differences between the control and L-NAME group (P <0.05).GFRCT and GFRSPECT had obvious correlation.GFRCT of L-NAME group was obviously lower than that of the con-trol group.The kidneys of L-NAME group showed obviously injured under both light microscope and microscope.Conclusion 64-slice spiral CT functional imaging techniques can dynamically observe and quantitatively assess early hypertensive kidney dysfunc-tion,especially unilateral renal blood flow abnormalities.It is an effective examination in quantitatively assessing kidney function.

Objective To observe the influence of congenital heart disease(atrial septal defect,ASD)to intervene closure on the right structure of children(<1 5 years)and adults(1 5-65 years)and to make the safety assessment.Methods Totally 1 1 1 un-derwent interventional treatment of complications in patients with ASD in our hospital from 2010 to 2013 were retrospective ana-lyzed.Closure on changing of right heart structure of child and adult were measured by ultrasonic cardiogram.Closure falls off,shut valve insufficiency,arrhythmia,residual shunt were recorded by ultrasonic cardiogram and electrocardiogram.making statistical a-nalysis.Results The inner diameter of the right atrium(RAD),right ventricle diameter(RVD),pulmonary artery diameter(PA) and right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)were decreased compared with pre-operation(P < 0.05 ),during the follow-up 1,3,6 month,they was continue decreased in the aged between1 5-65 group(P <0.05),but was stable in less than 1 5 years old age group (P >0.05 ).The complication rate of children and adults were 25.0% and 21.3% respectively,and there were no significantly difference(P >0.05),and was no serious complications.Conclusion Congenital heart disease intervention of atria septal defects can improve heart right structure,which can benefit both children and adult,there is no difference in complication rates.All of these have less serious complications,high safety,curative effect affirmation.