This paper introduces professor WU Rongzu's clinical experience in using Fuyang Tongmi Decoction （扶阳通秘汤， FTD） to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation （IBS-C）. It is believed that yang qi depletion， water cold， earth dampness， and wood constraint are the key pathogenesis.The treatment principle is warming water， drying the earth and venting wood， with the basic formula FTD adjusted according to the symptoms. This approach aims to transport the qi movement of the middle jiao （焦） and support the recovery of intestinal function of directing turbidity downward， providing a treatment strategy for IBS-C caused by yang deficiency.

This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.

This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.

Disorders of the gut flora (GF) affect the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and influence the development of the disease. Most of the acupuncture points selected for GAD are based on the principles of local acupuncture points and acupuncture points following the distant channels of the meridians, regarding Baihui (DU 20), Fengchi (GB 20), and Yintang (GV 29) as the main acupuncture points, and the acupuncture points selected for the regulation of GF are Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), and Guanyuan (RN 4) and Zusanli (ST 36). Recently, many studies have been conducted on the mechanism of action of acupuncture in the treatment of GAD from the perspective of GF, but few have investigated the theoretical of acupuncture points used to prevent and treat GAD. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of acupuncture to regulate the "microbiota-gut-brain axis" (MGBA) for the prevention and treatment of GAD, and proposes the method of "regulating the internal organs and calming the mind and relieving anxiety" through analyzing the researches on the regulation of GF and GAD.

Objective:To establish and internally validate a visualized model for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:From September 1st 2017 to August 31st 2020, 600 patients with AP diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were enrolled. According to the Atlanta classification of AP, the 600 patients were divided into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group (128 cases) and non-severe acute pancreatitis (NSAP) group (472 cases). The general clinical data (age, gender, body mass index, etc), laboratory indicators (fasting blood glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, etc.), complicated with ascites or pleural effusion, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) scores and bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score between the two groups were compared. The potential predictors of SAP were screened with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The screened predictors were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to establish the logistic regression model. The operation characteristic curves of the model, APACHE Ⅱ scores and BISAP were drawn, the discriminative capability of the model was evaluated by comparing the area under the curve (AUC). Calibration, Hosmer-Lemesshow test and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the accuracy and clinical practicability of the prediction model. Bootstrap was used for internally validation of the model. Independent sample t test, Wilcoxon test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The difference of gender composition ratio between SAP and NSAP group was statistically significant ( χ2=4.092, P<0.05). The fatality rate of SAP group was higher than that of NSAP group(21.1%, 27/128 vs. 0, 0/472); the length of hospital stay of SAP group was longer than that of NSAP group((20.33±16.21) d vs. (8.42±4.26) d); the hospitalization cost, fasting blood glucose level, urea nitrogen level, creatinine level, C-reactive protein(CRP) level, D-dimer level, fibrinogen level, white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, APACHEⅡ and BISAP scores, the incidence of complicated with pleural effusion or ascites and the constituent ratio of alcoholic etiology of SAP group were all higher than those of NASP group (44 837.58 yuan (23 017.73 yuan, 102 579.77 yuan) vs. 12 301.46 yuan (8 649.26 yuan, 18 823.88 yuan); (10.48±4.84) mmol/L vs. (8.45±4.80) mmol/L; (8.80±6.50) mmol/L vs. (4.90±2.33) mmol/L; (139.56±127.75) mmol/L vs. (80.05±38.54) mmol/L; (187.33±87.25) mg/L vs. (90.81±82.53) mg/L; 5.19 mg/L (2.96 mg/L, 8.52 mg/L) vs.1.29 mg/L (0.53 mg/L, 2.87 mg/L); 6.13 mg/L (4.64 mg/L, 7.31 mg/L) vs. 4.58 mg/L (3.50 mg/L, 5.98 mg/L); (14.87±5.82)×10 9/L vs. (11.79±4.86)×10 9/L; 0.84±0.12 vs.0.78±0.12; 13.16±7.57 vs. 8.77±7.28; 9.80±6.09 vs. 3.79±2.59; 2.12±0.89 vs. 1.04±0.78; 65.6%, 84/128 vs. 12.9%, 61/472; 70.3%, 90/128 vs. 20.3%, 96/472; 18.8%, 24/128 vs. 11.4%, 54/472); serum albumin level, blood calcium level, and hematocrit level of SAP group were all lower than those of NSAP group ((30.86±4.95) g/L vs. (37.14±5.44) g/L; (1.98±0.31) mmol/L vs. (2.16±0.20) mmol/L; (42.40±8.67)% vs.(44.30±6.45)%), and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=99.403, t=8.235, Z=-13.330, t=4.239, 10.759, 5.207 and 11.227, Z=-11.406 and -6.234, t=6.097, 4.829, 6.011, 10.899 and 12.395, χ2=152.604, 117.563 and 4.757, t=-11.788, -6.180 and -2.310, all P<0.05). LASSO regression analysis screened out four predictors of CRP, urea nitrogen, D-dimer and ascites. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CRP (odds ratio ( OR)=1.009, 95% (confidence interval) CI 1.006 to 1.012), urea nitrogen( OR=1.185, 95% CI 1.097 to 1.280), D-dimer( OR=1.166 95% CI 1.082 to 1.256), ascites ( OR= 4.848, 95% CI 2.829 to 8.307) were the independent predictors of SAP (all P<0.01). The AUC of the model (0.895 , 95% CI 0.865 to 0.926) was higher than those of the APACHE Ⅱ(AUC=0.835, 95% CI 0.791 to 0.878)and BISAP score (AUC=0.803, 95% CI 0.760 to 0.846), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.578 and 4.466, both P<0.05). The results predicted by the model in the calibration chart and the Hosmer-Lemesshow test were highly consistent with the results of actual clinical observation. When the probability of SAP in the model was 10% to 95%, the DCA curve of the model was higher than the two extreme lines, which had certain clinical practical value. After bootstrap internal validation, the model had a high discrimination ability (AUC=0.892), and its predicted AP severity curve was still in good agreement with the actual clinical AP severity curve. Conclusion:The prediction model established based on CRP, urea nitrogen, D-dimer and ascites can predict the severity of AP, and help doctors to make more scientific clinical decision.

The etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain unclear and are currently considered to be associated with genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an immunosuppressive role by secreting IL-10 and TGFβ, while T helper 17 (Th17) cells mainly promote inflammatory response, suggesting that Treg cells, Th17 cells, and the dynamic balance between them may be involved in the development and progression of AIH; however, further studies are needed to explore related participation mechanisms. This article reviews the association between Treg/Th17 cells and AIH in recent years and elaborates on their mechanism of action and therapeutic targets.

Objective:To explore the clinical features of acute pancreatitis (AP) complicated with portal vein system thrombosis (PVST) and the clinical prediction of symptomatic PVST.Methods:From January 2014 to December 2019, at First Affiliated Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 152 hospitalized patients who met the diagnostic criteria of AP complicated with PVST and had complete clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical characteristics of them were analyzed. According to whether there were clinical manifestations caused by PVST (esophago-gastric variceal bleeding, persistent ascites, intestinal ischemia), AP patients complicated with PVST were divided into symptomatic group ( n=48) and asymptomatic group ( n=104). The differences in general information, laboratory test indicators, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), Balthazar computed tomography (CT) score, local and systemic complications were compared between symptomatic group and asymptomatic group. Two independent sample t test, two sample rank sum test, and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. The binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results:The severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with PVST was common, accounted for 73.0% (111/152), and the hospital mortality rate was 14.5% (22/152). The splenic vein (46.1%, 70/152) was the most common single vessel involved. The hospital stay of the symptomatic group was longer than that of the asymptomatic group, the hospitalization costs and hospital mortality of the symptomatic group were both higher than those of the asymptomatic group ((26.31±19.38) d vs. (15.11±9.31) d, (103 463.68±15 312.74) yuan vs. (37 199.38±4 647.17) yuan, 25.0%, 12/48 vs. 9.6%, 10/104, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-3.809 and -4.141, χ2=6.280; all P<0.05). The lactic acid dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, and prothrombin time of the symptomatic group were all higher than those of the asymptomatic group (4.78 μmol·s -1·L -1, 2.96 μmol·s -1·L -1 to 7.82 μmol·s -1·L -1 vs. 4.42 μmol·s -1·L -1, 3.29 μmol·s -1·L -1 to 9.30 μmol·s -1·L -1; 69.53 mg/L, 29.49 mg/L to 147.14 mg/L vs. 40.90 mg/L, 8.88 mg/L to 104.89 mg/L; (16.88±8.23) s vs. (14.12±1.59) s), however the hematocrit and blood calcium in the symptomatic group were both lower than those of the asymptomatic group ((34.97±8.96)% vs. (39.18±7.17)%, (2.01±0.32) mmol/L vs. (2.17±0.19) mmol/L), and the differences were all statistically significant ( Z=-2.067 and -1.977, t=-2.281, 3.072 and 3.083; all P<0.05). The scores of APACHE Ⅱand Balthazar CT, the rate of local complications of pancreatic necrosis, and systemic complications including abdominal hemorrhage, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung infection and pleural effusion of the symptomatic group were higher than those of the asymptomatic group (7.21±3.84 vs. 5.27±2.31, 7.10±1.57 vs. 4.83±1.87, 87.5%, 42/48 vs. 28.8%, 30/104; 10.4%, 5/48 vs. 1.9%, 2/104; 18.8%, 9/48 vs. 1.9%, 2/104; 25.0%, 12/48 vs. 3.8%, 4/104; 91.7%, 44/48 vs. 60.6%, 63/104; 85.4%, 41/48 vs. 49.0%, 51/104; respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-3.241 and -7.331, χ2=45.320, 5.393, 13.852, 15.604, 15.323 and 18.191; all P<0.05). The results of binary logistic regression showed that Balthazar CT score was an independent risk factor for symptomatic PVST ( P<0.01), and odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.79 (1.41 to 2.29). Conclusions:Balthazar CT score is an influencing factor of symptomatic PVST in AP patients, and patients with high scores should be treated early to improve the prognosis.

Objective:To summarize the characteristics of chest CT imaging and prognosis of children with necrotizing pneumonia (NP) after flexible bronchoscopy, in order to improve the clinician′s diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods:The clinical information, imaging features of the sixty-six patients suffering from NP, who were diagnosed and treated in Qingdao Women and Children′s Hospital from September 2015 to April 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Fourty-six cases who were treated with flexible bronchoscopy alveolar lavage(treatment group) were comparative analyzed with the left 20 cases who were not treated with flexible bronchoscopy alveolar lavage(control group).Results:In treatment group, all patients appered lung consolidation at early stages, and multiple balloon chambers emerged in consolidation shadows in late period. There was no statistic difference in basic information, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and etiology between the control group and treatment group( P>0.05). The treatment group had a lower incidence of pulmonary complications and a higher lung shadow full absorption rate, which showed the statistical difference( P<0.05). Conclusion:The flexible bronchoscopy alveolar lavage plays an important role in the process of treating the children with NP, and chest CT provides reliable imaging evidence in the early diagnosis and prognosis of the NP children.

Objective: To establish a mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA) and study the bone microarchitecture and bone metabolism of tibial subchondral bone in early stage of OA. Methods: The mouse model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) with anterior cruciate ligament (ACLT) was established by using c57 mice. The Sham operation group served as the control group. All mice were fed with conventional diet. All mice were sacrificed after 4 weeks. The degeneration of knee joint was observed by HE staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining. The number of osteoclasts was counted by TRAP staining. Micro CT was used to analyze the quantitative parameters of the microstructure of tibia subchondral bone in mice. Serum levels of bone resorption biomarker CTX I and cartilage degeneration marker CTX II were determined. Results: After ACLT 4 weeks, the average score of OARSI in ACLT group was 3.2, which was higher than that in Sham group, and the joint degeneration occurred in mice, presenting the pathological characteristics of early OA. Compared with the sham operation phase, the total subchondral bone volume (TV) of ACLT group was 4.72 mm³, increased by 13.6%; the bone trabecular resolution (Tb.Sp) was 0.130 and 0.154 mm, respectively, and the ACLT group also increased by 18.8%; the bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) was 0.470 and 0.294, respectively, and the ACLT group decreased by 48.9%; the bone trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was 0.162 and 0.083 mm groups, ACLT decreased by 37.5%. Trap staining showed that the number of osteoclasts per unit volume in ACLT group was 72, which was significantly higher than that in sham operation group. The CTX I of mice in the sham operated ACLT group and sham operated group were 20.9 ng/ml and 18.29 ng/ml, with an increase of 48.9% in the ACLT group; the CTX II of mice in the ACLT group and sham operated group were 35.5 ng/ml and 28.6 ng/ml, with an increase of 24.1% in the ACLT group. Conclusion ACLT Mouse model can successfully construct early OA, which confirms the early loss of osteochondral bone and the pathological changes of osteoclast activation in OA, and provides a new specific target for the treatment of OA.