Bile acids (BAs) serve not only as key facilitators of lipid absorption but also as crucial signaling molecules regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and overall energy homeostasis. Aging profoundly alters BA metabolism, characterized by shifts in biosynthetic pathways, compositional changes, disrupted receptor-mediated signaling, and alterations in gut microbiota interactions. These age-related changes contribute to the onset and progression of metabolic conditions, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. An increased abundance of hydrophobic and cytotoxic BAs has been associated with systemic inflammation, metabolic rigidity (disruption of metabolic flexibility), and organ dysfunction. Targeting BA signaling—through pharmacological modulation of farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 or microbiota-directed therapies—offers promising strategies to mitigate aging-related metabolic decline. A deeper understanding of how BA metabolism evolves over the lifespan may unveil novel interventions to promote healthy aging and prevent age-related disease.

Objective:To explore the effect of self-made Yiqi Yangyin Decoction on immune function, serum tumor markers and toxic and side effects of chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 88 patients with advanced gastric cancer who met the inclusion criteria in the hospital between December 2018 and December 2020 were divided into two groups according to the random number table method, with 44 in each group. The control group was treated with chemotherapy, and the observation group was given self-made Yiqi Yangyin Decoction on the basis of the control group. The two groups were treated for 4 consecutive cycles with 3 weeks as 1 cycle. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms were scored before and after treatment, and the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were detected by immunoturbidimetry. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) were detected by ELISA. The gastrointestinal reactions, thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia and neurotoxicity were recorded and evaluated during treatment, and the clinical efficacy was assessed.Results:The total effective rate was 81.8% (36/44) in observation group and 61.4% (27/44) in control group (χ 2=4.53, P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of stomachache and gastric distension, poor appetite, shortness of breath, and drooping spirit in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=17.28, 11.91, 5.02, 5.65, all Ps<0.001) while the levels of serum IgG [(9.39±0.46)g/L vs. (8.54±0.23) g/L, t=10.96], IgA [(1.35±0.42) g/L vs. (1.07±0.15) g/L, t=6.90] and IgM [(0.92±0.09) g/L vs. (0.78±0.10) g/L, t=4.17] were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The levels of serum CEA [(9.07±1.01) μg/L vs. (14.89±2.13) μg/L, t=16.38] and CA125 [(24.87± 4.68) kU/L vs. (30.75±5.33) kU/L, t=5.50] were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). During treatment, the toxic and side effects of gastrointestinal reactions, thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia and neurotoxicity were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group ( Z=18.52, 2.54, 3.12, 3.84, 2.34, P<0.05). Conclusion:Self-made Yiqi Yangyin Decoction can improve the TCM symptoms, enhance the immunity, reduce the levels of serum tumor markers, and relieve the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy of patients undergoing chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.

Metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) is a new type of photodynamic therapy (PDT) that has received much attention in recent years. It has a similar therapeutic mechanism to traditional PDT, i.e. the photosensitizer is irradiated by visible light irradiation with a specific wavelength, and tissue oxygen photochemical reactions produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that selectively kill rapidly proliferating tumor cells. Unlike traditional PDT, the photosensitizer and light in mPDT are continuously transmitted at a low time and at a low rate, and the specificity of tumor treatment is enhanced by apoptosis. In this paper, the current researches on the in vitro and in vivo effects and mechanisms of mPDT, as well as the research status of photosensitizers and light sources for in vivo research, were reviewed, with a view to understanding the existing mPDT technology and providing reference for the further studies. This review paper can provide a basic for promoting the clinical research and application of mPDT.

Objective To explore the effects of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) coated CdSe-CdS/ZnS quantum dots (3-MPA-QDs) on the uptake , proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and to study the biotoxicity of 3-MPA-QDs, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the development of quantum dot photosensitizers . Methods The short-term ( 6 h ) uptakes of 3-MPA-QDs and the small molecule photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in HUVEC cells were real-time observed and compared by a laser confocal scanning microscope. Besides, the uptakes within 48 h as well as the effects of the uptake on morphology and proliferation of HUVEC were also observed. The effect of 3-MPA-QDs on the migration of HUVEC cells within 24 h was observed using a grid dish. LysoTrackerTM Deep Red was used to label lysosomes, and the endocytosis mechanism of 3-MPA-QDs was observed by fluorescence co-localization. Results The fluorescence of 3-MPA-QDs in the HUVEC showed a continuous rising trend within 6 h, weakened after 24 h, and then turned weaker after 48h of the uptake, which is different from the"up-saturation"absorption pattern of PpIX. However, the fluorescence signal was still clear and bright which indicate 3-MPA-QDs were passaged into newborn cells. Migration experiments showed that the target cells carrying 3-MPA-QDs migrated 50 μm grids within 24 h, indicating the cell migration ability was not significantly affected. Co-localization results showed that 3-MPA-QDs localized in lysosomes. Conclusions The 3-MPA-QDs localized in lysosome, and they were easy to be absorbed and hard to be excreted by HUVEC. However, no obvious effects of 3-MPA-QDs were observed on cell proliferation and migration.

Objective To study the effect of infrasound on expression of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and tau pro-tein in hippocampus of rats. Methods Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control group (n=8), 1-day group (n=8), 7-day group (n=8) and 14-day group (n=32), and the 14-day group was subgrouped as 1-hour, 6-hour, 24-hour, 48-hour subgroups, naming after the time after infrasound exposure, 8 in each subgroup. All the test groups were put in an infrasound field with 8 Hz, 130 dB for 2 hours daily, while the control group was put in the infrasound instrument without infrasound exposure for 2 hours daily. The expression of pT286-CaMKII and tau protein in hippocampus was detected with immunohistochemisty, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunoabsor-bent assay. Results The expression of pT286-CaMKII was the most in 14-day group (F>14.912, P<0.001), as well as the expression of tau pro-tein (F>36.229, P<0.001), and secondary in 7-day group (P<0.05). For 14-day group, the expression of tau protein was the most in 1-hour and 6-hour subgroups, and dropped down in 24-hour subgroup, although more than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Exposure of 8 Hz, 130 dB infrasound may induce phosphorylation of CaMKII and tau protein, and the expression of tau protein in hippocampal cells in rat, which may disturb their learning and memory function.

Objective To prepare 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) hydrogel suppositories and to evaluate their photosensitizer transfer efficiencies in rectal tumor tissue.Methods The BALB/c mice implanted SW837 rectal cancer cells subcutaneously were randomly divided into four groups:intrarectal suppository administration group,cutaneous administration group,intratumoral injection group and intravenous injection group.Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to measure the concentration of protoporphyrin Ⅸ (PpⅨ) and HMME in rectal wall,skin and tumor tissue.The distribution of photosensitizer was determined by a fluorescence spectroscopy system.Results The concentration of PpⅨ in the ALA suppository administration group was 9.76 times (1 h) and 5.80 times (3 h) higher than that in the cutaneous administration group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The maximal penetration depth of ALA in tumor tissue was about 3-6 mm at 2 h after the cutaneous administration.After the HMME suppository administration,the concentration of HMME in the rectal wall was very low.The maximal penetration depth of HMME in tumor tissue was less than 2 mm after the cutaneous administration.Conclusions ALA is more likely to penetrate mucosal barrier compared to skin tissue.The hydrogel suppository based rectal administration is expected to be a new administration method for the rectal cancer photodynamic therapy using ALA.

Objective To explore the killing effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on tumor cells and to analyze the DBD-induced apoptosis mechanism.Methods Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method was used to detect the killing effect of low temperature plasma on the cytotoxicity of normal spleen leukocytes and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (LT-12) at different doses.The changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were measured after plasma treatment.The cell apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin V/PI double staining at different doses.The expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins was detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blot.Results MTT results showed that the killing effect of plasma treatment was dose-dependent and time-dependent.The cell survival rate after 8 hours of treatment decreased from 98％ to 63％ with the dose increasing from 30 s to 240 s.The survival rate decreased from 78％ (2 h) to 39％ (24 h) after the treatment with a same dose (e.g.240 s).Annexin V/PI double staining results demonstrated that the plasma effect can induce apoptosis,and the apoptosis rate was not only positively correlated with the plasma dose,but also with the post-plasma time.The longer the post-plasma time,the higher was the apoptosis rate.The apoptotic rate of the 60 s dose treatment after 12 h was 48％ that increased to 55.3％ with the dose of 120 s.The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected by flow cytometry also showed a time correlation of the plasma treatment.After the plasma treatment,the ROS level immediately increased to 1.24 times,and sharply increased to 5.39 times after 20 h post-plasma.The experimental results of qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of the genes and proteins of Caspase family and Bcl-2 family was very active at 8 to 12 h post-plasma treatment.Conclusions Low-temperature plasma can effectively kill tumor cells,and apoptosis is the main mechanism of death.The molecular mechanism of apoptosis of tumor cells induced by low temperature plasma was preliminary confirmed.

Objective To evaluate the influence of dosage,operation method,adverse reaction of endoscopic photodynamic therapy (EPDT) on its therapeutic efficacy in rabbit models of in-situ rectal cancer,so as to provide preclinical basis of photodynamic therapy for rectal cancer.Methods 20 rabbits with in-situ VX2 rectal cancer were randomly divided into control group,PDT low dose group,intermediate dose group,and high dose group.At 24 h before PDT,photosensitizer (hermimether) was intravenously injected into rabbits.630 nm semiconductor laser was used as light source.The growth of the tumor was observed by conventional endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography,and the survival time,general conditions and adverse reactions were recorded.The histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results At 7 d after PDT,the total response rates of low dose,intermediate dose and high dose group respectively were 40％ (slight),80％ (60％ remarkable and 20％ slight),100％ (20％ remarkable and 80％ slight).The average survival times of the three groups were 14 d,10 d and 5 d,respectively.The main adverse reactions were inflammation,intestinal obstruction,intestinal peristalsis loss and death.Conclusions The dosage of PDT is an important factor to influence the curative effect.The appropriate dose of PDT will have a better effect on the treatment of rectal cancer.A thorough study of these problems is helpful to the clinical application of PDT in the treatment of rectal cancer.

Objective To explore the clinical values of the modified thoracic drainage devices that were applied in treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients who underwent single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Methods Clinical data of 82 primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients who underwent single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic lung wedge resection and pleurodesis from January 1st, 2015 to August 31st, 2016 was analyzed retrospectively. These patients, according to the thoracic drainage devices, were divided into traditional group (Group A, n = 42) or modified group (Group B, n = 40). These statistical data, including duration of thoracic drainage, lengths of hospital stay, duration of using antibiotic, amounts of pleural drainage, scales of pain, and complications of the two groups of patients in postoperative stage, were compared. Results There was no significant differences (P > 0.05) in volumes of thoracic drainage while there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in duration of thoracic drainage, lengths of hospital stay, duration of using antibiotic, scales of pain, and complications in postoperative stage between the two groups. And patients in group B had shorter time of thoracic drainage, hospital stay, and using antibiotic, lower scales of pain and rates of complications when compared with group A. Conclusion There are some clinical values of application of modified thoracic drainage devices in treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax underwent single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, because of it could give the patients fast recovery and made the operations simpler.

Objective To apply Windows presentation foundation (WPF) to rapid access and report printing of medical data.Methods Data access was realized by abstracting database to form data structure through entity framework (EF) and mapping datasheet as attribute.Multipage printing was executed by using Flow Document Scroll Viewer as the container and putting contents into different paragraphs with the block element.Results EF of WPF decreased the frequency of database access by the program greatly,and the reaction speed of the program was increased significantly.Flow document could be used for data printing.Conclusion WPF enhances the efficiency of system development and the beauty of man-machine interface,and thus is worthy promoting for medical system and software development.