Objective:To investigate the effects of apical periodontitis of mandibular primary molars on the development of mandibu-lar permanent premolars in children in Guangzhou.Methods:335 children aged 4-9 years with apical periodontitis of mandibular pri-molar at one side and normal healthy homologous tooth at another side were included and divided into 2 groups:Group A(n=200)in-cluded the first mandibular premolars and group B(n=135)included the second mandibular premolars.Subgroup A1 and B1 were the apical periodontitis groups,subgroup A2 and B2 were the normal healthy groups.The degree of root destruction of primary teeth,the degree of destruction and development of the dental follicle of permanent teeth,the mesial and distal direction changes,and the eruption height were observed and measured on the panoramic raidiographs,data were statistically analyzed.Results:In the 7-year-old children of A1 and the 6-year-old of B1 groups,the development degree of successor permanent teeth was lower than that of group A2 and group B2 of the same age children respectively(P＜0.05).In the 6-7-year-old children of group A1,the permanent teeth development of boys was slower than that of the girls(P＜0.05).There was no gender difference in dental follicle destruction and malposition of the perma-nent teeth in both A1 and B1 groups(P＞0.05).The proportion of malposition of the successor permanent teeth in group A1 increased with the primary teeth damage degree increace(P＜0.05),while the proportion of malposition of the successor permanent teeth in group B1 showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).Positive correlation between the damage degree of primary teeth and dental follicle of per-manent teeth was observed(rA1=0.41,rB1=0.21,P＜0.05).In boys aged 7-8 years,the succesor permanent teeth eruption in group A1 was higher than that in group A2(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between group B1 and group B2(P＞0.05).Conclusion:In the later stages of root stabilization of primary molars,periapical inflammation of primary teeth may cause developmen-tal delay of the succesor permanent teeth,and the delay degree is higher in boys than in girls.With the deterioration of the periapical tissue of primary teeth,the destruction of the dental follicle of permanent teeth may deepen,and the mandibular first premolar is more likely to have abnormal eruption.

Objective:To investigate the effects of apical periodontitis of mandibular primary molars on the development of mandibu-lar permanent premolars in children in Guangzhou.Methods:335 children aged 4-9 years with apical periodontitis of mandibular pri-molar at one side and normal healthy homologous tooth at another side were included and divided into 2 groups:Group A(n=200)in-cluded the first mandibular premolars and group B(n=135)included the second mandibular premolars.Subgroup A1 and B1 were the apical periodontitis groups,subgroup A2 and B2 were the normal healthy groups.The degree of root destruction of primary teeth,the degree of destruction and development of the dental follicle of permanent teeth,the mesial and distal direction changes,and the eruption height were observed and measured on the panoramic raidiographs,data were statistically analyzed.Results:In the 7-year-old children of A1 and the 6-year-old of B1 groups,the development degree of successor permanent teeth was lower than that of group A2 and group B2 of the same age children respectively(P＜0.05).In the 6-7-year-old children of group A1,the permanent teeth development of boys was slower than that of the girls(P＜0.05).There was no gender difference in dental follicle destruction and malposition of the perma-nent teeth in both A1 and B1 groups(P＞0.05).The proportion of malposition of the successor permanent teeth in group A1 increased with the primary teeth damage degree increace(P＜0.05),while the proportion of malposition of the successor permanent teeth in group B1 showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).Positive correlation between the damage degree of primary teeth and dental follicle of per-manent teeth was observed(rA1=0.41,rB1=0.21,P＜0.05).In boys aged 7-8 years,the succesor permanent teeth eruption in group A1 was higher than that in group A2(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between group B1 and group B2(P＞0.05).Conclusion:In the later stages of root stabilization of primary molars,periapical inflammation of primary teeth may cause developmen-tal delay of the succesor permanent teeth,and the delay degree is higher in boys than in girls.With the deterioration of the periapical tissue of primary teeth,the destruction of the dental follicle of permanent teeth may deepen,and the mandibular first premolar is more likely to have abnormal eruption.

Objective:To analyze the differences in endoscopic and pathological features in autoimmune gastritis (AIG) patients with and without Helicobacter pylori ( HP) infection, and to explore the effects of HP on the clinical manifestations and disease development in AIG patients. Methods:From January 2022 to April 2024, 174 AIG patients who visited Beijing Hospital and met the 2022 AIG diagnostic criteria established by Japanese Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society were enrolled and divided into the HP-infected group (including current and previous infection, 77 cases) and the HP-unifected group (97 cases). The general clinical data, laboratory examinations endoscopic findings, and pathological characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analyses. Results:The vitamin B 12 level of HP-infected group was higher than that of HP-unifected group ((573.81±460.77) ng/L vs. (411.86±335.00) ng/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.57, P=0.011). The average red blood cell volume of HP-infected group was lower than that of HP-unifected group ((87.30±8.86) fL vs. (98.50±49.82) fL), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.16, P=0.033). The proportion of intestinal metaplasia in gastric fundus in HP-infected group was lower than that in HP-unifected group (50.6% (39/77) vs. 73.2% (71/97)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.38, P=0.002). Conclusion:HP infection in AIG patients may delay the malabsorption of vitamin B 12 and the occurrence of intestinal metaplasia in gastric fundus.

Objective:To analyze the differences in endoscopic and pathological features in autoimmune gastritis (AIG) patients with and without Helicobacter pylori ( HP) infection, and to explore the effects of HP on the clinical manifestations and disease development in AIG patients. Methods:From January 2022 to April 2024, 174 AIG patients who visited Beijing Hospital and met the 2022 AIG diagnostic criteria established by Japanese Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society were enrolled and divided into the HP-infected group (including current and previous infection, 77 cases) and the HP-unifected group (97 cases). The general clinical data, laboratory examinations endoscopic findings, and pathological characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analyses. Results:The vitamin B 12 level of HP-infected group was higher than that of HP-unifected group ((573.81±460.77) ng/L vs. (411.86±335.00) ng/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.57, P=0.011). The average red blood cell volume of HP-infected group was lower than that of HP-unifected group ((87.30±8.86) fL vs. (98.50±49.82) fL), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.16, P=0.033). The proportion of intestinal metaplasia in gastric fundus in HP-infected group was lower than that in HP-unifected group (50.6% (39/77) vs. 73.2% (71/97)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.38, P=0.002). Conclusion:HP infection in AIG patients may delay the malabsorption of vitamin B 12 and the occurrence of intestinal metaplasia in gastric fundus.

Objective:To investigate the early clinical characteristics of elderly patients with severe burns and the risk factors on prognosis.Methods:This study was a retrospective case series study. Clinical data of 124 elderly patients with severe burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the 12 hospitals from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected, including 4 patients from the Fourth People's Hospital of Dalian, 5 patients from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 22 patients from Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, 5 patients from Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 27 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 9 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 10 patients from Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 9 patients from Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, 12 patients from the 924 th Hospital of PLA, 6 patients from Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, 4 patients from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, and 11 patients from Zhengzhou First People's Hospital. The patients' overall clinical characteristics, such as gender, age, body mass index, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, inhalation injury, causative factors, whether combined with underlying medical diseases, and admission time after injury were recorded. According to the survival outcome within 28 days after injury, the patients were divided into survival group (89 cases) and death group (35 cases). The following data of patients were compared between the two groups, including the basic data and injuries (the same as the overall clinical characteristics ahead); the coagulation indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), international normalized ratio (INR), and fibrinogen; the blood routine indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as white blood cell count, platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit; the organ function indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, urea, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin, blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, electrolyte indexes (potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in blood), uric acid, myoglobin, and brain natriuretic peptide; the infection and blood gas indexes within the first 24 hours of injury such as procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, pH value, oxygenation index, base excess, and lactate; treatment such as whether conducted with mechanical ventilation, whether conducted with continuous renal replacement therapy, whether conducted with anticoagulation therapy, whether applied with vasoactive drugs, and fluid resuscitation. The analysis was conducted to screen the independent risk factors for the mortality within 28 days after injury in elderly patients with severe burns. Results:Among 124 patients, there were 82 males and 42 females, aged 60-97 years, with body mass index of 23.44 (21.09, 25.95) kg/m 2, total burn area of 54.00% (42.00%, 75.00%) total body surface area (TBSA), and full-thickness burn area of 25.00% (10.00%, 40.00%) TBSA. The patients were mainly combined with moderate to severe inhalation injury and caused by flame burns. There were 43 cases with underlying medical diseases. The majority of patients were admitted to the hospital within 8 hours after injury. There were statistically significant differences between patients in the 2 groups in terms of age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, and inhalation injury, and PT, APTT, D-dimer, FDP, INR, white blood cell count, platelet count, urea, serum creatinine, blood glucose, blood sodium, uric acid, myoglobin, and urine volume within the first 24 hours of injury (with Z values of 2.37, 5.49, 5.26, 5.97, 2.18, 1.95, 2.68, 2.68, 2.51, 2.82, 2.14, 3.40, 5.31, 3.41, 2.35, 3.81, 2.16, and -3.82, respectively, P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences between two groups of patients in whether conducted with mechanical ventilation and whether applied with vasoactive drugs (with χ2 values of 9.44 and 28.50, respectively, P<0.05). Age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, serum creatinine within the first 24 hours of injury, and APTT within the first 24 hours of injury were the independent risk factors for the mortality within 28 days after injury in elderly patients with severe burns (with odds ratios of 1.17, 1.10, 1.10, 1.09, and 1.27, 95% confidence intervals of 1.03-1.40, 1.04-1.21, 1.05-1.19, 1.05-1.17, and 1.07-1.69, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:The elderly patients with severe burns had the injuries mainly from flame burns, often accompanied by moderate to severe inhalation injury and enhanced inflammatory response, elevated blood glucose levels, activated fibrinolysis, and impaired organ function in the early stage, which are associated with their prognosis. Age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, and serum creatinine and APTT within the first 24 hours of injury are the independent risk factors for death within 28 days after injury in this population.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between hearing loss and microvascular complications in diabetes.Methods:This cross-sectional study conducted the data from 572 patients with diabetes hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from September 2022 to July 2023. All participants underwent electrical audiometry and acoustic immittance in the ENY department. Based on the audiometric results, participants were categorized into normal hearing group and hearing loss group. Additionally, 572 non-diabetic patients from the outpatient department were enrolled as the non-diabetic group. The general information and laboratory results were collected and compared using t test, rank sum test or χ2 test. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of diabetic hearing loss with diabetic kidney disease(DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Results:Among 572 patients with diabetes, 429 suffered from hearing loss and 143 were normal. χ2 test showed significant differences in combined DKD and DPN between two groups, but not in DR. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified DKD and DPN as risk factors for hearing loss, but no correlation was found with DR. Conclusion:Diabetic patients with DKD or DPN should be monitored for potential hearing loss. Early screening and treatment are crucial to prevent severe hearing impairment.

Objective Observation of the anti-inflammatory and detumescence effects on experimental rheumatoid arthritis(RA)rabbits by moxibustion,With lentiviral vector mediated NLRP3 overexpression in RA animal models,to investigate the effect of moxibustion on anti-CCP/RF levels in synovial fluid of RA rabbit joints and its regulation mechanism of NLRP3.Methods Randomly divided thirty Japanese big-ear white rabbits into 5 groups:group of blank,group of model,group of moxibustion,NLRP3 overexpression group and NLRP3 overexpression negative group,with 6 rabbits in each group.Both joint of the model group,and the groups with moxibustion was injected into FCA(0.5 mL·kg-1),the blank group used the same method to inject sterile saline.On the 3rd day and the 10th day after treatment,10 μL of NLRP3 overexpression lentiviral vector was injected into the joint cavity of the NLRP3 overexpression group of rabbits.The rabbits in the NLRP3 overexpression negative group were injected with the same amount of LvGFP as Contrast.moxibustion bilateral"BL23","ST 36"of the groups with moxibustion(5 cones with one point in a day.6 days for 1 course,1 day for rest,3 courses of treatment in total.)After treatment,observe the circumference of each rabbit's left and right knee joints,the content of RF,anti-CCP,IL-18 in synovial fluid was detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the blank group,the left and right knee joint circumferences in the model group increased,and the anti-CCP,RF,and IL-18 contents in the synovial fluid of the knee joint increased significantly(P<0.01);compared with the modle group,The circumference of the knee joint decreased,and the content of anti-CCP,RF and IL-18 decreased significantly(P<0.01);compared with the moxibustion group,the circumference of the left and right knee joints in the NLRP3 overexpression group increased(P<0.05),the content of anti-CCP,RF and IL-18 increased(P<0.05).Conclusions Moxibustion has anti-inflammatory effects on experimental RA rabbits.Moxibustion at Shenshu(BL23)and Zusanli(ST36)can significantly reduce the level of anti-CCP,RF the immune effector,also IL-18,the in synovial fluid of RA rabbits knee joint,yet this effect can be declined significantly under NLRP3 overexpression,suggesting that moxibustion performed its anti-inflammatory regulation by suppressing abnormal immune function in experimental RA rabbits,which may be closely related to the NLRP3 expression.

Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion on the expression of Nucleotide binding oligomeric domain like receptor thermoprotein domain associated protein 3(Nod-like receptor protein 3,NLRP3)inflammasome and Cysteine aspartate protease 12(Caspase-12)in synovial tissue of experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA)rabbits,and explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of moxibustion on RA rabbits.Methods Twenty-four Japanese big-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups according to body weight and sex:the control group,the model group and the moxibustion group.The Freund's Complete Adjuvant(FCA)was injected into the joint cavities of two knee joints of rabbits at the dose of 0.5 mL·kg-1 in the model group and the moxibustion group,and the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline as control.For the moxibustion group,scar free moxibustion was operated at bilateral"BL 23"and"ST 36"acupoints,moxibustion for 3 times per acupoint per day,continuous treatment for 6 days,rest for 1 day,as a course of treatment,a total of 3 courses of treatment.The histological changes of synovium samples of rabbit knee joints were observed under light microscope,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the expression of NLRP3,Cysteine aspartate protease 1(Caspase-1),Caspase-12 in synovial tissues and Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the change of Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)content in the synovial fluid of experimental animals.Results Compared with the control group,the degree of synovial lesions(inflammatory cell infiltration,synovial tissue hyperplasia,fibrous tissue hyperplasia,macrophage hyperplasia,etc.)and pathological score were increased(P<0.05),the expression of NLRP3,Caspase-1 mRNA were increased(P<0.05),the expression of Caspase-12 mRNA was significantly downregulated(P<0.01)and the expression content of IL-1β was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01)in the model group;Compared with the model group,the synovial lesion degree and pathological score were decreased(P<0.05),the expression of NLRP3,Caspase-1 mRNA were decreased(P<0.05),the expression of Caspase-12 mRNA was significantly increased(P<0.01)and the expression of IL-1β was decreased(P<0.05)in the moxibustion group.Conclusion Moxibustion can significantly inhibit the pathological process of knee synovitis in RA rabbits;Moxibustion at"Shenshu(BL 23)"and"Zusanli(ST 36)"acupoints can significantly up-regulate the expression of Caspase-12 and then inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome,which may be one of mechanisms of moxibustion to reduce RA inflammatory response.

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of countermeasures against coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） in Shanghai from March to May 2022 in comparison with epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in New York City. MethodsDaily confirmed cases， asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers， and daily deaths were obtained in the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC） of the United States. Descriptive study was conducted by using these data. ResultsFrom March 1 to May 17， the number of daily asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in Shanghai was up to 58 times as large as that of daily confirmed cases； however， the number of daily confirmed cases in Shanghai was generally less than that in New York in the same time period. At the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic， the growth of daily attack rate in Shanghai was significantly lower than that in New York （P<0.05）. Moreover， the number of daily death was evidently less than that in New York. In addition， the vaccination rate in the elderly （aged ≥60 years） in Shanghai was evidently lower than that in New York （aged ≥65 years）. ConclusionThe COVID-19 epidemics in Shanghai from March to May 2022 and in New York after December 2021 were both caused by the Omicron variant. Compared with the Delta variant， the Omicron variant has stronger replication ability and infectivity， resulting in challenges to the containment of the epidemic in metropolis such as Shanghai and New York City. The epidemic in New York City remained crucial due to absence of effective countermeasures， while that in Shanghai has been effectively contained with strict countermeasures. The prevention and control strategies may be adjusted along with the continual evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and increasing trend of imported COVID-19 cases.