To evaluate the application value of the Peyton four-step teaching method in the standardized training of intestinal ultrasound and compare it with traditional teaching methods, so as to provide an optimized approach for clinical ultrasound training.

Objective To construct glucose oxidase（GOx）–loaded nanogels （GONGs）, optimize their formulation, and evaluate their capacity to inhibit the Warburg effect in glioma cells. Methods A responsive polymer （HAM） was synthesized and used to self-assemble GONGs, which were then characterized. Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were determined using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Biocompatibility was tested by measuring cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. Western blotting was used to evaluate the effects of GONGs on the expression of proteins associated with the Warburg phenotype and oxidative damage in glioma cells. Results GONGs prepared at a drug–to–polymer ratio of 1∶10 exhibited a particle size of 140.3 nm and a zeta potential of −27.2 mV. Compared with free GOx, GONGs markedly reduced cytotoxicity, increased the IC₅₀ in hUVEC cells from 2.150 nmol/L to 74.86 nmol/L, and significantly decreased hemolysis. At a GOx concentration of 2 nmol/L, GONGs effectively downregulated glycolysis-related proteins, such as HK2 and LDHA, and inhibited glutamine metabolism in glioma cells. Conclusion GONGs exhibited high GOx loading capacity, significantly reduced GOx-induced cytotoxicity, inhibited the Warburg effect in glioma cells and induced oxidative damage.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory human adenovirus(H AdV)infections in hospitalized children in Ningbo,and to provide data for formulating infection prevention and control strategies for HAdV.METHODS A total of 65 022 children hospitalized with respiratory infections at the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University from Jul.2019 to Dec.2024 were selected as the study sub-jects.Multiple reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and capillary electrophoresis were used to detect 11 non-bacterial pathogens.Basic and clinical information of the children was collected for analysis.RESULTS A total of 65 022 specimens were tested,with 4 292 cases tested positive for HAdV positivity,yielding a positive rate of 6.60％.The lowest positive rate was observed in 2023(3.22％),while the highest was in 2024(13.97％).Compared to the years 2019-2023,the overall HAdV positive rate was high in 2024,peaking at 26.80％in Jun.,indicating an outbreak.The total HAdV positive rate was higher in boys(6.82％)than in girls(6.32％)(P=0.006).The highest HAdV positive rate was observed in the 2 to＜6 age group(9.00％),while the lowest was in the 0 to＜1 age group(2.33％).Among the HAdV-positive specimens,2 658 cases(61.93％)were single infections,and 1 634 cases(38.07％)were co-infections.The non-bacterial respiratory pathogens with the highest co-infection rates were human rhinovirus(34.09％),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(20.44％)and human parainfluenza virus(5.75％).CONCLUSIONS A n outbreak of HAdV infections is observed among hospitalized children in Ningbo in 2024.Higher positive rates are found in boys aged 2 to＜6 years,with a certain proportion of co-infections.

To summarize Professor DING Ying's clinical experience in treating children's IgA nephropathy from the perspective of "wind-induced water turbidity". It is believed that the core pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy in children is the wind stimμlating water to become turbidity， and the basic treatment principles are to eliminate wind and settle viscera， and to remove turbidity and drain water. For those with the syndrome of wind-heat invading the lungs and injury to blood collaterals， modified Yinqiao Powder （银翘散） combined with Xiaoji Decoction （小蓟饮子） could be used； for those with dampness-heat in Sanjiao， heavy dampness and light heat pattern， modified Sanren Decoction （三仁汤） combined with Bazheng Powder （八正散） could be used； for those with lung-spleen qi deficiency and kidney essence depletion pattern， modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction （补中益气汤） combined with Wuzi Yanzong Pill （五子衍宗丸） could be used； for those with deficiency of both qi and yin， kidney deficiency with stasis pattern， self-prescribed Yishen Huazhuo Formula （益肾化浊方） could be used. Meanwhile on the basis of pattern identification and treatment， rattan-type herbs could be combined in use in order to unblock the meridians and collaterals.

Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy are well-established reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke,which can significantly improve clinical outcomes compared to conventional treatments.However,both strategies face the following challenges:although it is the first-line treatment,intravenous thrombolysis suffers from low recanalization rates and a narrow therapeutic time window(3-4.5 h),which limits its clinical benefit.Mechanical thrombectomy,while achieving over 80％recanalization,still results in disability or death in more than 50％of patients.Future efforts should focus on optimizing thrombolytic drugs by developing novel agents with higher fibrin specificity and safety profiles,thus expanding the population benefiting from thrombolysis.Moreover,reperfusion therapy based on the"tissue window"could be achieved with utilizing advanced imaging techniques to break the traditional time window limitation.The promotion of mobile stroke units could facilitate ultra-early reperfusion treatment.Additionally,optimization of post-thrombolysis antithrombotic strategies is essential to prevent neurological deterioration.For mechanical thrombectomy,it is crucial to enhance perioperative management and actively explore neuroprotective strategies for further improvement of outcomes.

Microbiota can be recognized by the human immune system,trigger specific immune responses,and play a significant role in the onset and progression of diseases through intricate regulatory mechanisms.The tumor microenvironment comprises the peritumoral extracellular matrix,immune cells,tumor-associated fibroblasts,and endothelial cells,among others.In this context,the tumor immune microenvironment,characterized by immune cells,significantly influences cancer progression and treatment.Notably,the tumor immune microenvironment is closely associated with the tumor microbiota.The presence of respiratory microbiota is correlated with the typing and staging of non-small cell lung cancer.This study investigated the mechanisms by which respiratory microbiota affect innate and adaptive immune cells within the tumor immune microenvironment and explored the role of respiratory microbiota in the immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer.The aim was to identify potential biomarkers that could enhance the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective To reveal the thermally induced denaturation of wild-type human γ D-crystallin(HGD)and congenital cataract-related mutant(HGD P23T),and compare the differences in the structural changes between wild-type and mutants during a heating process.Methods HGD and HGD P23T were expressed and purified.The temperature-dependent intrinsic fluorescence intensity and static light scattering intensity of the protein samples were measured to reveal the temperature-dependent folding and aggregation structural changes of HGD and HGD P23T.Results When the temperature was below 70℃,the barycentric mean of the intrinsic fluorescence of HGD and HGD P23T shifted towards a longer wavelength with increasing temperature and the fluorescence intensity de-creased indicating the unfolded protein conformations.The conformational stability of HGD P23T was weaker than that of HGD.When temperature was higher than 70℃,the static light scattering intensity increased significantly with temperature,indicating protein aggregation upon heating.Relative to the wild-type,HGD P23T showed a stronger aggregation potency.Conclusions Heating disrupts the folding conformation of Γd-crystallin,induces the unfolded protein to aggregate.The disease-associated P23T mutation significantly reduces the conformational stability of Γd-crystallin.

Objective To explore the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of high fat diet(HFD)on in-testinal barrier damage and inflammatory reaction in mice with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)induced by sodium dextran sulfate(DSS).Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups(n=6):Normal group,DSS group(1.5％DSS solution for one week),HFD+DSS group,and HFD+DSS+WY14643 group(intraperitone-ally injected daily with PPARα agonist WY14643 6 mg/kg).The body weight and liver weight of mice were measured.Colon pathology was observed by HE staining.The protein expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin was detected by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-β(IL-1β),and interleukin-17(IL-17)were determined by qRT-PCR.PPARα protein expression was determined by Western blot.Results The body weight and liver weight of mice in the HFD+DSS group were significantly higher than those in the DSS group(P＜0.001).HE staining showed normal colonic tissue structure in Normal group,while other three groups exhibited varying degrees of mucosal damage with a small amount of in-flammatory cell infiltration and epithelial cell shedding.Among these,the HFD+DSS group displayed the most se-vere intestinal mucosal damage and inflammatory infiltration.Compared with the DSS group,the HFD+DSS group showed decreased ZO-1 and Occludin protein expression(P＜0.001),elevated TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-17 mRNA levels(all P＜0.001),and downregulated PPARα protein expression(P＜0.01).Compared with the HFD+DSS group,mice in HFD+DSS+WY14643 group showed improvement in intestinal mucosal damage and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells.The protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin in colon of mice in the HFD+DSS+WY14643 was increased(all P＜0.05),while the expression of TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-17 mRNA was downregulated(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and the protein expression of PPAR α was upregulated(P＜0.05).Conclusions HFD-induced obesity aggravates intestinal mucosal damage,intestinal barrier destruction and in-flammatory response in IBS mice,and its molecular mechanism is potentially related to downregulation of PPARαexpression in intestinal tissues.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a self-developed extraoral scanning system based on photogrammetry technology, and to provide evidence for advancing the development and clinical application evaluation of domestically produced scanning devices.Methods:This research group developed a photogrammetry-based implant extraoral scanning system with customized scan bodies. Two distinct edentulous implant resin models were designed and three-dimensional (3D)-printed by Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, containing 6 (Model 1) and 8 (Model 2) abutment analogs respectively. Reference data acquisition was performed using a high-precision denture 3D scanner with scan caps mounted on the analogs. Specialized scan bodies were then mounted on the analogs for 3D positional data acquisition using both the self-developed system (experimental group) and the clinically established system (control group). Each system conducted 10 repeated scans per model. Trueness was assessed through root mean square error (RMSE), linear deviation (LD), and angular deviation (AD) relative to reference data, while precision was determined through intra-group RMSE analysis. Systematic comparisons included inter-group performance on identical models and intra-group variability across different models.Results:For Model 1, the experimental group showed statistically significant advantages over controls in intra-group RMSE [(3.10±0.71) μm vs (4.61±1.51) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(21.48±0.60) μm vs (32.50±0.63) μm, P<0.001], linear deviation [23.64 (32.35) μm vs 44.86 (55.73) μm, P<0.001], and angular deviation [0.29° (0.29°) vs 0.23° (0.33°), P<0.001]. In Model 2, significant improvements were observed in intra-group RMSE [(4.47±1.58) μm vs (6.21±2.07) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(38.84±0.86) μm vs (43.69±1.34) μm, P<0.001], and linear deviation [37.95 (50.68) μm vs 49.71 (58.89) μm, P<0.001]. Both groups exhibited model-dependent variability, with RMSE of precision and trueness of both groups, linear deviation of experimental group, angular deviation of control group showing statistically significant increases (all P<0.001) corresponding to abutment analog quantity. Conclusions:The self-developed scanning system demonstrates superior accuracy in 3D positional acquisition of abutment analogs compared to the contral group system, with implant number identified as a critical determinant of extraoral scanning accuracy.