To investigate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment in patients with duodenal variceal bleeding, a retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients with ectopic duodenal variceal bleeding diagnosed and treated endoscopically at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, from August 2011 to December 2024. Five male patients (mean age 50.4 years) were included. Etiologies included alcohol-related cirrhosis (1 case), hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (2 cases), autoimmune disease-associated portal hypertension (1 case), and thrombophilia-related portal hypertension (1 case). Immediate hemostasis was achieved endoscopically in all cases. Two patients (1 alcohol-related and 1 hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis) exhibited persistent decline in hemoglobin levels post-procedure and received sequential interventional therapy before discharge. The remaining 3 patients recovered uneventfully. Duodenal variceal bleeding, though rare and life-threatening, can be effectively managed through multidisciplinary collaboration. Endoscopic hemostasis should be prioritized when technically feasible.

To investigate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment in patients with duodenal variceal bleeding, a retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients with ectopic duodenal variceal bleeding diagnosed and treated endoscopically at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, from August 2011 to December 2024. Five male patients (mean age 50.4 years) were included. Etiologies included alcohol-related cirrhosis (1 case), hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (2 cases), autoimmune disease-associated portal hypertension (1 case), and thrombophilia-related portal hypertension (1 case). Immediate hemostasis was achieved endoscopically in all cases. Two patients (1 alcohol-related and 1 hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis) exhibited persistent decline in hemoglobin levels post-procedure and received sequential interventional therapy before discharge. The remaining 3 patients recovered uneventfully. Duodenal variceal bleeding, though rare and life-threatening, can be effectively managed through multidisciplinary collaboration. Endoscopic hemostasis should be prioritized when technically feasible.

Non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） is a malignant tumor of the respiratory system with a high incidence. The early symptoms are not typical， and most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage， which seriously threatens the lives and health of people. Surgery， chemotherapy， and targeted therapy are the main means of treatment at present， but the consequent drug resistance and adverse reactions restrict these treatment methods with certain limitations. In recent years， with the development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in tumor resistance， TCM has attracted extensive attention for its obvious therapeutic effect and fewer adverse reactions. Numerous signaling pathways are involved in the formation and development of NSCLC， where phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway is one of the key regulatory pathways. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway affects the proliferation， invasion， and metastasis of NSCLC cells by affecting the cycle， inhibiting the apoptosis， inhibiting the autophagy of tumor cells， and promoting tumor neovascularization. As revealed by the recent literature， Chinese medicine plays an indispensable role in NSCLC cell autophagy， cell cycle， apoptosis， invasion and metastasis， neovascularization， and reversal of drug resistance by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Although some Chinese medicinal extracts or compounds have made great breakthroughs in some mechanisms of action in the treatment of NSCLC， these studies only remain at the level of in vitro cell experiments and animal studies in vivo. Researchers are faced with the great challenge of "transforming the research results of Chinese medicines into clinical applications". Based on the current research status in China and abroad， this paper reviewed Chinese medicine in the intervention in NSCLC through the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in recent years， in order to open up new ideas for NSCLC drug therapy research and also provide a useful reference for further mechanism research.

Objective To explore the effects of lung rehabilitation using Spiro-tiger training apparatus on the respiratory mechanics and airway remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in stable stage.Methods Ninety-three stable COPD patients admitted to Nanxiang Branch of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital were randomly divided into control group(46 cases)and observation group(47 cases).Control group was treated with the training for pursed lips breathing and abdominal breathing,and observation group was trained with Spiro-tiger training apparatus in addition to the treatment given to control group.Both groups were intervened continuously for 9 weeks.The two groups were compared in terms of respiratory mechanics(respiratory frequency,tidal volume,minute ventilation,and peak respiratory pressure),airway remodeling[matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)],and lung function[forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),and FEV1/FVC],blood gas analysis indexes[arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2)],6-minute walking distance(6MWD)and health status[Borg scale and St.George's respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ)].The patients were followed up for 6 months,and the incidence of acute exacerbation of COPD was recorded.Results After 9 weeks of intervention,compared with control group,observation group had lower peak respiratory frequency and respiratory pressure,and higher tidal volume(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in minute ventilation between two groups(P>0.05).The levels of MMP-9,VEGF,TGF-β1 and PaCO2 were lower,and FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC and PaO2 were higher in observation group than in control group(P<0.05).Observation group had longer 6MWD,and lower Borg score and SGRQ score as compared with control group(P<0.05).After 6-month follow-up,the incidence of COPD acute exacerbation in observation group was lower than that in control group(4.26%vs19.57%,P<0.05).Conclusion Lung rehabilitation using Spiro-tiger training apparatus can effectively improve respiratory mechanics,lung function,blood gas analysis indexes and health status in stable COPD patients,alleviate airway remodeling,and avoid acute exacerbation of COPD.

Objective To explore the learning curve of the Tianji orthopedic robot in assisting percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the consecutive 44 OVCF patients (71 fractured vertebrae) who had been treated with PKP assisted by the Tianji orthopedic robot from May 2018 to March 2019 at Department of Ortbopedics,The First Hospital of China Medical University.They were 2 men and 42 women,aged from 55 to 89 years (average,68.6 years).Their operations were performed by the same surgical team.The patients were divided into 4 even groups (n =11) according to the date of operation.The accuracy of robot-assisted puncture,total operation time,robot operation time,PKP operation time and complications were statistically analyzed and compared between the 4 groups.Natural logarithm regression analysis of total operation time,robot operation time and PKP operation time was conducted to determine the association between operation time and operation number [y =aln(x) + b,x indicating operation number and y operation time].Results The 4 groups were comparable due to insignificant differences in age,gender or operative segment between them (P ＞ 0.05).The total rate of accurate puncture was 95.8％ (68/71).The rates of accurate puncture were 92.9％ (13/14),94.4％ (17/18),94.7％ (18/19) and 100％ (20/20) for groups 1,2,3,and4,respectively,with no significant differences between groups (P ＞ 0.05).The total operation time for the 4 groups was respectively 56.6 ± 6.6 min,46.4 ± 8.5 min,40.2 ± 4.7 min and 40.4 ± 5.7 min and the robot operation time for the 4 groups was respectively 32.1 ±4.9 min,23.8 ±5.1 min,18.9 ±2.7 min and 19.6 ± 5.3 min,showing significant differences between the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05) and a significant difference between groups 1 and 2 versus groups 3 and 4 (P ＞ 0.05) but no significant difference between group 3 and 4 (P ＞ 0.05).The natural logarithm regression analysis showed that the total operation time [y =-7.2861n(x) + 66.616,R2 =0.4889,P ＜ 0.001] and robot operation time [y =-5.6621n(x) +39.763,R2 =0.5196,P ＜ 0.001] decreased significantly with the increase of operation number but became stable in groups 3 and 4.There was no significant difference in PKP operation time among the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The main intraoperative complication was leakage of bone cement in the anterior vertebral space and intervertebral space,with a total incidence of 8.5％ (6/71),showing no significant difference among the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The puncture accuracy of the Tianji orthopedic robot in assisting PKP for OVCF may not change with the increased operation number.The total operation time and robotic operation time decrease with the increased operation number.The learning curve of the Tianji orthopedic robot becomes stable very fast,indicating the surgical technique is easy to learn.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect of Kocher-Langebeck (K-L) approach without cutting the short external rotator muscles of hip for treatment of cetabular posterior column fractures.Methods A retrospective case series study was performed on 28 patients with acetabular fractures admitted from June 2015 to February 2017.There were 23 males and 5 females,averagely aged 43.6 years (range,26-71 years).According to the Letournel classification,there were 9 patients with simple fractures,14 back wall and back pillar fractures and 5 cross fractures.All patients were combined with posterior dislocation.The patients were given tibial tubercle traction after hip joint reduction in the hospital.During the surgery,K-L approach was adopted without cutting the short external rotator muscles of hip.Operation duration and intraoperative bleeding were recorded.Visual analogue score (VAS) was recorded before and after operation.The X-ray at 1 day,6 weeks,3 months and 1 year after operation were reviewed to evaluate fracture healing time.Matta criteria were used to assess the surface flatness of joint.The modified Merle d'Aubigné-Postel scoring system was applied to evaluate the function of hip joint.Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.Results The operation duration was 76-120 min (mean,94 min),and the intraoperative blood loss was 120-320 ml (mean,265 ml).All patients were followed up for average 16 months (range,10-24 months).Preoperative VAS was 5-10 points [(7.5 ± 1.3) points],and 0-3 points [(0.9 ± 0.8) points] 6 months after operation (P ＜ 0.01).All fractures healed and the average healing duration was 10.1 weeks (range,6-12 weeks).According to the Matta criteria,24 patients were graded excellent and 4 good,with excellence rate of 100％.According to the modified Merle d'Aubigné-Postel grading system,clinical results were graded excellent in 23 patients,good in 5,with excellence rate of 100％.Transient sciatic nerve injury occurred in 3 patients after surgery,and the nerve function of these patients fully recovered within 3 months after operation.There were no infection,heterotopic ossification and other complications.The wound healing was good,without liquefaction or cracking.Sciatic nerve injury was found in five patients,three of whom were performed with a transient lesion and recovered within 3 months.Conclusion In the posterior pathway surgery for acetabular posterior column fractures,the K-L approach without cutting the short external rotator muscles of hip can be used to complete the internal fixation with a high rate of fracture healing,sound reduction outcome,satisfactory functional recovery and few complications.

Objective: To analyze the clinical value of SPECT/CT in diagnosis of skull base bone invasion and clinical decision-making for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and to compare their diagnostic value with SPECT/CT, CT, MRI, and MRI combined with SPECT (MRI-SPECT) for skull base bone invasion. Methods: Before treatment, among 348 newly diagnosed NPC patients, CT scan was performed in 186 patients (group A) and the remaining 162 patients received MRI scan (group B). Clinical doctors then made clinical management decisions according to the CT or MRI results. After that, all patients underwent ⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP SPECT/CT examination for nasopharyngeal local tomography, and the results were provided to the clinical doctors to make clinical management decisions again. The changes between the two clinical management decisions were scored according to diagnosis, range of lesion, staging, treatment regimens, and auxiliary examination. The diagnostic value of CT scan, MRI scan, SPECT/CT and MRI-SPECT for skull base bone invasion was then evaluated and compared. Results: In terms of changes in scores of clinical management decisions, the score of group A was 1.387 and group B was 0.951, showing a significant difference between the two groups by Wilcoxon test (Z=6.570, P<0.001). By χ² test, there were correlations between CT and SPECT/CT (χ² =98.495, P<0.001), and between MRI and SPECT/CT (χ² =32.662, P<0.001). The consistency of CT and SPECT/CT (Kappa=0.713) was greater than MRI and SPECT (Kappa=0.449). The sensitivity of CT, MRI, SPECT/CT and MRI-SPECT was 67.1%, 84.5%, 90.8% and 100%, the specificity was 73.3%, 92.3%, 85.6% and 84.6%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.702, 0.884, 0.882 and 0.923, respectively. Conclusions SPECT/CT has important impact on clinical management decision for NPC. In the judgement of skull base invasion, the diagnostic value of SPECT/CT is significantly higher than CT and approximately equal to MRI. SPECT/CT should be one of the routine examination methods of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, in view of its greater diagnostic value, MRI combined with SPECT should be the focus of future imaging studies.

Objective:To review the research hotspots and evolution of electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by knowledge mapping software.Methods:Based on web of science core collection database,we searched the literature with keywords (EEG biofeedback OR neurofeedback) AND (ADHD OR attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) in topic and time limit set before December 31,2015.319 literature were accepted,using the CiteSpace to depict the hot keywords,cited references and countries.Results:United States of America,Germany,Netherlands were top 3 countries in publishing papers of EEG biofeedback in ADHD.Based on burst of cited references,the research evolution of EEG biofeedback in ADHD could be divided into three stages.The hotspots of EEG biofeedback in ADHD were Slow Cortical Potentials protocol and double-blind placebo-controlled study.Conclusion:Future research should focus on the mechanism of EEG biofeedback and such known protocols for individualized treatment,or be designed along the lines of learning theory.

Research on disease-syndrome combination is the main approach and method of research on integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Disease-syndrome combination embodies the complementary advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. It discusses the relationship between diseases and syndromes through an interdisciplinary approach, and explores rules of disease diagnosis and treatment based on differential diagnosis. Thanks to the development of modern life science techniques, research on disease-syndrome combination has made great achievements. This article mainly introduced the application and the development prospects of new techniques, such as data mining, system biology, epigenetics, biological network and network pharmacology in the research on disease-syndrome combination in recent years, with a purpose to provide the ideas and the methods for further research and clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo compare the diagnostic value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) and large-scale diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for evaluation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) bone marrow (BM) infiltration.

METHODSA total of 79 patients with pathologically diagnosed NHL underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, large scale DWI and BM pathological examination. BM examination as the "gold standard", the performance (the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value) of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and large scale DWI for evaluation of BM infiltration was compared and the risk of BM infiltration of different subtypes and sources of NHL was analyzed.

RESULTS25 of 79 cases were diagnosed as BM infiltration by pathological examination with 57 BM sites. Abnormal high BM metabolisms were identified in 22 cases with 56 BM sites by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and 25 cases with 58 BM sites by large-scale DWI. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were 80.0%, 96.3%, 91.1%, 90.9%, 91.2%, respectively. And they were 84.0%, 92.6%, 89.9%, 84.0%, and 92.6% by large-scale DWI, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that there was no statistical difference in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and large-scale DWI (P>0.05). The area under ROC curve for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and large-scale DWI were 0.911 and 0.883 respectively. The incidences of BM infiltration in aggressive NHL patients by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (21/69, 30.4%) and large-scale DWI (23/69, 33.3%) were higher than those (PET/CT: 10.0%; large-scale DWI: 20.0%; P>0.05) in indolent NHL patients.

CONCLUSION¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and large-scale DWI had important clinical value in diagnosing BM infiltration of NHL. A combination of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, large-scale DWI and pathological examination could improve the positive rate of BM infiltration in NHL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult