Infections associated with orthopaedic implants are currently one of the major concerns of orthopaedic surgeons. Metallic antimicrobial nanocoatings have demonstrated great potential in preventing implant infections due to their excellent antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility. However, there are potential risks associated with these metal nanoparticles, such as cytotoxicity of silver and copper, and rapid dissolution of zinc and magnesium which affects implant stability. Therefore, the clinical application of nanometallic coatings still faces challenges in how to better enhance biosafety, regulate degradation rate, and enhance osseointegration. This paper reviews the progress and challenges in the application of antimicrobial nanometallic coatings on implants to provide a reference for related research.

Objective:To investigate the effects of dual vascularized tissue-engineered bone constructed by vascular bundles and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on repair of large bone defects and vascular regeneration.Methods:EPCs were seeded on the demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds and cultured for 6 days. The attachment and morphology of EPCs on DBM scaffolds were observed by electron microscopy. Next, the radial artery was implanted into a vascular groove opened inside the DBM-EPCs composite scaffolds. Finally, models of a large segmental bone defect were constructed using the radii from 18 New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups using a simple random sampling method: DBM group, DBM+EPCs group, DBM+vascular bundle group, and DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group. The DBM group and DBM+EPCs group shared the same rabbits so that transplantations were conducted into the left and right forearms respectively; the DBM+vascular bundle group and DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group also shared the same rabbits so that transplantations were conducted into the left and right forearms respectively. Consequently, there were 9 experimental sites in each group. X-ray examination and gross morphological observation were performed to evaluate the bone regeneration in the experimental rabbits in each group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, and CD31 immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the vascular regeneration. Micro-CT was used to analyze bone tissue parameters and reconstruct the three-dimensional structures of the defects site at 12 weeks after surgery.Results:Compared with the DBM, DBM+EPCs and DBM+vascular bundle groups, the DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group showed new bone tissue crawling on the scaffold surface at 4 weeks after surgery, almost complete healing of the bone defect area at 8 weeks, and forming of a complete and dense bone bridge and appearance of a bone marrow cavity at 12 weeks. Micro-CT data at 12 weeks after surgery showed regular arrangement of the trabeculae, significantly improved mineralization, and increased thickness of the bone cortex in the DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group. Additionally, in the DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group, the number of microvessels was significantly higher than that in the other groups at 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery ( P<0.05), and the angiogenesis and bone tissue regeneration were particularly prominent at 12 weeks after surgery. The number of CD31 cells in the DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group increased significantly more than that in the DBM, DBM+EPCs and DBM+vascular bundle groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:As the dual vascularized tissue-engineered bone constructed by vascular bundles and EPCs can significantly promote bone tissue regeneration and angiogenesis, it may be a potential therapeutic strategy for repair of large bone defects.

Objective To investigate prognostic value of serum levels of cathepsin B(CTSB)and NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4)in patients with sepsis associated acute kidney injury(S-AKI).Methods A total of 306 pa-tients with sepsis treated to the hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected,including 192 patients with S-AKI(S-AKI group)and 114 patients without S-AKI(non-S-AKI group).According to the prognosis of S-AKI patients,they were divided into poor prognosis group(n=127)and non-poor prognosis group(n=65).The differences of CTSB and NOX4 in different groups were compared.Pearson analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between CTSB,NOX4 and clinical indicators.The influencing factors of poor prognosis in S-AKI patients was analyzed according to multivariate Logistic regression.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of CTSB and NOX4 on the poor prognosis of S-AKI pa-tients.Results Th e serum levels of CTSB,NOX4 and serum creatinine(SCr)in S-AKI group were signifi-cantly higher than those in non-S-AKI group(P＜0.05),while the mean arterial pressure and oxygenation in-dex were lower than those in non-S-AKI group(P＜0.05).Serum levels of CTSB and NOX4 in patients with sepsis were positively correlated with SCr(P＜0.05).Compared to non-poor prognosis group,the age,SCr,CTSB and NOX4 of patients in the poor prognosis group were higher,while the mean arterial pressure and ox-ygenation index were lower(P＜0.05).The increased mean arterial pressure and oxygenation index were pro-tective factors for poor prognosis in S-AKI patients(P＜0.05),and the increased age,SCr,CTSB and NOX4 levels were risk factors for poor prognosis in S-AKI patients(P＜0.05).ROC curve showed that the area un-der the curve(AUC)of CTSB combined with NOX4 was significantly higher than AUC of single detection of CTSB and NOX4(Z=4.066,P＜0.001,Z=3.801,P＜0.001).Conclusion The serum levels of CTSB and NOX4 in S-AKI patients are elevated,and can indirectly reflect kidney function.CTSB combined with NOX4 can significantly improve the prediction efficiency of poor prognosis in S-AKI patients,which has potential ap-plication value for clinical treatment and nursing.

Objective:To investigate the effects of dual vascularized tissue-engineered bone constructed by vascular bundles and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on repair of large bone defects and vascular regeneration.Methods:EPCs were seeded on the demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds and cultured for 6 days. The attachment and morphology of EPCs on DBM scaffolds were observed by electron microscopy. Next, the radial artery was implanted into a vascular groove opened inside the DBM-EPCs composite scaffolds. Finally, models of a large segmental bone defect were constructed using the radii from 18 New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups using a simple random sampling method: DBM group, DBM+EPCs group, DBM+vascular bundle group, and DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group. The DBM group and DBM+EPCs group shared the same rabbits so that transplantations were conducted into the left and right forearms respectively; the DBM+vascular bundle group and DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group also shared the same rabbits so that transplantations were conducted into the left and right forearms respectively. Consequently, there were 9 experimental sites in each group. X-ray examination and gross morphological observation were performed to evaluate the bone regeneration in the experimental rabbits in each group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, and CD31 immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the vascular regeneration. Micro-CT was used to analyze bone tissue parameters and reconstruct the three-dimensional structures of the defects site at 12 weeks after surgery.Results:Compared with the DBM, DBM+EPCs and DBM+vascular bundle groups, the DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group showed new bone tissue crawling on the scaffold surface at 4 weeks after surgery, almost complete healing of the bone defect area at 8 weeks, and forming of a complete and dense bone bridge and appearance of a bone marrow cavity at 12 weeks. Micro-CT data at 12 weeks after surgery showed regular arrangement of the trabeculae, significantly improved mineralization, and increased thickness of the bone cortex in the DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group. Additionally, in the DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group, the number of microvessels was significantly higher than that in the other groups at 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery ( P<0.05), and the angiogenesis and bone tissue regeneration were particularly prominent at 12 weeks after surgery. The number of CD31 cells in the DBM+EPCs+vascular bundle group increased significantly more than that in the DBM, DBM+EPCs and DBM+vascular bundle groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:As the dual vascularized tissue-engineered bone constructed by vascular bundles and EPCs can significantly promote bone tissue regeneration and angiogenesis, it may be a potential therapeutic strategy for repair of large bone defects.

Infections associated with orthopaedic implants are currently one of the major concerns of orthopaedic surgeons. Metallic antimicrobial nanocoatings have demonstrated great potential in preventing implant infections due to their excellent antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility. However, there are potential risks associated with these metal nanoparticles, such as cytotoxicity of silver and copper, and rapid dissolution of zinc and magnesium which affects implant stability. Therefore, the clinical application of nanometallic coatings still faces challenges in how to better enhance biosafety, regulate degradation rate, and enhance osseointegration. This paper reviews the progress and challenges in the application of antimicrobial nanometallic coatings on implants to provide a reference for related research.

Oral health is closely related to systemic health. Common chronic oral diseases, periodontitis and periapical inflammation for example, not only affect the health of oral soft and hard tissues including the alveolar bone and gums, but may also cause changes in systemic conditions such as chronic low-grade inflammation, elevated oxidative stress levels, and dysbiosis of the microbiota. These changes in systemic health can exacerbate the progression of obesity. Therefore, through proactive oral health interventions such as maintaining good oral hygiene habits, modifying dietary structures, and undergoing oral examinations, it is possible to effectively prevent and alleviate inflammatory oral diseases, and actively intervene in obesity. This article delves into the impact of inflammatory oral diseases on obesity and their underlying mechanisms, defines the concept of "oral proactive healthcare", and systematically summarizes their preventive and therapeutic effects on inflammatory oral diseases, thereby demonstrating the potential of improving obesity through proactive oral health strategies.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of thalidomide,arsenic trioxide,dexamethasone and ascorbic acid(TADA)regimen in the treatment of early relapsed multiple myeloma(MM)patients(tumor progression within 12 months after initial treatment).Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 62 patients on TADA chemotherapy regimen and 57 patients on bortezomib,lenalidomide,dexamethasone(velcade,revlimid,dexamethasone,VRD)chemotherapy regimen for multiple myeloma(MM)in early stage relapse,who visited the Department of Hematology of Yanbian University Hospital between 2008 and 2020.We collected the general data profile,follow-up data during 3 courses of treatment,and laboratory data of all patients before and after chemotherapy.The efficacy of the patients was assessed by overall response rate(ORR)and complete response rate(CRR),and the occurrence of adverse reactions was collected for statistical analysis.Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for the TADA and VRD groups under different renal function conditions,cytogenetically different risk stratification,and different ISS scenarios;the prognosis of patients on the TADA chemotherapy regimen was analyzed.Results There were no statistical differences in age,gender,immunochemical subtypes,ISS staging and high-risk FISH indicators between the two groups(P＞0.05).After chemotherapy,the haemoglobin and serum albumin of patients in the TADA group were significantly lower than those in the VRD group,whereas the percentage of blood calcium,blood β2 microglobulin,creatinine and bone marrow plasma cells were significantly higher than those in the VRD group(P＜0.05).In addition,the incidence of peripheral neuropathy was significantly lower than that in the VRD group(P＜0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in other adverse reactions(P＞0.05).Compared with those in the VRD group,the overall survival(OS)(X2=8.201,P=0.004)and progression free survival(PFS)(x2=7.568,P=0.006)survival curves were statistically significant in the TADA group.In the TADA group OS(X2=3.924,P=0.048)in patients with normal and impaired renal functionat the time of enrolment and PFS(x2=9.008,P=0.003),OS(x2=9.330,P=0.002)and PFS(x2=16.090,P＜0.001)in ISS stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ and ISS stage Ⅲ at enrolment,OS(X2=10.149,P＜0.001)in high-risk FISH and non-high-risk patients at enrolment and PFS(X2=11.286,P＜0.001)survival curve results showed statistically significant differences.Conclusion The TADA regimen has better efficacy and safety in patients with early recurrence of MM.Renal function,ISS staging and FISH stratification are important factors affecting patients'prognosis.

Objective:To explore the impact of CACNA1C rs58619945 genotype on the cortical thickness of attentional networks in patients with Bipolar 1 disorder type (BD-Ⅰ). Methods:From August 2013 and August 2019, a total of 155 BD-Ⅰ patients were recruited from the outpatient and inpatient Departments of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, along with 82 healthy controls (HC) from the community and university. Genotype for the CACNA1C rs58619945 locus was determined for all BD-I patients and HC subjects, followed by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scans to measure the cortical thickness in the alert, orienting, and executive control subnetworks. General linear models (GLMs) were used to evaluate the impact of CACNA1C rs58619945 on the cortical thickness of attentional networks. Concurrently, attentional dimension functions were assessed using repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) and Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery rapid visual information processing (CANTAB RVP) test. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Ethics No. 2023-056). Results:Compared with the HC group, the BD-Ⅰ patients had shown reduced thickness in bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral superior temporal cortex( P<0.05). A significant interaction between the CACNA1C genotype and the cortical thickness(HC vs.BD) of right prefrontal cortex, right posterior parietal cortex and right superior temporal cortex was noted( P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis has demonstrated a significant correlation between CANTAB RVP and RBANS attention indices and cortical thickness in the right prefrontal cortex, right posterior cingulate cortex( P<0.05), and right superior temporal cortex predominantly among carriers of the BD-Ⅰ G allele. Conclusion:The G allele of CACNA1C rs58619945 is associated with cortical thickness of the right prefrontal cortex, right posterior cingulate cortex, and right superior temporal cortex in BD-Ⅰ, which are part of the alerting and orienting network.

Objective:To investigate the alteration of glymphatic system based on diffusion tensor image-analysis along the perivascular space(DTI-ALPS)in bipolar disorder Ⅰ(BD-Ⅰ).Methods:A total of 44 BD-Ⅰ patients(BD-Ⅰ group) admitted to the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2012 to December 2017 were selected.In addition, totally 30 healthy controls (HC group) were recruited. The diffusion tensor image data were analyzed retrospectively, and along the perivascular space (ALPS) index was calculated. Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17), Young mania rating scale (YMRS) and global assessment function (GAF) were used to evaluate the severity of anxiety, depression, mania and social function respectively. SPSS 25.0 software was used for t-test, Z-test and chi-square test, and the differences in clinical data and DTI-ALPS index between the two groups were compared. The partial correlation test was used to analyze the correlations between DTI-ALPS index and the clinical indicators such as HAMA, HAMD-17, YMRS and GAF. Results:The DTI-ALPS indexes in left(1.69±0.17), right(1.44±0.15) and bilateral cerebral hemispheres(1.56±0.15) of BD-Ⅰ group were lower than those in HC group ((1.71±0.15), (1.46±0.13) and (1.58±0.12)), but the differences were not statistically significant ( t=-0.441, -0.545, -0.556, all P>0.05). After controlling for gender, age, years of education and course of disease, there were significant negative correlations between bilateral average DTI-ALPS index and somatic anxiety ( r=-0.334, P=0.038), as well as between right DTI-ALPS index and somatic anxiety( r=-0.349, P=0.030) in BD-Ⅰ group. Conclusion:The dysfunction of cerebral glymphatic system is not obvious in BD-Ⅰ patients, but their anxiety may be related to dysfunction cerebral glymphatic system.