Venous system diseases mainly include varicose veins and venous malformations of lower limbs and the genital system. Most of them are chronic diseases that cause serious clinical symptoms to patients and affect their health and quality of life. Sclerotherapy has become the first-line therapy for venous system diseases. However, there are problems such as incomplete fibrosis and vascular recanalization after sclerotherapy, and improper operation will cause serious adverse consequences. Therefore, exploring a safe and effective sclerotherapy strategy is essential for developing clinically successful sclerotherapy. To solve the above problems, we proposed a new sclerotherapy strategy with a dual mechanism of "vascular damage and plasmin (PLA) system inhibition." We intended to construct a novel cationic surfactant (AEO_x-TA) by reacting tranexamic acid (TA), a parent structure, with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO_x) by ester bonds. AEO_x-TA could damage vascular endothelium and initiate a coagulation cascade effect to induce thrombus. Furthermore, AEO_x-TA could be degraded by esterase and release the parent drug, TA, which could inhibit the PLA system to inhibit the degradation of thrombus and extracellular matrix and promote the process of vascular fibrosis. In addition, such surfactant-based sclerosants have foam-forming properties, and they can be blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare a highly stable foam formulation (AEO_x-TA/P), which can achieve a precise drug delivery and prolonged drug retention time, thereby improving drug efficacy and reducing the risk of ectopic embolism. Overall, the novel cationic surfactant AEO_x-TA provides a new avenue to resolve the bottleneck: surfactant sclerosants' efficiency is relatively low in the current sclerotherapy.

Objective:To explore the medication law of TCM external therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot using data mining methods.Methods:Literature on TCM external treatment for diabetic foot was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, and Chongqing VIP from the establishment of the databases to June 30, 2024. Excel 2019 software was used to conduct frequency statistics on drug frequency, properties, tastes and meridian tropism, drug efficacy, and commonly used drug pairs. Ancient and Modern Medical Cases Cloud Platform V3.5 was used for association rules, and SPSS Statistics 27.0 was used for complex network analyses.Results:A total of 425 articles were included, involving 328 prescriptions and 232 drugs. The drugs with higher frequency were Carthami Flos, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Olibanum, etc. The main tastes were pungent, bitter, and sweet; the main properties were cold and warm; the main meridians were heart, spleen, and liver meridians. The main efficacy was promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing heat, and tonifying deficiency; association rule analysis obtained 20 commonly used drug pairs; clustering analysis resulted in four core drug combinations; complex network analysis led to one core prescription.Conclusions:TCM external therapy for diabetic foot follows the guiding principles of "promoting blood circulation and unblocking collaterals, tonifying deficiency and clearing heat" with coordinated regulation of the "heart-liver-spleen meridians". The core prescription and stage-specific formulation strategies reflect a trinity diagnostic and therapeutic approach of "disease differentiation-syndrome differentiation-stage differentiation", providing valuable reference and insights for clinical prescription practices.

Objective: The study aims to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of myopia among 4 to 9 grade students in Guangdong Province in 2022, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention measures for myopia in children and adolescents. Methods: From September to October 2022, stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 29 095 of 4 to 9 grade students from Guangzhou, Jiangmen, and Meizhou in Guangdong Province for myopia screening and questionnaire surveys. The Chisquare test was applied to compare the differences between groups, and multivariable Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with myopia. Results: The myopia detection rate of 4 to 9 grade students was 61.7%, with detection rates of 51.5% for 4 to 6 grade primary school students and 71.95% for 7 to 9 grade junior high school students. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that higher myopia rates were detected among girls (OR=1.39, 95%CI=1.30-1.49), students with one (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.69-1.96) or both parents having myopia (OR=2.86, 95%CI=2.56-3.18), and indoor sedentary time >6 h(OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.17-1.39) in the 4 to 6 grade. Lower myopia rates were detected in the county (OR=0.92, 95%CI=0.86-0.99) and outdoors at recess activities (OR=0.88, 95%CI=0.81-0.95). Meanwhile, higher myopia rates were detected among girls (OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.69-1.99), students with one (OR=1.87, 95%CI=1.71-2.04) or both parents having myopia (OR=3.03, 95%CI=2.63-3.50), and indoor sedentary time >6 h/d (OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.01-1.23) in the 7 to 9 grade. Lower myopia rates were detected in the county (OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.68-0.80), outdoors at recess activities (OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.76-0.91), and outdoor activity time ≥2 h/d(OR=0.87, 95%CI=0.80-0.95)(P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of myopia among 4 to 9 grade students in Guangdong Province is relatively high. Place of recess activities, daily outdoor activity and indoor sedentary duration are associated with myopia. Therefore, targeted intervention measures should be adopted, such as appropriately increasing outdoor activity to reduce the occurrence of myopia among primary and middle school students.

Objectives:To investigate the clinical features and imaging characteristics of paralytic scoliosis secondary to spinal cord injury due to back-bend movements in dance training.Methods:The clinical and imaging data of patients with paralytic scoliosis secondary to spinal cord injury caused by back-bend move-ments in dance training who were admitted and treated surgically in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital(division of spine surgery,department of orthopedic surgery)from June 2016 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients underwent anteroposterior and lateral full spine X-ray examinations in sitting position.The ages of patients at the time of spinal cord injury,diagnosis of scoliosis and surgery were recorded.The planes of paraplegia,types of scoliosis,levels of involved segments,rotation of the apical vertebra,and pres-ence of hip dislocation were analyzed.The Cobb angle of the main curve of coronal scoliosis,pelvic obliquity angle(POA),and the angle of kyphosis were measured on anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films,and the flexibility of scoliosis was calculated.The correlation between the POA and Cobb angle of the main curve was analyzed as well.Results:A total of 19 patients were included in the study.All the patients were female aged 5-9 years(6.8±1.1 years)at the time of back-bend in dance causing spinal cord injury,6-11 years(8.6±1.3 years)at the time of diagnosis of scoliosis,and 10-26 years(13.2±3.9 years)at the time of surgery.All the patients were complete paralysis below the injury plane,which was at T10 level in 13 patients,T9 level in 2 patients,and T8 level in 4 patients.The main curve was all long C-type lumbar curvature or thoracolumbar curvature,and the number of segments involved in the main curve was 7-13(9±2),the Cobb angle was 50°-110°(74.2°±14.6°),and the flexibility of the main curve was 30％-54％(41％±10％).The apex rotation classified by Nash-Moe method fell in Ⅳ degree rotation in 12 cases,Ⅲ degree in 6 cases,and Ⅱ degree in 1 case.In sagittal plane,lumbar kyphosis was observed in 15 cases(78.9％);The local kyphosis angle was 27°-47°(34.3°±5.8°),and the lumbar lordosis angle was-47°-55°(-16.9°±34.1°);The thoracic vertebrae showed a compensated kyphosis reduction or even lordosis,with a thoracic kyphosis angle of-10°-25°(10.4°±9.1°).All the patients were complicated with hip subluxation,17(89.5％)patients among which were unilateral,and most were located on the concave side of the main curve;2(10.5％)patients were complicated with bilateral subluxation,which was more serious on the concave side of the main curve.All the patients had pelvic tilt,with a POA of 9°-39°(22.8°±8.4°).Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the POA and Cobb angle of main curve(r=0.635,P＜0.05).Conclusions:Pa-tients with paralytic scoliosis secondary to spinal cord injury due to back-bend movements in dance training present with a long C-type lumbar curve or single thoracolumbar curve,which has a large curve span,long segments involvement,severe vertebral rotation,relatively soft deformity,and short compensatory curve at the proximal end of the main curve.All the patients are combined with pelvic tilt and hip subluxation on the concave side of the main curve.Pelvic tilt is positively correlated with the severity of scoliosis.In the sagittal plane,a compensatory decrease in the thoracic kyphosis is manifested,and lumbar or thoracolumbar kyphosis is presented.

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) refers to the decrease in the number of follicles and the quality of oocytes that appear prematurely before menopause. The pathogenesis of DOR is not yet fully understood, and clinical treatment lacks efficient methods, making it an urgent problem to be solved in the field of reproductive medicine. Acupuncture and moxibustion has been gradually popularized in the world for the treatment of gynecological diseases due to its advantages such as convenient operation, good curative effect and quick effect. With the rapid development of omics technology, molecular targets related to DOR pathogenesis (proteins, nucleic acids, receptors, etc.) are gradually recognized. In this review, we plan to make a summary from the perspective of the target of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of DOR, in order to provide a reliable basis for the clinical treatment of DOR.

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) refers to the decrease in the number of follicles and the quality of oocytes that appear prematurely before menopause. The pathogenesis of DOR is not yet fully understood, and clinical treatment lacks efficient methods, making it an urgent problem to be solved in the field of reproductive medicine. Acupuncture and moxibustion has been gradually popularized in the world for the treatment of gynecological diseases due to its advantages such as convenient operation, good curative effect and quick effect. With the rapid development of omics technology, molecular targets related to DOR pathogenesis (proteins, nucleic acids, receptors, etc.) are gradually recognized. In this review, we plan to make a summary from the perspective of the target of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of DOR, in order to provide a reliable basis for the clinical treatment of DOR.

A 52-year-old male patient with small cell lung cancer developed symptoms of systemic skin redness, edema, and blisters of varying sizes in multiple parts of the body (neck, chest, and feet) 10 days after receiving chemotherapy with TC regimen (albumin paclitaxel and carboplatin) combined with serplulimab for immunotherapy. It is suspected to be toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by serplulimab. After discontinuing serplulimab and receiving symptomatic treatments such as methylprednisolone, loratadine, ebastine, and adjuvant topical mucosal protection for 10 days, the dermatitis basically subsided and the ruptured blisters were scabby. The patient switched to anlotinib and did not receive immunotherapy again.

A 52-year-old male patient with small cell lung cancer developed symptoms of systemic skin redness, edema, and blisters of varying sizes in multiple parts of the body (neck, chest, and feet) 10 days after receiving chemotherapy with TC regimen (albumin paclitaxel and carboplatin) combined with serplulimab for immunotherapy. It is suspected to be toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by serplulimab. After discontinuing serplulimab and receiving symptomatic treatments such as methylprednisolone, loratadine, ebastine, and adjuvant topical mucosal protection for 10 days, the dermatitis basically subsided and the ruptured blisters were scabby. The patient switched to anlotinib and did not receive immunotherapy again.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of acute rejection (AR) within one year after pediatric kidney transplantation (KT) and the effect of AR onset time on prognosis.Methods:From January 2011 to October 2021, a total of 112 patients aged under 18 years at the time of transplantation were selected.After excluding 6 of them with early renal non-function caused by non-rejection, 106 cases were examined.There were 63 males and 43 females with the age of 15(12, 16) years.The donors were living related (n=26) and deceased (n=80).According to the presence/absence and onset time of AR, they were assigned into three groups of AR within one year, AR after one year and non-AR.The relevant clinical data of donor/recipient, influencing factors of AR and therapeutic outcomes of AR were retrospectively compared.One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized for comparing 1-year renal function after the occurrence of AR among three groups.With graft-function loss as an end-point event of follow-up, the effects of AR within one year and AR after one year on survival rate and function of graft-kidney were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve.Results:The median follow-up period of 106 pediatric KT recipients was 35 months.During follow-ups, 19 episodes of AR occurred in 17(16.0%) patients and 89 recipients exhibited no AR episode by the end of follow-up (non-AR group).As for initial AR, 9 episodes of AR occurred within one year (AR within one year group) and 8 episodes of AR after one year (AR after one year group).After anti-rejection treatment, 8 patients (47.1%) achieved full recovery and 6 patients (35.3%) failed to completely normalize and 3 patients (17.6%) developed graft failure.Univariate analysis indicated that, as compared with non-AR group, female recipients, donors aged under 8 years and early postoperative infection with parvovirus B19 were risk factors of AR within one year ( P=0.032, P=0.039, P=0.047).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the incidence rates of AR within one year in patients with donors aged under 8 years and early postoperative parvoviral infection were 14.5%(8/55) and 30.0%(3/10) respectively.They were significantly higher than 2.0%(1/51) and 6.3%(6/96) of patients with donors aged above 8 years and those without parvoviral infection ( P=0.012, P=0.004).With graft-function loss as an end-point event of follow-up, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that 10-year kidney graft survival rate in AR within one year and AR after one year groups were 88.9% and 65.6%.Both were significantly lower than that in non-AR group (98.9%).And the inter-group differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.286, P=0.038; χ2=7.787, P=0.005).However, no significant difference existed in survival rate between AR within one year and AR after one year groups ( P=0.689).One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that estimated glomerular filtration rates at 3/6/12 months after an onset of AR in AR within one year group were (76.8±51.6), (80.6±56.6) and (85.6±40.2) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2.The values of 3/6 months were lower than (125.3±39.2) and (124.7±38.2) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 in AR after one year group.And the inter-group differences were statistically significant ( P=0.021, P=0.039).The values of 3/6/12 months were lower than (112.2±34.2), (115.3±33.2) and (117.4±30.2) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2 in non-AR group.And the inter-group differences were also statistically significant ( P=0.019, P=0.020, P=0.020). Conclusions:Female recipients, donors aged under 8 years and early postoperative infection with parvovirus B19 may elevate the risks of AR in children within one year of KT.AR within one year affects the survival rate of graft-kidney and renal function.

Objective: To understand the epidemic status and influencing factors of Mongolian children with ASD in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, so as to provide data support for formulating prevention and intervention strategies and improving the overall epidemiological investigation of ASD in Inner Mongolia. Methods: Sixteen kindergartens and primary schools were selected from Chifeng City, Ulanqab City, Tongliao City, Hulunbuir City and Xilingol League cities in Inner Mongolia by means of random cluster sampling. Firstly, 7 108 children aged 3-14 were initially screened with the Kirschner Autism Behavior Scale(CABS), and then the children with ASD positive were given the autism behavior test scale (ABC). According to the diagnostic criteria, the professionals, including chief physicians and associate chief physicians from the major of child psychiatry, diagnosed ASD with the total score of ABC scale ≥62. Univariate and Logistic regression multivariate analysis were carried out among Mongolian children to find out the influencing factors related to the occurrence of Mongolian ASD in Inner Mongolia. Results: The prevalence of Mongolian children was 0.37%. Mongolian ASD group and Mongolian normal children series in the household register, habitual twitch, hyperactivity, bite lips, families have extreme introverts, mothers age, father s cultural level, cultural degree of mother, father mother mild character, irritable, neonatal diseases, fetal gestational age distribution had statistical significance( χ 2/Z= 12.58 , 16.68, 14.93, 64.43, -3.76, -2.86, 4.57, 11.12, 12.33, 16.66, P <0.05). Conclusion Measures such as shaping a healthy growth environment, adjusting parental style, paying attention to the level of early childhood language development, and preventing neonatal diseases might lower the risk of ASD in children.