Objective The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of Naotaifang(NFT)in preventing neuronal pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).Methods Firstly,a network Meta-analysis was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of Naotaifang and dl-3-n-butylphthalide in treating ischemic stroke,and dl-3-n-butylphthalide was identified as the positive control drug in this study.Then,a rat CIRI model was established using the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)method.Sixty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into model group(Model group),low-dose Naotaifang group(NTF-L group),medium-dose Naotaifang group(NTF-M group),ahigh-dose Naotaifang group(NTF-H group),NBP group(NBP group),and a sham surgery group(Sham group)using a random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.After MCAO/R,rats received NTF(4.5 g/kg for NTF-L,9 g/kg for NTF-M,and 18 g/kg for NTF-H)or Nimodipine(60 mg/kg)or distilled water(Sham group and Model group)via gavage for seven consecutive days.Neurological function was evaluated using the Zea Longa method,infarct volume was assessed by TTC staining,and HE and Nissl staining were used to observe changes in neurons in the ischemic cortex.ELISA was used to measure serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels,and Western blot was used to detect caspase-1 and GSDMD expression in the ischemic cortex.Results Network Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in clinical efficacy,neurological function scores,and TXB2 expression between Nimodipine and NTF interventions.Animal experiments revealed that neurological scores of the Model group was significantly increased,the volume of cerebral infarction was significantly enlarged,the structure of nerve cells in the ischemic cortical area was destroyed,and the number of nerve cells and Nissl bodies was significantly reduced,and expressions of IL-1β,IL-18 inflammatory factors and caspase-1,and GSDMD focal proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The NTF-H group significantly reduced neurological function scores and cerebral infarction volume of rats in the Model group,significantly improved morphology of nerve cells and the number of Nissl body,and significantly decreased the expressions of IL-1β,IL-18 inflammatory factors,caspase-1,and GSDMD necroptosis proteins(P<0.01).There was no significant difference between the NTF-H group and the NBP group in terms of neurological scores,volume of cerebral infarction,IL-1β,IL-18 levels,and caspase-1 and GSDMD protein expression(P>0.05).Conclusion Both NTF and Nimodipine have therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke patients,with no significant difference between them,making Nimodipine a suitable positive control drug.NTF may alleviate CIRI by reducing pyroptosis through the caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of Naotaifang(NFT)in preventing neuronal pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI).Methods Firstly,a network Meta-analysis was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of Naotaifang and dl-3-n-butylphthalide in treating ischemic stroke,and dl-3-n-butylphthalide was identified as the positive control drug in this study.Then,a rat CIRI model was established using the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)method.Sixty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into model group(Model group),low-dose Naotaifang group(NTF-L group),medium-dose Naotaifang group(NTF-M group),ahigh-dose Naotaifang group(NTF-H group),NBP group(NBP group),and a sham surgery group(Sham group)using a random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.After MCAO/R,rats received NTF(4.5 g/kg for NTF-L,9 g/kg for NTF-M,and 18 g/kg for NTF-H)or Nimodipine(60 mg/kg)or distilled water(Sham group and Model group)via gavage for seven consecutive days.Neurological function was evaluated using the Zea Longa method,infarct volume was assessed by TTC staining,and HE and Nissl staining were used to observe changes in neurons in the ischemic cortex.ELISA was used to measure serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels,and Western blot was used to detect caspase-1 and GSDMD expression in the ischemic cortex.Results Network Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in clinical efficacy,neurological function scores,and TXB2 expression between Nimodipine and NTF interventions.Animal experiments revealed that neurological scores of the Model group was significantly increased,the volume of cerebral infarction was significantly enlarged,the structure of nerve cells in the ischemic cortical area was destroyed,and the number of nerve cells and Nissl bodies was significantly reduced,and expressions of IL-1β,IL-18 inflammatory factors and caspase-1,and GSDMD focal proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The NTF-H group significantly reduced neurological function scores and cerebral infarction volume of rats in the Model group,significantly improved morphology of nerve cells and the number of Nissl body,and significantly decreased the expressions of IL-1β,IL-18 inflammatory factors,caspase-1,and GSDMD necroptosis proteins(P<0.01).There was no significant difference between the NTF-H group and the NBP group in terms of neurological scores,volume of cerebral infarction,IL-1β,IL-18 levels,and caspase-1 and GSDMD protein expression(P>0.05).Conclusion Both NTF and Nimodipine have therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke patients,with no significant difference between them,making Nimodipine a suitable positive control drug.NTF may alleviate CIRI by reducing pyroptosis through the caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of neuroendoscopy-assisted small bone window craniotomy and large bone flap craniotomy for acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) evacuation in elderly patients.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 57 elderly patients with ASDH admitted to Chongqing University Fuling Hospital from November 2020 to November 2023, including 27 males and 30 females, aged 65-89 years [(75.0±7.0)years]. The preoperative Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ranged 8-15 points [11.0(11.0, 12.0)points]. Among them, 27 patients were treated with neuroendoscopy-assisted small bone window craniotomy to evacuate ASDH (small bone window group) and 30 received large bone flap craniotomy to evacuate ASDH (large bone flap group). The following parameters were compared between the two groups: surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay; residual subdural hematoma volume before surgery and at 1 day after surgery; GCS before surgery, at 1 and 3 days after surgery; good rate of Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 7 days and 6 months after surgery; and postoperative complication rate.Results:All the patients were followed up for 6 months. The surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay were 89.0(85.0, 96.0)minutes, 65.0(55.0, 85.0)ml, and 15.0(14.0, 16.0)days, respectively in the small bone window group, which were shorter or less than 135.0(127.5, 150.0)minutes, 332.0(308.0, 367.5)ml, and 18.5(16.0, 20.0)days in the large bone flap group ( P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the residual subdural hematoma volume between the two groups before surgery and at 1 day after surgery ( P>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in GCS scores between the two groups before surgery ( P>0.05), while the GCS scores in the small bone window group at 1 and 3 days after surgery [12.0(12.0, 13.0)points and 15.0(14.0, 15.0)points] were higher than 11.5(11.0, 12.0)points and 13.0(12.8, 14.0)points in the large bone flap group ( P<0.01). The good rate of GOS in the small bone window group at 7 days after surgery was 100% (27/27), higher than 77% (23/30) in the large bone flap group ( P<0.05), but no statistically significant difference was found in the good rate of GOS between the two groups at 6 months after surgery ( P>0.05). Two patients in the small bone window group had pulmonary infection after surgery, with a complication rate of 7% (2/27), while in the large bone flap group, four patients had pulmonary infection, two epidural hematoma, one intracranial infection, one delayed wound healing, one subcutaneous fluid accumulation, and one epilepsy after surgery, with a complication rate of 33% (10/30) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the conventional large bone flap craniotomy, neuroendoscopy-assisted small bone window craniotomy can shorten the surgical duration and length of hospital stay, reduce the intraoperative bleeding volume, promote early functional recovery, improve prognosis, and reduce the complication rate in elderly patients with ASDH.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of neuroendoscopy-assisted small bone window craniotomy and large bone flap craniotomy for acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) evacuation in elderly patients.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 57 elderly patients with ASDH admitted to Chongqing University Fuling Hospital from November 2020 to November 2023, including 27 males and 30 females, aged 65-89 years [(75.0±7.0)years]. The preoperative Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ranged 8-15 points [11.0(11.0, 12.0)points]. Among them, 27 patients were treated with neuroendoscopy-assisted small bone window craniotomy to evacuate ASDH (small bone window group) and 30 received large bone flap craniotomy to evacuate ASDH (large bone flap group). The following parameters were compared between the two groups: surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay; residual subdural hematoma volume before surgery and at 1 day after surgery; GCS before surgery, at 1 and 3 days after surgery; good rate of Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 7 days and 6 months after surgery; and postoperative complication rate.Results:All the patients were followed up for 6 months. The surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay were 89.0(85.0, 96.0)minutes, 65.0(55.0, 85.0)ml, and 15.0(14.0, 16.0)days, respectively in the small bone window group, which were shorter or less than 135.0(127.5, 150.0)minutes, 332.0(308.0, 367.5)ml, and 18.5(16.0, 20.0)days in the large bone flap group ( P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the residual subdural hematoma volume between the two groups before surgery and at 1 day after surgery ( P>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in GCS scores between the two groups before surgery ( P>0.05), while the GCS scores in the small bone window group at 1 and 3 days after surgery [12.0(12.0, 13.0)points and 15.0(14.0, 15.0)points] were higher than 11.5(11.0, 12.0)points and 13.0(12.8, 14.0)points in the large bone flap group ( P<0.01). The good rate of GOS in the small bone window group at 7 days after surgery was 100% (27/27), higher than 77% (23/30) in the large bone flap group ( P<0.05), but no statistically significant difference was found in the good rate of GOS between the two groups at 6 months after surgery ( P>0.05). Two patients in the small bone window group had pulmonary infection after surgery, with a complication rate of 7% (2/27), while in the large bone flap group, four patients had pulmonary infection, two epidural hematoma, one intracranial infection, one delayed wound healing, one subcutaneous fluid accumulation, and one epilepsy after surgery, with a complication rate of 33% (10/30) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the conventional large bone flap craniotomy, neuroendoscopy-assisted small bone window craniotomy can shorten the surgical duration and length of hospital stay, reduce the intraoperative bleeding volume, promote early functional recovery, improve prognosis, and reduce the complication rate in elderly patients with ASDH.

Objective To investigate the application value of CT perfusion imaging in patient with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods Thirty-seven patients with TBI were included retrospectively and divided into mild,moderate,and severe groups according to Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score.Perfusion parameters of the cerebral hemispheres on the injured side and the contralateral side of the level of basal ganglia were compared.After three months,the correlations between perfusion parameters and GCS score at baseline and Glasgow outcome scale-extended(GOSE)score at follow-up were further analyzed,respectively.Results The injured side of TBI patients showed hypo-perfusion compared with that of the contralateral side.The abnormal perfusion volumes of time to maximum of the residual function(Tmax)>10 s was significantly negatively correlated with GOSE score(ρ=-0.55,P=0.01),and could distinguish the good prognosis group from the poor prognosis group with GOSE score[area under the curve(AUC)=0.82,P= 0.01].In the group of patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy,the abnormal perfusion volumes of Tmax>4 s and Tmax>6 s were significantly associated with GCS score(ρ=0.61,P=0.01;ρ=0.53,P=0.03).Conclusion CT perfusion imaging may be useful in assessing the hemodynamics and severity of TBI,and in predicting the clinical prognosis.

Objective A neuroblastoma(NB)liver transplantation model was established and compared with the adrenal orthotopic transplantation model to explore its characteristics.Methods 5× 105 SK-N-SH cells were implanted along the long axis of the left lobe of mouse livers with a micro-injection needle.The growth,metastasis,expression of related genes,and histopathological changes of tumors were detected after the modeling.Results The tumor formation rate in mice inoculated with tumor cells reached 100％after 21 days,and tumor growth,metastasis,related gene expression changes,and pathological characteristics were apparent.Conclusions In this study,a neuroblastoma liver transplantation model was successfully constructed via a relatively simple surgical method to provide a more suitable choice for future scientific NB experiments.

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is primarily used to treat small size renal cell carcinoma (RCC), aiming to minimize the impact on kidney function. Although the recurrence rate post-PN is low, vigilance in diagnosing recurrence is crucial to differentiate it from inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) and therefore prevent unnecessary interventions. In the case of a 56-year-old female patient who underwent PN for RCC of the right kidney, a mass was identified in the original surgical site over a year later, raising concerns of local recurrence based on imaging findings. However, when the patient declined puncture biopsy, a Radical Nephrectomy (RN) was performed instead. Subsequent pathology results revealed the presence of IPT, not tumor recurrence. This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive analysis of imaging features to accurately diagnose postoperative recurrence following PN. Where uncertainty persists, puncture biopsy should be considered to provide a definitive diagnosis. Moreover, emphasizing ongoing training in PN techniques and adherence to established protocols is essential to minimize the likelihood of complications such as trauma and infection, thereby reducing the occurrence of both postoperative PN recurrence and IPT.

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone

Objective : To explore the role of Argonaute ( Ago) gene and RNA⁃Dependent RNA Polymerase (RDRP) gene of Aspergillus flavus in the growth and development about the RNAi mechanism . Methods : A. flavus Ago1 , Ago2 , RDRP1 , RDRP3 gene mutant strains were constructed by homologous recombination . The growth and development of the mutant strains were observed on potato dextrose agar(PDA) + uracil uridine (UU) medium inoculated with 3 μl 106 CFU/mL spores . 200 , 400 μg cell wall pressure agent conidored ( CR) , 0. 8 mol/L , 1 . 6 mol/L osmotic pressure agent NaCl , 2 mmol/L , 4 mmol/L oxidative pressure agent hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and 0. 01% , 0. 02% genomic damage agent methyl mesylate (MMS) were added to the Yeast extract Glucose Minimum (YGM) + UU medium to analyze the stress response of the mutant strains . Results : A. flavus mutant strains about ΔAgo1 , ΔAgo2 , ΔRDRP1 , ΔRDRP3 were successfully constructed and its growth and development were normal . The ΔAgo1 and ΔAgo2 strains reduced the stress effects on cell wall and osmotic pressure compared to the control . Ago1 gene deletion reduced the effect of H2 O2 , and conversely RDRP3 gene deletion increased the inhibition of H2 O2 . The Ago2 and RDRP1 strains reduced the effect on genetic damage agent . In addition , ΔRDRP1 increased the effect of osmotic stress . Conclusion The Ago1 , Ago2 , RDRP1 and RDRP3 genes of A. flavus are not in⁃ volved in the regulation of growth rate and asexual reproduction and can participate in the regulating of the host stress response to the environment .

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant solid tumors in children, ranks fourth in the incidence of pediatric tumors, and accounts for 15% of pediatric tumor deaths in children in China. Despite the development of new treatment options, the prognosis for high-risk patients is still poor. An animal model that can replicate the tumorigenesis of NB is an important tool for the prevention and treatment of NB. However, there are currently no animal models that can simulate all features of human NB. To provide a reference for the construction of animal models and treatment of NB, this article introduced several animal models of NB that have been extensively researched: the mouse, chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, and zebrafish models. At the same time, it elaborated on the species, construction methods, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and research progress in NB.