Objective To examine the causes of incision infections following lower extremity open fractures and develop a predictive model for assessing the risk.Methods A total of 104 patients with open fractures of the lower extremity,who received internal fixation from January 2022 to August 2023.According to whether there was incision infection after the operation,the patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group.The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria causing postoperative incision infections.Single-factor and multifactor Logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the factors influencing postoperative incisional infections.Subsequently,a risk prediction model for these infections was developed.The predictive capacity of this model was assessed using ROC curves.Results In the cohort of 104 patients with open fractures of the lower limb,the occurrence rate of postoperative incision infections was 19.23％.A total of 45 non-repeated pathogenic bacteria were isolated,among which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 53.33％,gram-negative bacteria 42.22％,fungi 4.44％.Gram-positive bacteria showed 100％resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and penicillin,while resistance rates for erythromycin and clindamycin exceeded 90％.Among gram-negative bacteria,resistance rates to cefazolin,sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim,levofloxacin,ampicillin/sulbactam,ciprofloxacin,and gentamicin were all above 67％.Notably,resistance rates for cefazolin,sulfamethoxazole,and trimethoprim surpassed 90％.Univariate and multifactorial logistic stepwise regression analysis highlighted that time elapsed from injury to surgery,duration of surgery,length of hospital stay,perioperative prophylactic medication,and Gustilo classification were significant risk factors for postoperative incisional infections in patients with the condition(P＜0.05).The ROC curves illustrated that the risk prediction model accurately forecasted the incidence of postoperative incisional infections in patients with open fractures of the lower extremity,with an area under the curve of 0.861(95％ CI:0.811 to 0.911),boasting a sensitivity of 90.50％and a specificity of 72.92％.Conclusion The main pathogen of wound infection after open fracture of lower extremity is Gram-negative,the time from injury to operation,operation time,hospitalization time,prophylactic medication during perioperative period and GUSTILO classification were the influencing factors of postoperative wound infection.In addition,the establishment of risk prediction model has a good prediction effect on the incidence of postoperative wound infection in patients with this disease.

Objective To examine the causes of incision infections following lower extremity open fractures and develop a predictive model for assessing the risk.Methods A total of 104 patients with open fractures of the lower extremity,who received internal fixation from January 2022 to August 2023.According to whether there was incision infection after the operation,the patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group.The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria causing postoperative incision infections.Single-factor and multifactor Logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the factors influencing postoperative incisional infections.Subsequently,a risk prediction model for these infections was developed.The predictive capacity of this model was assessed using ROC curves.Results In the cohort of 104 patients with open fractures of the lower limb,the occurrence rate of postoperative incision infections was 19.23％.A total of 45 non-repeated pathogenic bacteria were isolated,among which gram-positive bacteria accounted for 53.33％,gram-negative bacteria 42.22％,fungi 4.44％.Gram-positive bacteria showed 100％resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and penicillin,while resistance rates for erythromycin and clindamycin exceeded 90％.Among gram-negative bacteria,resistance rates to cefazolin,sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim,levofloxacin,ampicillin/sulbactam,ciprofloxacin,and gentamicin were all above 67％.Notably,resistance rates for cefazolin,sulfamethoxazole,and trimethoprim surpassed 90％.Univariate and multifactorial logistic stepwise regression analysis highlighted that time elapsed from injury to surgery,duration of surgery,length of hospital stay,perioperative prophylactic medication,and Gustilo classification were significant risk factors for postoperative incisional infections in patients with the condition(P＜0.05).The ROC curves illustrated that the risk prediction model accurately forecasted the incidence of postoperative incisional infections in patients with open fractures of the lower extremity,with an area under the curve of 0.861(95％ CI:0.811 to 0.911),boasting a sensitivity of 90.50％and a specificity of 72.92％.Conclusion The main pathogen of wound infection after open fracture of lower extremity is Gram-negative,the time from injury to operation,operation time,hospitalization time,prophylactic medication during perioperative period and GUSTILO classification were the influencing factors of postoperative wound infection.In addition,the establishment of risk prediction model has a good prediction effect on the incidence of postoperative wound infection in patients with this disease.

Objective:To investigate the effect of nourishing yin and tonifying yang method on inflammatory response and bone metabolism in patients with T2DM complicated with osteoporosis (OP).Methods:A randomized controlled trial. From January 2022 to December 2023,80 patients with T2DM and OP in our hospital were selected as the observation objects, and they were divided into two groups by random number table method, with 40 cases in each group.On the basis of conventional treatment, the control group chewed vitamin D calcium chewable tablets, and the observation group added nourishing yin and tonifying yang Chinese medicine.Both groups were treated for 6 months. TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment ;the levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 hPG and HbA1c were detected by intelligent blood glucose monitor;the levels of serum neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected by automatic blood analyzer, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated;the levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by automatic chemiluminescence analyzer, the levels of type I procollagen amino terminal propeptide (PINP), type I collagen carboxy terminal peptide β special sequence (β-CTX) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] were detected by ELISA;Bone mineral density (BMD) was detected by bone mineral density detector. The adverse reactions during treatment were observed and recorded, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate was 92.5 %(37/40) in the observation group and 75.0 % (30/40) in the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=4.50, P=0.034).After treatment, the scores of soreness and weakness of waist and knees, soreness and pain of waist and back, clear and long urine, pale tongue and white coating in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t=3.11, 3.75, 3.51, 3.74, P<0.01);the levels of serum FPG, 2 hPG and HbA1c in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t=3.11,3.20,3.39, P<0.01).The levels of serum NLR (2.63 ± 0.68 vs. 3.24 ± 0.79, t=3.70), IL-1β [(81.65 ± 8.30) ng/L vs. (89.03 ± 8.98) ng/L, t=3.82] and TNF-α [(35.14 ± 5.11) μg/L vs. (39.96 ± 5.38) μg/L, t=4.11] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of PINP [(29.83 ± 3.92) ng/L vs. (34.02 ± 4.03) ng/L, t=4.71] and β-CTX [(21.30 ± 3.95 ) ng/L vs. (25.32 ± 4.18) ng/L, t=4.42] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), the levels of 25-(OH)D3 [(42.86 ± 5.12) μg/L vs. (38.08 ± 4.55) μg/L, t=4.41] and BMD [(0.90 ± 0.18) g/cm 3vs. (0.78 ± 0.16) g/cm 3, t=3.15] were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01).During the treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions was 12.5% (5/40) in the observation group and 10.0 % (4/40) in the control group,there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.13, P=0.723). Conclusion:The method of nourishing yin and tonifying yang can effectively improve the TCM syndromes of T2DM patients with OP, reduce the levels of blood glucose and inflammatory factors, improve bone metabolism, improve clinical efficacy and have good treatment safety.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of three-dimensional(3D) printing-assisted fenestrated/branched endovascular aortic repair (F/B-TEVAR) for the treatment of endoleak after open surgery for type A aortic dissection.Methods:A multi-center retrospective case series analysis was conducted on 16 patients with anastomotic leakage following Stanford type A aortic dissection open repair, admitted to 12 medical centers between January 2019 and December 2023. All surgeries were led by the vascular surgery team from Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. The study included 12 males and 4 females, with an age of (58.1±8.2) years (range: 42 to 75 years). Preoperative patient-specific 3D-printed models or 3D parametric surface topological guides were created based on aortic CT angiography data. These models assisted intraoperative external positioning of fenestration sites, combined with stent diameter selection and inner branch techniques to complete endovascular repair. Surgical procedures, complications, and clinical outcomes were evaluated, with follow-up CT imaging to assess efficacy.Results:All patients successfully underwent surgery without conversion to open repair. One patient had distal stent migration from a prior open repair, requiring intraoperative coverage of the main stent window and conversion to an in situ fenestration procedure. The mean operative time was (332.6±111.2)minutes (range: 80 to 460 minutes). No renal failure, paraplegia, or branch artery loss occurred. Postoperative follow-up ( M(IQR)) was 18(18) months(range: 6 to 36 months), with follow-up rates of 16/16 at 6 months, 10/16 at 12 months, 8/16 at 24 months, and 2/16 at 36 months. During follow-up, endoleak occurred in 3 patients, cerebral infarction in 1 patient, and death in 1 patient. The remaining patients demonstrated stable stent positioning, patent branches, and no endoleak. Conclusion:3D technology-guided F/B-TEVAR shows favorable mid-to short-term outcomes in treating anastomotic leakage after open repair of type A aortic dissection.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of three-dimensional(3D) printing-assisted fenestrated/branched endovascular aortic repair (F/B-TEVAR) for the treatment of endoleak after open surgery for type A aortic dissection.Methods:A multi-center retrospective case series analysis was conducted on 16 patients with anastomotic leakage following Stanford type A aortic dissection open repair, admitted to 12 medical centers between January 2019 and December 2023. All surgeries were led by the vascular surgery team from Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. The study included 12 males and 4 females, with an age of (58.1±8.2) years (range: 42 to 75 years). Preoperative patient-specific 3D-printed models or 3D parametric surface topological guides were created based on aortic CT angiography data. These models assisted intraoperative external positioning of fenestration sites, combined with stent diameter selection and inner branch techniques to complete endovascular repair. Surgical procedures, complications, and clinical outcomes were evaluated, with follow-up CT imaging to assess efficacy.Results:All patients successfully underwent surgery without conversion to open repair. One patient had distal stent migration from a prior open repair, requiring intraoperative coverage of the main stent window and conversion to an in situ fenestration procedure. The mean operative time was (332.6±111.2)minutes (range: 80 to 460 minutes). No renal failure, paraplegia, or branch artery loss occurred. Postoperative follow-up ( M(IQR)) was 18(18) months(range: 6 to 36 months), with follow-up rates of 16/16 at 6 months, 10/16 at 12 months, 8/16 at 24 months, and 2/16 at 36 months. During follow-up, endoleak occurred in 3 patients, cerebral infarction in 1 patient, and death in 1 patient. The remaining patients demonstrated stable stent positioning, patent branches, and no endoleak. Conclusion:3D technology-guided F/B-TEVAR shows favorable mid-to short-term outcomes in treating anastomotic leakage after open repair of type A aortic dissection.

Background and Aims:Rupture is the most serious complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm,requiring rapid diagnosis,emergency surgery,and posing significant surgical challenges,with high mortality rates. Currently,there is very limited reporting on ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) in our country,which presents numerous difficulties for the prevention and treatment of rAAA. This study collected the data of epidemiological characteristics,treatment outcomes,and prognosis of rAAA patients from multiple centers with a large sample size,analyzing the current status and trends of rAAA surgery in China over the past decade,aiming to provide reference for clinical practice.Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 161 rAAA patients treated at five major vascular surgery centers (50 from Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School,Nanjing University;19 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University;33 from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University;31 from Qilu Hospital,Shandong University;and 28 from the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China) were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 161 patients,124 (77.02％) were male and 37 (22.98％) were female,with an average age of 68.27 years. The median age at diagnosis was 70 years for males and 71 years for females. The overall mean aneurysm diameter was 7.11 cm,with males at 7.72 cm and females at 6.82 cm,showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The main comorbidities were hypertension and coronary artery disease. Over 80％ of patients presented with abdominal pain as the initial symptom,while 15％ presented with low back pain,and 8 patients sought medical attention for dizziness or visual disturbances. Among the 161 patients,86 underwent open surgical repair (OSR),and 75 received endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). The proportion of EVAR has increased annually,reaching nearly 70％ in the past five years,and up to 90％ in patients aged over 70 years. All OSR procedures were performed under general anesthesia,while 20 EVAR cases used local anesthesia and 55 used general anesthesia. Compared to the OSR group,the EVAR group showed significant differences in operative time (231.77 min vs. 162.49 min),intraoperative blood transfusion volume (1578.56 mL vs. 843.87 mL),length of hospital stay (21.21 d vs. 15.34 d),ICU stay duration (8.28 d vs. 5.49 d),and hospitalization costs (108500 CNY vs. 132800 CNY) (all P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the EVAR and OSR groups in total complications or perioperative mortality rates (both P>0.05). The main causes of perioperative death included respiratory and circulatory failure,acute myocardial infarction,and severe infections. Postoperative follow-up was effectively conducted for 92 patients,with follow-up durations ranging from 10 to 142 months. Survival analysis revealed no significant difference in survival rate between the OSR and EVAR groups (P=0.3182).Conclusion:rAAA is a rare and high-risk disease,with certain clinical differences between male and female patients. The number of EVAR procedures has increased rapidly;however,EVAR has not shown a significant advantage over OSR in improving long-term survival rates.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes between percutaneous Kirschner wire leverage plus plaster fixation and elastic intramedullary nailing in the treatment of radial neck fractures in children.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 60 children with radial neck fracture who had been treated by percutaneous Kirschner wire leverage plus plaster fixation at Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2016 to July 2023 (set as an internal fixation-free group). They were 30 males and 30 females (34 left and 26 right sides) with an age of (7.7±3.0) years. At the same time, another cohort of 60 patients were chosen as an intramedullary nailing group who had been treated by percutaneous Kirschner wire leverage plus elastic intramedullary nailing and matched in age and gender with those in the internal fixation-free group. The preoperative fracture angulation, operative time, hospitalization time, fracture angulation on the first postoperative day, fracture angulation at 1 month postoperatively, rate of angulation loss after reduction, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) at the last follow-up and complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results:There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in their preoperative general data, showing comparability ( P<0.05). The 120 pediatric patients were followed up for (7.5±3.2) months. The operative time [(27.4±15.0) min] and hospitalization time [(3.4±1.9) d] in the internal fixation-free group were significantly shorter than those in the intramedullary nailing group [(45.4±13.5) min and (4.4±1.3) d] ( P<0.05). The preoperative fracture angulation (50.8°±1.9°), fracture angulation on the first postoperative day (11.3°±1.2°), fracture angulation at 1 month postoperatively (12.1°±1.3°), rate of angulation loss after reduction (2.9%±0.5%), and MEPS at the last follow-up [(90.4±2.0) points] in the internal fixation-free group showed no significant differences from those in the intramedullary nailing group [49.5°±1.7°, 11.1°±1.2°, 13.3°±1.5°, 3.9%±1.4%, and (90.2±2.3) points] ( P>0.05). None of the patients in the internal fixation-free group developed pin-tail irritation sign or premature epiphyseal closure after surgery, whereas 3 patients in the intramedullary nailing group developed pin-tail irritation sign and 2 ones premature epiphyseal closure after surgery, showing a significant difference in the complication rate between the 2 groups [0 (0/60) versus 8.3% (5/60)] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Percutaneous Kirschner wire leverage plus plaster fixation and close elastic intramedullary nailing can both achieve satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of radial neck fractures in children. However, percutaneous Kirschner wire leverage plus plaster fixation needs shorter operative time and hospitalization time, leads to fewer complications, and requires no reoperation to remove internal fixation.

BACKGROUND:At present,open reduction and internal fixation and minimally invasive needle aspiration are commonly used in patients with Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures.However,there is little comparison between the clinical efficacy of the two methods and high-level clinical evidence is still available. OBJECTIVE:To compare the curative effect of Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures treated by three-dimensional digital model-assisted minimally invasive needle penetration and tarsal sinus incision and manual reduction and internal fixation with steel plate. METHODS:From January 2021 to October 2022,80 patients with Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics,Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Hebei Province were randomly divided into control group(40 cases)and observation group(40 cases).The control group was treated with manual reduction and internal fixation with steel plate through the traditional tarsal sinus incision,while the observation group was treated with a three-dimensional digital model assisted with minimally invasive needle penetration fixation.The operation time,blood loss,hospitalization time and fracture healing time of the two groups were recorded.The changes in Maryland score,AO-FAS score,pain visual analog scale score,quality of life score(SF-36 score),and imaging parameters(B?hler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal length,width and height)were observed before and 12 months after operation in the two groups.The complications during the follow-up were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Operation time,blood loss,hospitalization time and fracture healing time in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).(2)The Maryland score,AO-FAS score,SF-36 score,B?hler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal length and height of the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment(all P<0.05).Visual analog scale score and calcaneal width were significantly lower than those before treatment(all P<0.05).(3)After 12 months of follow-up,the incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(all P<0.05).(4)In conclusion,the treatment of Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures with three-dimensional digital model-assisted minimally invasive needle penetration fixation can significantly improve the operation time,bleeding volume and other perioperative indicators,and can reduce the occurrence of multiple complications.The recovery of ankle function,relief of pain symptoms,and improvement of quality of life are equivalent to traditional therapy.

Objective:To review the risk factors for early and medium-term complications of fenestration-branch endovascular thoracic aortic repair (F/B-TEVAR) in patients with complex aortic arch disease.Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 202 patients undergoing F/B-TEVAR treatment from Feb 2019 to Sep 2023 in these centers were retrospectively analyzed .Results:There were 46 cases suffering from postoperative complications (22.8%). The risk factors with statistical significance included aortic atherosclerotic plaque [ OR=2.843; 95% CI (1.4-5.6); P<0.01], aortic intramural thrombosis [ OR=2.358; 95% CI (1.2-4.6), P=0.011], the aortic dilatation [ OR=4.219; 95% CI (1.6-11.3), P<0.01], the history of stroke [ OR=2.088; 95% CI (1.1-4.1), P=0.032], smoking history [ OR=2.680; 95% CI: (1.3-5.5); P<0.01], duration of surgery [ OR=1.9; 95% CI: (1.2-2.9); P=0.042].While the application of 3D printing assistive technology [ OR=0.392; 95% CI: (0.2-0.9); P=0.048] was in a negative correlation with postoperative complication. Conclusions:The independent risk factors for complications after F/B-TVAR included aortic atherosclerotic plaque, aortic intramural thrombosis, the aortic dilatation, the history of stroke, smoking history,duration of surgery.The application of 3D printing technology can effectively reduce the complication rate.