OBJECTIVE To analyze the prototype components absorbed into blood and brain of Lithocarpus litseifolius leaves， so as to provide a reference for clarifying the pharmacological material basis of its prevention and treatment of central nervous system dis eases. METHODS The ethanol extract of L. litseifolius leaves， as well as the gastric lavage fluid and perfusion solution were prepared. Using rats as subjects， plasma samples of intestinal wall metabolism， intestinal flora metabolism and hepatic metabolism were prepared via in situ intestinal perfusion and closed intestinal loop method； while comprehensive metabolic plasma samples， brain tissue samples， and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected after intragastric administration. UPLC-HRMS technology was utilized to analyze and identify chemical components and prototype components absorbed into blood and brain of L. litseifolius leaves. RESULTS A total of 66 chemical constituents were identified in L. litseifolius leaves， primarily consisting of flavonoids， organic acids， and others. A total of 16， 13， 11， and 5 prototype components were identified in intestinal wall metabolism， intestinal flora metabolism， hepatic metabolism， and comprehensive metabolic plasma samples， respectively. Additionally， 4 prototype components were detected in brain tissue and 9 in cerebrospinal fluid. Phloridzin， trilobatin， phloretin-2- O -malonyl hexoside， and phloretin were identified as common components across all sample types. CONCLUSIONS Prototype components absorbed into blood and brain of L. litseifolius leaves， such as phloridzin， trilobatin， phloretin， and other components may serve as the pharmacological material basis for their therapeutic effects on central nervous system diseases.

Metastasis serves as an indicator of malignancy and is a biological characteristic of carcinomas. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in the promotion of tumor invasion and metastasis and in the enhancement of tumor cell aggressiveness. Prostaglandin E synthase 3 (p23) is a cochaperone for heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Our previous study showed that p23 is an HSP90-independent transcription factor in cancer-associated inflammation. The effect and mechanism of action of p23 on lung cancer metastasis are tested in this study. By utilizing cell models in vitro and mouse tail vein metastasis models in vivo, the results provide solid evidence that p23 is critical for promoting lung cancer metastases by regulating downstream CXCL1 expression. Rather than acting independently, p23 forms a complex with RNA-binding motif protein 14 (RBM14) to facilitate EMT progression in lung cancer. Therefore, our study provides evidence for the potential role of the RBM14-p23-CXCL1-EMT axis in the metastasis of lung cancer.

Objective:To explore the clinical distribution characteristics and changes of common inhalant allergens and food allergens in all outpatient and inpatient children visiting Shanghai Children′s Hospital from 2020 to 2024, and to provide a basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in children.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to retrospectively enroll all outpatient and inpatient children who visited Shanghai Children′s Hospital and underwent serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) antibody testing from January 2020 to August 2024, and the characteristics and changing trends of allergens in the past 5 years were analyzed. A total of 127 310 tests were included. There were 76 776 male tests (60.31%) and 50 534 female tests (39.69%). There were 27 392 tests (21.52%) aged 0-3 years (infant group), 51 596 tests (40.53%) aged 4-6 years (preschool group), 44 574 tests (35.01%) aged 7-12 years (school-age group), and 3 748 tests (2.94%) aged 13-18 years (adolescent group). The χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The difference in total positivity rate between different years was statistically significant ( χ2=2 907.478, P<0.001). The positive rates of inhalant allergens such as house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae, cockroach, cat dander, mugwort, Humulus scandens, mold fungi mix, and food allergens such as beef and mutton increased significantly with age (The χ2 values were 649.496, 3 414.686, 303.247, 1 277.408, 40.477, 189.952, 600.737, 203.198, and 15.301, respectively, and the P values were <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001,<0.001,<0.001, and 0.002, respectively). The positive rates of inhalant allergen such as Ambrosia elatior (1.59%) and food allergens such as egg white (17.36%), milk (30.48%), shrimp (8.27%), crab (8.13%), codfish (2.61%), salmon (0.66%), mytilus edulis (2.89%), lobster/scallop (5.27%), cashew nuts (5.09%), peanuts (3.54%), and soybean (1.73%) were highest at the age of 0-3 years and decreased significantly with age (The χ2 values were 10.365, 2 407.443, 139.085, 872.548, 870.245, 106.823, 47.674, 47.244, 559.422, 369.800, 384.788, 153.660, respectively, and the P values were 0.016, 0.000,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001, respectively). Inhaled allergens mainly have a greater impact on children with respiratory-related diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, while food allergens mainly have a greater impact on children with atopic dermatitis/eczema. The positive rate of sIgE of various allergens in the allergic rhinitis combined asthma group were higher than that of allergic rhinitis alone, and the sIgE positive rate of total allergens and inhaled allergens was significantly higher than that of allergic rhinitis alone ( χ2=20.851, 39.155, the P values were both<0.001). Among them, the sIgE positive rate of Ambrosia elatior and cashew nuts showed significant difference ( χ2=5.044, 8.420, P=0.025, 0.004); and the sIgE positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae, cat dander, grass pollens mix and mold fungi mix had extremely significant difference ( χ2=26.409, 25.990, 21.283, 16.411, the P values were all <0.001). The inhaled allergens and food allergens with the highest positive rates in the 5 years were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae (56.21%) and milk (47.47%), and as time went by, the positive rates gradually decreased. There is a moderate correlation between the three allergens of Ambrosia elatior, Amaranthus retroflexus, and tree pollens mix (0.55, 0.70, 0.63), and there is a moderate correlation between mango and tree pollens mix (0.50). Conclusion:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae, cat dander, dog dander, egg white, and milk may be important allergens for children in Shanghai City from 2020 to 2024. The positive rates vary among different genders, age groups, and disease groups, but the positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae, milk and cat dander allergens remain in the top three.

Objective:Micro-and nanostructures with sharp disordered and rounded ordered features were fabricated on titanium surfaces,respectively,and their osteogenic potential was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Sharp disordered titanium surfaces(SLA-Ti)and rounded ordered titanium surfaces(Laser-Ti)were prepared using sandblast acid etching and high-repeti-tion-rate femtosecond laser,respectively.Smooth titanium(Ti)was used as the control group,SLA-Ti and Laser-Ti were used as the experimental groups.Characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy coupled with hydrophilicity assess-ments.The adhesion,elongation,and osteogenic differentiation capabilities of osteoblasts in vitro were evaluated through cell mor-phology observations,cytoskeletal fluorescence staining,cell viability assays,and PCR experiments.Osteogenic potential in vivo of rabbits was assessed through Micro CT scans and histological staining(HE and Masson).Results:The surface of Laser-Ti exhibits a rounded,ordered,multi-scale micro-and nano-morphology with the best hydrophilicity(P＜0.01).In vitro,it promotes cell adhe-sion,extension,and osteogenic differentiation,while in vivo,it enhances bone regeneration around the implants.Overall,a trend of Laser-Ti＞SLA-Ti＞Ti is observed,with a higher bone volume fraction(BV/TV)(P＜0.05),greater trabecular thickness(Tb.Th)(P＜0.05),an increased number of trabeculae(Tb.N)(P＜0.05),and a larger area of bone around the implants(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The rounded ordered micro-and nano-structures fabricated using high-repetition-rate fem-tosecond laser demonstrate enhanced osteoinductive capac-ity both in vitro and in vivo.

Double network(DN)hydrogels have the ability to precisely adjust physical and chemical properties,change the interac-tion between biomaterials and cells or biomolecules,which can better fulfill clinical needs.DN have been widely used in tissue engi-neering and regenerative medicine.This article summarizes the advantages of DN hydrogels used in bone tissue regeneration,and intro-duces the effect of DN hydrogel systems on the behavior of loading cells,drug delivering in bone reparation,and the application of DN hydrogel system in microenvironment construction,bioactive composite materials,and antibacterial activity to meet the needs of bone regeneration.

Objective:To explore the clinical distribution characteristics and changes of common inhalant allergens and food allergens in all outpatient and inpatient children visiting Shanghai Children′s Hospital from 2020 to 2024, and to provide a basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in children.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to retrospectively enroll all outpatient and inpatient children who visited Shanghai Children′s Hospital and underwent serum allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) antibody testing from January 2020 to August 2024, and the characteristics and changing trends of allergens in the past 5 years were analyzed. A total of 127 310 tests were included. There were 76 776 male tests (60.31%) and 50 534 female tests (39.69%). There were 27 392 tests (21.52%) aged 0-3 years (infant group), 51 596 tests (40.53%) aged 4-6 years (preschool group), 44 574 tests (35.01%) aged 7-12 years (school-age group), and 3 748 tests (2.94%) aged 13-18 years (adolescent group). The χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The difference in total positivity rate between different years was statistically significant ( χ2=2 907.478, P<0.001). The positive rates of inhalant allergens such as house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae, cockroach, cat dander, mugwort, Humulus scandens, mold fungi mix, and food allergens such as beef and mutton increased significantly with age (The χ2 values were 649.496, 3 414.686, 303.247, 1 277.408, 40.477, 189.952, 600.737, 203.198, and 15.301, respectively, and the P values were <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001,<0.001,<0.001, and 0.002, respectively). The positive rates of inhalant allergen such as Ambrosia elatior (1.59%) and food allergens such as egg white (17.36%), milk (30.48%), shrimp (8.27%), crab (8.13%), codfish (2.61%), salmon (0.66%), mytilus edulis (2.89%), lobster/scallop (5.27%), cashew nuts (5.09%), peanuts (3.54%), and soybean (1.73%) were highest at the age of 0-3 years and decreased significantly with age (The χ2 values were 10.365, 2 407.443, 139.085, 872.548, 870.245, 106.823, 47.674, 47.244, 559.422, 369.800, 384.788, 153.660, respectively, and the P values were 0.016, 0.000,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001, respectively). Inhaled allergens mainly have a greater impact on children with respiratory-related diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, while food allergens mainly have a greater impact on children with atopic dermatitis/eczema. The positive rate of sIgE of various allergens in the allergic rhinitis combined asthma group were higher than that of allergic rhinitis alone, and the sIgE positive rate of total allergens and inhaled allergens was significantly higher than that of allergic rhinitis alone ( χ2=20.851, 39.155, the P values were both<0.001). Among them, the sIgE positive rate of Ambrosia elatior and cashew nuts showed significant difference ( χ2=5.044, 8.420, P=0.025, 0.004); and the sIgE positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae, cat dander, grass pollens mix and mold fungi mix had extremely significant difference ( χ2=26.409, 25.990, 21.283, 16.411, the P values were all <0.001). The inhaled allergens and food allergens with the highest positive rates in the 5 years were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae (56.21%) and milk (47.47%), and as time went by, the positive rates gradually decreased. There is a moderate correlation between the three allergens of Ambrosia elatior, Amaranthus retroflexus, and tree pollens mix (0.55, 0.70, 0.63), and there is a moderate correlation between mango and tree pollens mix (0.50). Conclusion:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae, cat dander, dog dander, egg white, and milk may be important allergens for children in Shanghai City from 2020 to 2024. The positive rates vary among different genders, age groups, and disease groups, but the positive rates of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/ Dermatophagoides farinae, milk and cat dander allergens remain in the top three.

Objective:Micro-and nanostructures with sharp disordered and rounded ordered features were fabricated on titanium surfaces,respectively,and their osteogenic potential was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Sharp disordered titanium surfaces(SLA-Ti)and rounded ordered titanium surfaces(Laser-Ti)were prepared using sandblast acid etching and high-repeti-tion-rate femtosecond laser,respectively.Smooth titanium(Ti)was used as the control group,SLA-Ti and Laser-Ti were used as the experimental groups.Characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy coupled with hydrophilicity assess-ments.The adhesion,elongation,and osteogenic differentiation capabilities of osteoblasts in vitro were evaluated through cell mor-phology observations,cytoskeletal fluorescence staining,cell viability assays,and PCR experiments.Osteogenic potential in vivo of rabbits was assessed through Micro CT scans and histological staining(HE and Masson).Results:The surface of Laser-Ti exhibits a rounded,ordered,multi-scale micro-and nano-morphology with the best hydrophilicity(P＜0.01).In vitro,it promotes cell adhe-sion,extension,and osteogenic differentiation,while in vivo,it enhances bone regeneration around the implants.Overall,a trend of Laser-Ti＞SLA-Ti＞Ti is observed,with a higher bone volume fraction(BV/TV)(P＜0.05),greater trabecular thickness(Tb.Th)(P＜0.05),an increased number of trabeculae(Tb.N)(P＜0.05),and a larger area of bone around the implants(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The rounded ordered micro-and nano-structures fabricated using high-repetition-rate fem-tosecond laser demonstrate enhanced osteoinductive capac-ity both in vitro and in vivo.

Double network(DN)hydrogels have the ability to precisely adjust physical and chemical properties,change the interac-tion between biomaterials and cells or biomolecules,which can better fulfill clinical needs.DN have been widely used in tissue engi-neering and regenerative medicine.This article summarizes the advantages of DN hydrogels used in bone tissue regeneration,and intro-duces the effect of DN hydrogel systems on the behavior of loading cells,drug delivering in bone reparation,and the application of DN hydrogel system in microenvironment construction,bioactive composite materials,and antibacterial activity to meet the needs of bone regeneration.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, muscle imaging and pathological features of patients with anti-signal recognition particle positive immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (SRP-IMNM).Methods:Nine patients with SRP-IMNM were collected in the Neuromuscular Disease Center of Jiaozuo People′s Hospital from May 2018 to May 2023, who were confirmed by skeletal muscle pathology and myositis-specific autoantibodies detection, and their clinical manifestations, muscle imaging and muscle pathology characteristics were systematically summarized.Results:Among the 9 patients with SRP-IMNM, there were 7 females and 2 males. The age of onset ranged from 18 to 59 years. All the patients presented proximal muscle weakness. Seven patients experienced neck weakness, and dysphagia was present in 5 patients. Laboratory examinations showed elevated serum creatine kinase levels in all 9 patients (1 866-6 725 U/L). Eight patients were combined with other antibodies positivity, except for anti-SRP antibody. Among them, 7 patients were combined with anti-Ro-52 antibody positivity, 4 patients combined with anti-Ro-52 antibody positivity alone, and 3 patients combined with 3 or more positive antibodies simultaneously. Those patients who presented with interstitial lung disease and cardiac involvement were all combined with other antibodies positivity. Seven patients completed thigh muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which showed diffuse skeletal muscle oedema, partial muscle atrophy and fatty replacement, primarily affecting the posterior thigh muscle group. Two patients underwent shank muscle MRI. The soleus involvement was evident, while the tibialis anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscles were involved in 1 patient. All 9 patients showed varying degrees of scattered muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration on muscle biopsies. In 1 patient, a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Pipestem capillaries were observed in 4 patients. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a small number of CD68-positive lymphocytes in 8 patients. Additionally, 5 patients showed upregulation of major histocompatibility complex Ⅰ expression on the muscle fiber membrane, while 6 patients showed deposition of membrane attack complex (C5b-9) on non-necrotic muscle fibers and capillaries. P62 staining showed homogeneous fine-granular in sarcoplasm in 6 patients.Conclusions:In addition to proximal muscle weakness, patients with SRP-IMNM often experience neck weakness and dysphagia. Those with multiple antibodies are more likely to develop interstitial lung disease and cardiac involvement. SRP-IMNM patients have diffuse oedema in the affected muscles, and the posterior thigh muscles are more prone to atrophy and fatty tissue formation. C5b-9 deposition and pipestem capillaries are significant pathological features of SRP-IMNM, which provide additional evidence for clinical diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score and screw loosening after dynamic pedicle screw fixation with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods, and evaluate its predictive value. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the patients who underwent dynamic pedicle screw fixation with PEEK rods from March 2017 to June 2022. Data on age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia history, long-term smoking, alcohol consumption, VBQ score, L1–4 average Hounsfield unit (HU) value, surgical fixation length, and the lowest instrumented vertebra were collected. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between VBQ score and pedicle screw loosening (PSL). Results: A total of 24 patients experienced PSL after surgery (20.5%). PSL group and non-PSL group showed statistical differences in age, number of fixed segments, fixation to the sacrum, L1–4 average HU value, and VBQ score (p < 0.05). The VBQ score in the PSL group was higher than that in the non-PSL group (3.56 ± 0.45 vs. 2.77 ± 0.31, p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, VBQ score (odds ratio, 3.425; 95% confidence interval, 1.552–8.279) were identified as independent risk factors for screw loosening. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for VBQ score predicting PSL was 0.819 (p < 0.05), with the optimal threshold of 3.15 (sensitivity, 83.1%; specificity, 80.5%). Conclusion The VBQ score can independently predict postoperative screw loosening in patients undergoing lumbar dynamic pedicle screw fixation with PEEK rods, and its predictive value is comparable to HU value.