Objective: To understand the current status and related factors of oral health behavior in preschool children, so as to provide scientific basis for improving parents oral health care abilities. Methods: From March 5 to 12, 2024, using a stratified cluster sampling method, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of 1 381 preschool children aged 3-6 from 6 selected kindergartens of a district in Beijing. A structural equation model (SEM) was constructed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior framework to analyze the factors associated with preschool children s oral health behaviors. Results: The rates of parental assistance in brushing teeth, regular oral examination, and postprandial rinsing were 44.4%, 18.6% and 23.6%, respectively. Attitude, subjective norms were positively correlated with oral health behavior intention ( r =0.61, 0.55); attitude, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were positively correlated with oral health behavior ( r =0.14, 0.13, 0.16) (all P < 0.01 ). The results of the SEM showed that attitude and subjective norms had a significant direct effect on oral health behavior intention ( β = 0.42 , 0.40), and the direct effect of perceived behavioral control on oral health behavior was statistically significant ( β =0.42) (all P <0.01). Conclusions The overall level of oral health behavior among preschool children needs to be improved. Perceived behavioral control is the most direct positive related factor of oral health behavior. In the future, intervention measures should focus on perceived behavioral control as the entry point and provide systematic intervention guidance in combination with planned behavior theory.

Objective:To study the impact of fluoride exposure through drinking water on the risk of hypertension among residents in Jishan County, Shanxi Province.Methods:From March to April 2023, a cluster sampling method was used to select permanent residents aged ≥18 years and residing for ≥10 years in 12 villages in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Jishan County, Shanxi Province as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey, physical examination, and morning urinary fluoride level testing were conducted. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression were used to analyze the key influencing factors of hypertension. Restricted cubic spline was used to evaluate the linear relationship between urinary fluoride and hypertension. Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of urinary fluoride on hypertension.Results:Finally, 2 453 survey subjects were included, aged (62 ± 10) years, including 1 565 patients (63.80%) with hypertension. There were significant differences in the distribution of age, gender, education level, annual household income, body mass index (BMI), and the level and distribution of urinary fluoride between hypertension group and normal blood pressure group ( P < 0.05). The Lasso regression results showed that age, education level, BMI, and urinary fluoride were the key influencing factors of hypertension, with coefficients of 1.04, - 0.12, 0.24 and 0.01, respectively. The results of the restricted cubic spline showed that there was a linear relationship between urinary fluoride and hypertension after adjusting for age, education level, and BMI ( Poverall = 0.018, Pnonlinear = 0.482). The logistic regression results showed that after adjusting for age, education level, and BMI, urinary fluoride > 4.68 mg/L was a risk factor for hypertension ( OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.84, P = 0.007). Conclusion:High urinary fluoride is a risk factor for hypertension in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Jishan County, Shanxi Province.

Objective:To study the impact of fluoride exposure through drinking water on the risk of hypertension among residents in Jishan County, Shanxi Province.Methods:From March to April 2023, a cluster sampling method was used to select permanent residents aged ≥18 years and residing for ≥10 years in 12 villages in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Jishan County, Shanxi Province as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey, physical examination, and morning urinary fluoride level testing were conducted. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression were used to analyze the key influencing factors of hypertension. Restricted cubic spline was used to evaluate the linear relationship between urinary fluoride and hypertension. Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of urinary fluoride on hypertension.Results:Finally, 2 453 survey subjects were included, aged (62 ± 10) years, including 1 565 patients (63.80%) with hypertension. There were significant differences in the distribution of age, gender, education level, annual household income, body mass index (BMI), and the level and distribution of urinary fluoride between hypertension group and normal blood pressure group ( P < 0.05). The Lasso regression results showed that age, education level, BMI, and urinary fluoride were the key influencing factors of hypertension, with coefficients of 1.04, - 0.12, 0.24 and 0.01, respectively. The results of the restricted cubic spline showed that there was a linear relationship between urinary fluoride and hypertension after adjusting for age, education level, and BMI ( Poverall = 0.018, Pnonlinear = 0.482). The logistic regression results showed that after adjusting for age, education level, and BMI, urinary fluoride > 4.68 mg/L was a risk factor for hypertension ( OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.84, P = 0.007). Conclusion:High urinary fluoride is a risk factor for hypertension in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Jishan County, Shanxi Province.

Salivary gland tumor is one of the most common tumors in oral and maxillofacial regions.The diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland tumors had been a clinical characteristic project in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology since long time ago.Here we introduced the research pro-gress in diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland tumors during the past 10 years.Among 7 190 cases of salivary gland tumors treated in this institution,4 654 cases(64.7％)were benign,and 2 536(35.3％)were malignant,with benign:malignant ratio of 1.84∶1.Parotid was the most common loca-tion,followed by minor salivary gland and submandibular gland,while sublingular gland tumor was sel-dom seen.The proportion of minor salivary gland tumor was relatively high.Among 1 874 cases with pri-mary malignant tumors,the cases with T3 and stage Ⅲ accounted for only 9.6％and 10.3％,respec-tively,which indicated that there was shortcoming in the T classification and clinical stage formulated by Union for International Cancer Control(UICC),and further revision was required.The 5,10,and 15 year survival rates of 1 637 cases with postoperative follow-up were 93.1％,87.2％and 79.3％,respec-tively,which were much higher than those we reported 30 years ago.The improvement of treatment re-sults was related to more widely used combined treatment with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy,and the increase in patients with early stage.Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the malignant tumor with high rate of distant metastasis.The 5 and 10 year survival rates of the patients with pulmonary metastasis were 76.2％and 51.8％,respectively,which indicated that the pulmonary metastatic carcinomas developed slowly.Recurrent rate of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma was 46.7％after single treatment of sur-gery,while it decreased to 27.5％after combined theraphy with surgery and radiotherapy,indicating that postoperative radiotheraphy could reduce the recurrent rate effectively.The normal myoepithelial cells had the inhibiting role in the invasion and metastasis of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.The evaluation of integrity of myoepithelial cells surrounding the tumor mass is helpful to understand the invasiveness of the tumors.The new surgical modalities such as extracapsular resection and partial sialoadenectomy were used in treatment of benign tumors of parotid gland and submandibular gland with advantages of decreased tissue damage and preservation of glandular function.Application of digital surgical techniques such as mixed reality combined with surgical navigation and real-time three-dimensional holograms in the surgical treatment of parotid gland tumors showed the benefits of more safety and precision,and less tissue da-mage.

Background/Aims: Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is widely accepted as a radical surgery for refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). Definite results on the appropriate pouch length for an evaluation of the risk-to-benefit ratio regarding technical complications and long-term quality of life (QOL) are still scarce. Methods: Data on UC patients who underwent IPAA from 2008 to 2022 in four well-established pouch centers affiliated to China UC Pouch Center Union were collected. Results: A total of 208 patients with a median follow-up time of 6.0 years (interquartile range, 2.3 to 9.0 years) were enrolled. The median lengths of the patients’ short and long pouches were 14.0 cm (interquartile range, 14.0 to 15.0 cm) and 22.0 cm (interquartile range, 20.0 to 24.0 cm), respectively. Patients with a short J pouch configuration were less likely to achieve significantly improved long-term QOL (p=0.015) and were prone to develop late postoperative complications (p=0.042), such as increased defecation frequency (p=0.003) and pouchitis (p=0.035). A short ileal pouch was an independent risk factor for the development of late postoperative complications (odds ratio, 3.100; 95% confidence interval, 1.519 to 6.329; p=0.002) and impaired longterm QOL improvement (odds ratio, 2.221; 95% confidence interval, 1.218 to 4.050, p=0.009). Conclusions The length of the J pouch was associated with the improvement in long-term QOL and the development of late post-IPAA complications. A long J pouch configuration could be a considerable surgical option for pouch construction.

Objective: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) involves a variety of visual symptoms that are thought to be partially caused by structural abnormalities of the retina. However, the relationship between retinal structural changes, disease severity, and intracranial alterations remains unknown. We investigated distinct retinal thinning patterns and their relationship with clinical severity and intracranial alterations in a PSP cohort. Methods: We enrolled 19 patients with PSP (38 eyes) and 20 age-matched healthy controls (40 eyes). All of the participants underwent peripapillary and macular optical coherence tomography. Brain 11C-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (11C-CFT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography imaging were also performed in patients with PSP. We investigated the association between retinal thickness changes and clinical features, striatal dopamine transporter availability, and cerebral glucose metabolism. Results: The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macula were significantly thinner in patients with PSP than in controls. The thickness of the superior sector of the pRNFL demonstrated a significant negative relationship with the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III and Hoehn and Yahr staging scale scores. A significant negative correlation was found between outer inferior macular thickness and disease duration. Outer temporal macular thickness was positively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. In PSP, lower outer temporal macular thickness was also positively correlated with decreased dopamine transporter binding in the caudate. Conclusion The pRNFL and macular thinning may be candidate markers for monitoring disease severity. Additionally, macular thinning may be an in vivo indicator of nigrostriatal dopaminergic cell degeneration in PSP patients.

Oral and maxillofacial tumors are common oral and maxillofacial surgery-related diseases.Digital surgical technology,represented by virtual surgical design and surgical navigation,is the main auxiliary means of the surgical di-agnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.However,the existing digital technology still has some problems and room for improvement in terms of 3D visualization imaging and intraoperative hand-eye coordination.At present,the application of 3D visualization technology represented by mixed-reality technology has been rapidly developing in the medical field.It assists in realizing the real-time stereoscopic presentation of medical images by superimposing 3D virtual images onto the real surgical environment.Mixed-reality technology has been gradually applied to the diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Preoperatively,mixed-reality technology can be used to construct a 3D model of the tumor and its surrounding vital structures based on imaging data,at which point the medical team can per-sonalize the preoperative assessment and design the surgical plan in the mixed-reality environment.Intraoperatively,the combination of mixed-reality technology and surgical navigation technology can be used to display the 3D virtual model in real time in the actual environment of the operation area,overcoming the hand-eye coordination problem associated with using navigation technology alone and further improving the accuracy and safety of oral and maxillofacial tumor sur-gery.The combination of mixed-reality technology and internet medical technology can provide a high-quality teaching platform to promote the development of regional oral and maxillofacial surgery practices.The limitations of mixed-reality technology include image occlusion,lack of accuracy when used alone,and long alignment times.In this review,the ap-plication of mixed-reality technology to the diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors will be summarized and assessed by combining information from domestic and international literature reports with the practical clinical ex-perience of the author group.

Biliary fibrosis (BF) is the result of pathological repair of bile tract injury, characterized by thickening and sclerosis of the bile duct wall and progressive stricture of the lumen, which may ultimately lead to serious adverse outcomes such as biliary obstruction, biliary cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatobiliary malignancies. Current research describes BF as a pathological feature of certain bile tract diseases, lacking a systematic summary of its etiology, pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and treatment. BF is a common but easily neglected disease state in biliary system, which may promote the development and progression of hepatobiliary diseases through abnormal repair mechanism after pathological biliary tract injury. Based on the latest research progress from both domestic and international perspectives, the authors review the concept, clinical manifestation, etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies of BF to provide a reference for clinical physicians.

Objective To investigate the correlation between different grade glioma and MRI image texture parameters and the guiding value of texture analysis for postoperative prognosis.Methods A total of 107 glioma patients were selected,and the texture parameters of MRI images were recorded.The correlation between the grade of glioma and the texture parameters of MRI images was analyzed.The risk factors affecting postoperative adverse effects of glioma patients were analyzed,and the diagnostic efficacy of each texture parameter in predicting glioma grade and postoperative good condition was evaluated.Results Comparison of MRI image tex-ture parameters between patients with low-grade glioma and patients with high-grade glioma showed no significant differences in kur-tosis,skewness,standard deviation,contrast and uniformity,but significant differences in correlation,entropy,consistency and gap distance.Correlation,entropy,consistency and gap distance were significantly correlated with glioma grade.The diagostic efficiency of entropy in predicting glioma grade was significantly higher than that of correlation,consistency and gap distance.The combination of the four predicted glioma patients with good postoperative diagnostic efficacy was the highest.Conclusion The correlation,entropy,consistency and gap distance of MRI image texture parameters can effectively diagnose the grade of glioma,and the combination of the four parameters is more beneficial to the postoperative evaluation of glioma patients.

Objective To evaluate the intraoperative identification of ectopic parathyroid tissue in the central neck region using autofluorescence point-spectral analysis(AFPSA)combined with immune colloidal gold technique(ICGT),for guiding total parathyroidectomy(TPTX)or clean parathyroidectomy(CPTX)in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT).Methods Retrospectively collected and compared the clinical data of 64 patients with SHPT from October 2019 to June 2023.In the observation group,TPTX was performed as the initial procedure in 36 cases,followed by sampling of suspicious targets using AFPSA in the central neck area and subsequent detection through ICGT.CPTX was then conducted if a positive result was obtained.On the other hand,the control group consisted of 28 cases where only TPTX was performed without any additional tests during surgery.The surgical data,parathyroid hormone(PTH)levels,blood calcium levels,blood phosphorus levels,alkaline phosphatase(ALP)levels,regression of clinical symptoms,changes in parathyroid function and occurrence of hypocalcemia were compared between these two groups.Results In the observation group,there were 9 cases of AFPSA-ICGT positivity,including 2 left-sided cases,4 right-sided cases,and 3 thymic cases;among these posi-tive cases,there were a total of 10 locations with mildly hyperplastic or nonhyperplastic microscopic parathyroid tissue.The difference in the number of total parathyroid glands removed(including ectopic)between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).At both 3 and 6 months postoperatively,ALP levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively);at 6 months postoperatively,differences in PTH and blood phosphorus levels between the two groups were also statistically significant(P<0.05 and P<0.001 respectively).Joint bone pain and skin itching recurred in some patients within the control group at six months after surgery(P<0.05),whereas recurrence of SHPT was less frequent within the observation group compared to controls(P<0.05);however,no statistically significant differences were observed regarding postoperative hypoparathyroidism or hyperparathyroidism as well as hypocalcemia between either groups.Conclusion The AFPSA-ICGT intraoperative test can be utilized to guide surgery for SHPT,enabling accurate and efficient identification as well as safe targeting of parathyroid tissues that may not exhibit obvious hyperplasia in the central cervical region.