ObjectiveTo compare the differences between wild Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（WAOF） and cultivated Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus（CAOF） through a traditional quality evaluation system for medicinal materials. MethodsA total of 10 batches of WAOF and 12 batches of CAOF samples were collected from various regions of Hainan province. Relevant analytical methods from the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China were employed to observe the characteristics of WAOF and CAOF， followed by microscopic identification， thin-layer chromatography（TLC） identification， moisture content（toluene method）， total ash， acid-insoluble ash， water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts（hot dipping method）， water-soluble protein， total polysaccharides and total flavonoids（ultraviolet spectrophotometry）， and volatile oil content（method A under general rule 2204）. The contents of five active components（protocatechuic acid， chrysin， kaempferol， tectochrysin and nootkatone） were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the antioxidant activity was evaluated. Building upon traditional quality evaluation of AOF， quantitative measurements were conducted on its appearance traits including diameter， length， plumpness（diameter/length ratio）， and color. Canonical correlation analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 to explore relationships between appearance traits and intrinsic quality. ResultsNo significant differences were observed between WAOF and CAOF in microscopic observation， TLC identification， moisture content， protocatechuic acid content， kaempferol content， odor， or antioxidant activity measured by 2，2ʹ-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） method. WAOF exhibited significantly higher levels in water-soluble extracts， alcohol-soluble extracts， total polysaccharide content， water-soluble protein content， 100-grain weight， length， and total color difference（ΔE^*ab） compared to CAOF（P<0.01）. In contrast， CAOF showed significantly higher levels of total ash， acid-insoluble ash， content of total flavonoids， volatile oil content， chrysin content， tectochrysin content， nootkatone content， diameter， plumpness， lightness（L^*）， red-green chromaticity（a^*）， yellow-blue chromaticity（b^*）， and antioxidant activity measured by 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） method compared to WAOF（P<0.01）. Correlation analysis between 7 phenotypic traits and 8 quality traits revealed that among the phenotypic traits， plumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* exerted significant influence on intrinsic quality. Among the quality traits， total flavonoids， volatile oils， nootkatone， chrysin， and tectochrysin contributed substantially to intrinsic quality. ConclusionPlumpness， L^*， a^*， and b^* of AOF significantly influence its intrinsic quality， and higher values of these parameters indicate relatively superior intrinsic quality. The comprehensive quality evaluation reveals that CAOF samples collected in this study are superior to their wild counterparts.

Leakage rate is a critical metric for evaluating protective efficacy of masks.This paper reviews the cur-rent status of experimental methods and numerical simulation studies for assessing the leakage rates of masks,and reveals that leakage rates are related to multiple factors.The inward and outward leakage rates of masks are further compared and analyzed,and the importance of developing a standardized test method for outward leakage rate is em-phasized.Finally,future development direction of mask leakage rate assessment is proposed,aiming to realize the scientific and comprehensive assessment on mask leakage rate and provide guidance for formulating public health policies.

Objective In response to the clinical needs for personalized wrist orthoses,a topological optimization design method was proposed to achieve an integrated macro-and micro-structural optimization of a personalized,lightweight,and comfortable wrist orthosis.Methods A composite biomechanical finite element model of the wrist orthosis and upper limb was established to quantify the effects of the orthosis geometry on its fixation performance and comfort.A multi-condition topological optimization and microstructure design approach was employed to optimize the non-load-bearing areas of the orthosis.The orthosis was manufactured using three-dimensional(3D)-printed polyether ether ketone(PEEK),and the feasibility of the design was validated.Results While maintaining mechanical strength,the weight of the 3D-printed PEEK orthosis was reduced by 28％compared to the traditional orthoses.Both the pressure at the skin contact interface and the results of a subjective questionnaire indicated that test subjects experienced a high level of comfort wearing the orthosis.Conclusions The orthosis design achieved personalization,lightweight structure,and high comfort while ensuring mechanical strength and fixation performance.

Leakage rate is a critical metric for evaluating protective efficacy of masks.This paper reviews the cur-rent status of experimental methods and numerical simulation studies for assessing the leakage rates of masks,and reveals that leakage rates are related to multiple factors.The inward and outward leakage rates of masks are further compared and analyzed,and the importance of developing a standardized test method for outward leakage rate is em-phasized.Finally,future development direction of mask leakage rate assessment is proposed,aiming to realize the scientific and comprehensive assessment on mask leakage rate and provide guidance for formulating public health policies.

Objective In response to the clinical needs for personalized wrist orthoses,a topological optimization design method was proposed to achieve an integrated macro-and micro-structural optimization of a personalized,lightweight,and comfortable wrist orthosis.Methods A composite biomechanical finite element model of the wrist orthosis and upper limb was established to quantify the effects of the orthosis geometry on its fixation performance and comfort.A multi-condition topological optimization and microstructure design approach was employed to optimize the non-load-bearing areas of the orthosis.The orthosis was manufactured using three-dimensional(3D)-printed polyether ether ketone(PEEK),and the feasibility of the design was validated.Results While maintaining mechanical strength,the weight of the 3D-printed PEEK orthosis was reduced by 28％compared to the traditional orthoses.Both the pressure at the skin contact interface and the results of a subjective questionnaire indicated that test subjects experienced a high level of comfort wearing the orthosis.Conclusions The orthosis design achieved personalization,lightweight structure,and high comfort while ensuring mechanical strength and fixation performance.

Stereotactic radiotherapy is widely favored because of its high treatment precision and less fractionations.ZND-A is a new domestic gamma-ray cone-beam focused stereotactic radiotherapy system.Herein the technical characteristics of ZND-A system are described in detail from the aspects of the treatment frame,gamma-ray module,collimator module,six-dimensional treatment couch module and image-guided system module,and the main parameters are compared with the mainstream gamma knife equipments at home and abroad.With reference to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST 1.1),the initial efficacy of the patients treated by the ZND-A system is analyzed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the ZND-A system for providing a reference for the hospital clinical use of this type of gamma knife.

Stereotactic radiotherapy is widely favored because of its high treatment precision and less fractionations.ZND-A is a new domestic gamma-ray cone-beam focused stereotactic radiotherapy system.Herein the technical characteristics of ZND-A system are described in detail from the aspects of the treatment frame,gamma-ray module,collimator module,six-dimensional treatment couch module and image-guided system module,and the main parameters are compared with the mainstream gamma knife equipments at home and abroad.With reference to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST 1.1),the initial efficacy of the patients treated by the ZND-A system is analyzed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the ZND-A system for providing a reference for the hospital clinical use of this type of gamma knife.

Due to advances in treatment methods, the survival rate and quality of life of cancer patients have been improved. Radiation-induced vascular injury (RIVI) is a common adverse reaction following radiotherapy, mainly manifested as capillary injury and atherosclerosis in the irradiated area. Radiotherapy induces RIVI in the cerebral vessels, carotid arteries, coronary arteries, and large arteries through mechanisms such as endothelial cell injury and senescence, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. In this review research progress in the pathological features, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, prevention and treatment strategies of RIVI was summarized, aiming to provide insights for future research on RIVI.

Radiation-induced rectal injury (RRI) refers to inflammatory intestinal complications of patients with pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal tumor during or after radiotherapy, presenting symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, anal distension, bloody stool, etc. In severe cases, rectovaginal fistula, intestinal obstruction, canceration can occur, adversely affecting the quality of life of patients. The clinical factors of RRI involve total radiotherapy dose, tumor volume, radiotherapy mode and patient-related risk factors. The diagnosis mainly depends on imaging examinations (such as CT, MRI and ultrasound), endoscopy and laboratory examination. The mechanism of RRI is related to intestinal epithelial cell destruction, stem cell injury, microvascular changes and microbial flora imbalance. At present, there is no gold standard for RRI treatment, and the main measures include surgical treatment, internal medicine treatment, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and fecal microbiota transplantation, etc. In this article, the latest progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of RRI was reviewed.

Radiation-induced esophageal injury (RIEI) is a frequent complication following radiotherapy for thoracic and head-neck malignancies, which may lead to severe sequelae including esophageal stricture and perforation, adversely affecting patients' quality of life and therapeutic outcomes. With advancements in radiotherapy techniques — particularly the adoption of unconventional fractionation regimens, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and combined molecular targeted / immunotherapy — the incidence of RIEI has been increasing. In this review, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and management strategies for RIEI were comprehensively summarized. Current therapeutic approaches have evolved beyond conventional anti-inflammatory and nutritional support to include novel interventions such as targeted therapy, free radical scavengers, and microbiota modulation, etc. Future research should prioritize the development of optimized, individualized prevention and treatment protocols to mitigate RIEI risk and improve patient prognosis.