Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) refers to the decrease in the number of follicles and the quality of oocytes that appear prematurely before menopause. The pathogenesis of DOR is not yet fully understood, and clinical treatment lacks efficient methods, making it an urgent problem to be solved in the field of reproductive medicine. Acupuncture and moxibustion has been gradually popularized in the world for the treatment of gynecological diseases due to its advantages such as convenient operation, good curative effect and quick effect. With the rapid development of omics technology, molecular targets related to DOR pathogenesis (proteins, nucleic acids, receptors, etc.) are gradually recognized. In this review, we plan to make a summary from the perspective of the target of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of DOR, in order to provide a reliable basis for the clinical treatment of DOR.

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the ovary. They participate in the innate immune response and play an important role in ovarian physiological processes such as follicle formation, ovulation, luteal formation and regression, as well as in maintaining ovarian homeostasis. Macrophages can be polarized into M1/M2 type, which can respond to senescence specific signals in the ovarian aging microenvironment, participate in the ovarian aging process, and play different roles in ovarian aging. This article reviews the polarization regulation pathway of macrophages, the physiological role of macrophages in normal ovarian function, and the impact of macrophage polarization on ovarian aging.

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) refers to the decrease in the number of follicles and the quality of oocytes that appear prematurely before menopause. The pathogenesis of DOR is not yet fully understood, and clinical treatment lacks efficient methods, making it an urgent problem to be solved in the field of reproductive medicine. Acupuncture and moxibustion has been gradually popularized in the world for the treatment of gynecological diseases due to its advantages such as convenient operation, good curative effect and quick effect. With the rapid development of omics technology, molecular targets related to DOR pathogenesis (proteins, nucleic acids, receptors, etc.) are gradually recognized. In this review, we plan to make a summary from the perspective of the target of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of DOR, in order to provide a reliable basis for the clinical treatment of DOR.

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the ovary. They participate in the innate immune response and play an important role in ovarian physiological processes such as follicle formation, ovulation, luteal formation and regression, as well as in maintaining ovarian homeostasis. Macrophages can be polarized into M1/M2 type, which can respond to senescence specific signals in the ovarian aging microenvironment, participate in the ovarian aging process, and play different roles in ovarian aging. This article reviews the polarization regulation pathway of macrophages, the physiological role of macrophages in normal ovarian function, and the impact of macrophage polarization on ovarian aging.

Women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) may experience repeated implantation failure (RIF). Under the guidance of "Yu Pei Qi Sun" theory, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compounds can improve the quality of sperm and eggs of both husband and wife by anti-oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial function and reducing excessive apoptosis before IVF-ET to obtain high-quality embryos; TCM compounds can also promote angiogenesis, anti-oxidative stress, regulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor content, regulate immunity to improve female endometrial receptivity to facilitate embryo implantation; it can also invigorate the spleen and kidney after transplantation and caring for the fetus to help implantation, as well as alleviate the anxiety of patients during transplantation.

Age-related ovarian hypofunction includes a decrease in follicle quantity and quality as well as alterations in the ovarian microenvironment，the mechanisms of which are mainly related to mitochondrial dysfunction，free radical and antioxidant systems，telomere and telomerase alterations，and apoptosis，and is one of the major factors contributing to infertility in advanced maternal age （AMA）. Despite the tremendous progress in assisted reproductive technology in recent decades，few breakthroughs have been made in alleviating age-related ovarian hypofunction and improving reproductive outcomes for AMA. In recent years，there has been an increasing number of studies on the multi-level and multi-targeted mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） to improve age-related ovarian hypofunction by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis，alleviating oxidative stress，and inhibiting apoptosis，while more high-quality randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of TCM in assisted reproductive technology. Given this，this article presented a systematic review of recent research and randomized controlled trials on the mechanism of Chinese medicine active ingredients，single Chinese medicine， and Chinese medicine compounds in delaying age-related ovarian hypofunction，to clarify the current status and shortcomings of the research. This paper provides medication management of TCM for effectively alleviating age-related ovarian hypofunction and improving reproductive outcomes for AMA.

In recent years, single cell sequencing technology has developed rapidly. With the advantages of few cells needed, high throughput and high sensitivity, it has been applied to genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of human tissues and cells to facilitate the research of cell interaction and cell heterogeneity. Under the influence of the complex factors such as the change of marriage and childbirth, social and environmental factors, the incidence rate of infertility has increased year by year. How to protect human fertility has become a social hot spot. The application of single cell sequencing technology in assisted reproduction reveals the development, maturation and aging laws of germ cells more accurately, explains the law of early embryonic development, decrypts the molecular regulation research mechanism of reproductive diseases from the genetic level and epigenetic modification. This article reviewed the application progress of single cell sequencing technology in the field of reproduction, in order to provide a reference for further exploring the development track, pathological changes, genetic diagnosis and molecular regulation mechanism of human reproductive system.

In recent years, single cell sequencing technology has developed rapidly. With the advantages of few cells needed, high throughput and high sensitivity, it has been applied to genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of human tissues and cells to facilitate the research of cell interaction and cell heterogeneity. Under the influence of the complex factors such as the change of marriage and childbirth, social and environmental factors, the incidence rate of infertility has increased year by year. How to protect human fertility has become a social hot spot. The application of single cell sequencing technology in assisted reproduction reveals the development, maturation and aging laws of germ cells more accurately, explains the law of early embryonic development, decrypts the molecular regulation research mechanism of reproductive diseases from the genetic level and epigenetic modification. This article reviewed the application progress of single cell sequencing technology in the field of reproduction, in order to provide a reference for further exploring the development track, pathological changes, genetic diagnosis and molecular regulation mechanism of human reproductive system.