Objective: To analyze the trends of the frequency of meat, egg, and milk consumption among rural primary and junior high school students in central and western China covered by the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) from 2015 to 2023, so as to provide basis for formulating more targeted nutrition intervention policies and health education strategies. Methods: Using data from six rounds of monitoring and evaluation (2015-2021 and 2023), the study included 323 870 students from grade 3 to 9 across 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in central and western China. The consumption frequencies of meat, egg, and milk over the past week were collected via questionnaires. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze temporal trends, and multivariable Logistic regression models were employed to analyze factors associated with the frequency of meat, egg and milk consumption and to test for interaction effects between the year and gender, region, and grade level. Results: From 2015 to 2023, the proportion of students consuming meat, egg, and milk ≥1 time/day increased from 23.20 %, 10.71%, and 0.74% to 35.53%, 22.09%, and 26.63%, respectively. Trend tests indicated a significant upward trend for the daily intake of all three food categories for meat, egg and milk over the years ( Z =67.18, 64.90, 93.14, all P <0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the daily meat intake was lower in the central region than in the western region ( OR=0.77, 95%CI =0.76-0.78), whereas the daily intake of eggs ( OR=1.19, 95%CI =1.17-1.22) and milk ( OR= 1.27 , 95%CI =1.24-1.29) was higher in the central region (all P <0.05). Compared with grade 3-4 students, junior high school students had lower daily intake of meat, eggs, and milk≥1 time/day ( OR =0.95, 0.77, 0.77, all P <0.05), with a declining trend as grade increased. Girls also had lower daily intake of meat, eggs, and milk ≥1 time/day than boys ( OR =0.95，0.93，0.91, all P < 0.05). Significant interactions were observed between year and region, as well as between year and grade (all P <0.05). Conclusion From 2015 to 2023, the NIPRCES improved the intake level of among rural students, but the situation of relatively insufficient intake of egg and milk among females, junior high school students and those in the western region still exists.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current awareness and optimization recommendations on pneumonia with unknown etiology (PUE) surveillance among Shanghai healthcare professionals, and to provide evidence for the improvement of the surveillance system. MethodsIn December 2024, healthcare professional participants from diverse medical and health institutions were randomly selected within each stratum using a stratified cluster sampling method in all 16 districts of Shanghai for questionnaire surveys on their knowledge and suggestions for optimization of the PUE surveillance system. Descriptive statistics analyses, multivariate logistic regressions, and content analyses were used for data analyses. ResultsA total of 385 survey subjects were involved in the study, including 119 professional staffs from disease prevention and control centers and 266 from medical institutions. Those who understood the case definition for PUE correctly accounted for 67.01% (258/385). Multivariate regression model analyses showed that female gender (aOR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.36‒3.66), professionals from disease control institutions (aOR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.12‒3.72), and those who self-assessed as being familiar with the monitoring system (aOR=2.18, 95%CI:1.23‒3.89) had better understanding of the definition. Overall, 89.61% (345/385) of the survey subjects acknowledged the necessity of the surveillance system. Small number of cases meeting the case definition (54.46%, 214/379), insufficient diagnostic awareness (39.84%, 151/379), and lack of incentives for case reporting (29.29%, 111/379) were major problems for the current surveillance system, with variations observed across different types of institutions. Suggested segments for optimizing the surveillance system included monitoring purpose, case definition, form of monitoring and reporting procedure, organization mechanism, and epidemiological investigation and response. ConclusionThe necessity of PUE surveillance is commonly recognized among healthcare workers. However, the existing system falls short in terms of mastery of case definition and overall surveillance adaptability. There is an urgent need for optimization and improvement to enhance the capacity for preventing and controlling emerging and sudden respiratory infectious diseases.

The unique characteristics of the deep space environment, microgravity, cosmic radiation, and extreme temperature fluctuations, are emerging as major driving forces for pharmaceutical innovation. These factors provide new avenues for optimizing drug formulations, improving crystal structure quality, and accelerating the discovery of therapeutic targets. Advances in deep space research not only help overcome critical bottlenecks in terrestrial drug development but also promote progress in structure-based drug design and deepen understanding of cellular stress-response mechanisms. Current progress in space-based pharmaceutical research primarily includes the study of disease mechanisms under microgravity, protein crystallization in microgravity, and drug development utilizing deep space radiation and resources. However, the operational complexity, high costs, and limited data reproducibility of space experiments remain key challenges hindering widespread application. Looking ahead, with the integration of automation, artificial intelligence analysis, and on-orbit manufacturing, deep space drug development is expected to achieve greater scalability and precision, opening a new frontier in biopharmaceutical science.
Drug Design ; Drug Development/methods* ; Humans ; Weightlessness ; Space Flight ; Artificial Intelligence ; Extraterrestrial Environment

Objective:To construct patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, to explore the effect of immune reconstitution timing on the PDX modeling and immune microenvironment in humanized immune system mice (huHSC-NCG-hIL15), and to provide a reliable animal model for research on the mechanisms of head and neck squamous carcinoma and for studies on immune therapy drug interventions.Methods:This study enrolled 28 HNSCC patients (25 laryngeal carcinomas, 3 hypopharyngeal carcinomas). PDX models were established in Balb/c nude (nu) mice, NSG mice, and humanized immune system-reconstituted huHSC-NCG-hIL15 mice. Fresh HNSCC samples were transplanted into Balb/c nu and NSG mice to generate PDX models, with subsequent analysis of success-associated factors. One successfully established PDX tumor was subsequently implanted into humanized immune system-reconstituted huHSC-NCG-hIL15 mice. Tumor transplantation was performed at distinct immune reconstruction timepoints (2 vs. 7 weeks post-reconstitution), and tumor growth patterns were monitored. Flow cytometry and multiplex immunohistochemical staining were utilized to characterize immunological profiles in peripheral lymphoid organs and tumor microenvironments. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to assess histomorphological concordance between primary patient tumors and PDX model tissues. Results:HNSCC PDX models were successfully established. NSG mice exhibited a higher and more stable tumor take rate compared to Balb/c nu mice (pilot study: 4/10 vs. 3/10 cases; mean take rate 60%-80% vs. 20%-60 %). The PDX success rate in NSG mice was 46.4% (13/28). In the huHSC-NCG-hIL15 mice model with immune reconstitution at 7 weeks, tumors grew significantly faster, and the PDX modeling process was shorter (617 mm3 at day 70 in 7-week cohort vs.280 mm3 in 2-week cohort). Flow cytometry analysis of the immune microenvironment showed that at 7 weeks of immune reconstitution, the proportions of B cells in the spleen and tumor tissues(2-week vs. 7-week: spleen 16.2% vs. 61.7%, tumor 26.0% vs. 38.8%) and myeloid cells in the spleen (2-week vs. 7-week: spleen 47.2% vs. 88.1 %) were significantly higher, while mice at 2 weeks post-reconstitution showed a higher proportion of T cells (2-week vs. 7-week: spleen 13.2% vs. 9.3%, tumor 4.8% vs. 2.5%). HE results demonstrated that the tumor tissues in PDX models maintained a high degree of morphological similarity to the primary tumors in both NSG and huHSC-NCG-hIL15 mouse models. Conclusion:The HNSCC PDX modeling protocol demonstrates operational feasibility and high reproducibility, establishing this model as a robust platform for mechanistic and immunotherapeutic studies.

Objective To analyze acupoint selection law of Professor Fu Wenbin in using acupuncture for the treatment of insomnia based on data mining technology;To provide references for the formulation and optimization of clinical treatment plans.Methods The cases of insomnia treated by acupuncture in the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 1,2020 to December 31,2021 and in the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department of Shenzhen Bao'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 1,2018 to December 31,2021 were collected.A database of prescription information for acupuncture treatment for insomnia was established.The law of acupoint selection frequency,meridians,specific acupoints,correlation analysis and hidden structure analysis for acupuncture treatment of insomnia was mined.Results A total of 517 prescriptions were collected.Acupoints were mainly taken from Baihui(DU20,516 times),Yintang(DU29,499 times),Zhongwan(RN12,482 times)and Taichong(LR3,410 times),and meridians were mainly from Conception Vessel(2 120 times,11 acupoints),Governor Vessel(1 074 times,5 acupoints),liver meridian(410 times,1 acupoint),stomach meridian(401 times,8 acupoints)and kidney meridian(300 times,6 acupoints).The main specific acupoints were the Jiaohui(2 723 times,20 acupoints),Mu(892 times,4 acupoints),and Yuan(746 times,8 acupoints).The core acupoint combination based on Zhongwan-Baihui,Yintang(RN12-DU20-DU29)was formed by the correlation analysis of high-frequency acupoints,and the hidden structure of high-frequency acupoints was analyzed to obtain four comprehensive clustering models corresponding to the evidence of heart-kidney disharmony,liver depression and kidney deficiency,liver depression and kidney deficiency,and heart and gallbladder dysregulation.Conclusion Professor Fu Wenbin uses acupuncture to treat insomnia,with balancing yin and yang,regulating Conception Vessel and Conception Vessel as the basic treatment principle,dredging the liver to regulate the spirit,harmonizing the stomach to calm the spirit,communicating with the heart and kidney,and treating the heart and gallbladder as the treatment method.

Objective:To explore the correlation between triglyceride glucose index (TyGI) and hyperuricemia (HUA) in theindividuals undergoing physical examinations.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 21 720 individuals who underwent health examinations at the Health Management Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from October 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the research subjects. Based on whether uric acid levels exceeded the normal range, the participants were divided into a HUA group and a control group (normal uric acid group). The independent correlation between TyGI and HUA was determined with multiple logistic regression analysis, and stratified analysis was conducted to investigate population differences in the correlation. And finally, a further evaluation was conducted to determine whether there was a nonlinear relationship between TyGI and HUA through smooth curve fitting and threshold saturation effect analysis.Results:The TyGI in the HUA group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t=-41.787, P<0.001). After adjusting for relevant factors, the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between TyGI and risk of HUA ( OR=1.755, 95% CI: 1.632-1.887); and as TyGI increased, the risk of HUA gradually increased. Stratified analysis and interaction tests were conducted based on age, gender, body mass index, blood glucose abnormalities, hypertension, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), it′s indicated that TyGI was positively correlated with the risk of HUA in various populations except for in the individuals with a eGFR less than 60 ml·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1 and in females (all P>0.05). The smooth curve fitting between TyGI and HUA suggested that as TyGI increased, the risk of HUA tended to increase. However, when TyGI reached a certain threshold, the risk of HUA no longer increased. Further analysis of threshold saturation effects suggested that the inflection point of TyGI was 9.871. Conclusion:The correlation between TyGI and HUA in the population undergoing health examinations is nonlinear.

Objective:To explore the correlation between hyperuricemia (HUA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the individuals undergoing physical examinations.Methods:It was a retrospective cohort study. The study selected 6 910 individuals who received health check-ups at the Xiangya Hospital Health Management Center of Central South University in 2012 and 2022, with none of them having developed CKD in 2012. Using the presence of HUA in 2012 as the independent variable and the occurrence of CKD in 2022 as the outcome variable, four Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed, with baseline age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, glomerular filtration rate, presence of hypertension, presence of diabetes, presence of dyslipidemia, white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, direct bilirubin level, alanine aminotransferase level, and blood uric acid level in 2013 as confounding variables. These models were used to analyze the correlation between HUA and CKD, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. The percentile bootstrap method was employed to conduct mediation effect testing, analyzing the intermediary risk factors that influence the correlation between HUA and CKD.Results:Among the 6 910 participants included in the study, the overall baseline detection rate of HUA was 8.78% (607/6 910). In 2022, the incidence of CKD was 7.2% (498/6 910). Cox regression analysis showed a positive correlation between HUA and the occurrence of CKD in the overall population ( HR=1.586, 95% CI: 1.224-2.055). However, after gradually adjusting for confounding factors, the correlation between HUA and CKD was not statistically significant. Stratified by gender, the occurrence of HUA was positively correlated with the incidence of CKD in women ( HR=2.599, 95% CI: 1.069-6.316), but the correlation became non-significant after adjusting for confounding factors. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between HUA and CKD in men. In sensitivity analysis, When uric acid levels were analyzed by grouping participants into two categories based on thresholds of>420 μmol/L for men and>360 μmol/L for women, or as a continuous variable, the results showed a positive correlation between HUA and CKD in the overall population and in women, the HR (95% CI) value was 1.627 (1.282-2.064), 2.465 (1.552-3.914), 1.004 (1.003-1.005) and 1.006 (1.004-1.008), respectively. However, after adjusting for confounding factors, the correlation between HUA and CKD became non-significant in both cases. In the males, there was no correlation between uric acid and the occurrence of CKD, regardless of whether uric acid was treated as a categorical or continuous variable. Mediation analysis revealed that diabetes and hypertension were full mediators between HUA/blood uric acid levels and CKD in the overall population. Among males, diabetes and hypertension were full mediators between blood uric acid levels and CKD. In females, hypertension was a full mediator between HUA/blood uric acid levels and CKD, with an effect proportion of 100%. Conclusion:HUA is positively correlated with the risk of CKD, particularly in females, but HUA is not an independent predictor of CKD. HUA influences the occurrence of CKD through conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.

Currently, transcatheter intervention is the preferred treatment for patients with anatomically suitable atrial septal defects. However, the use of nickel-titanium alloy occluders in interventional procedures results in lifelong presence of the implant in the body, leading to complications such as metal allergies and arrhythmias in some patients. To overcome the short-term and long-term complications associated with the presence of metal, and to avoid radiation exposure and metal toxicity, this paper reports a case of successful transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in a pediatric patient with metal allergies using fully biodegradable occluder under ultrasound guidance, achieving excellent results by interventional therapy.

Background and Objectives: There is no dedicated occlusive device for closing coronary artery fistulas (CAFs), and specific efficacy and safety data of various off-label occlusive devices for CAFs closure are scarce. Methods: Patients undergoing transcatheter closure of CAFs from January 2011 to December 2022 were included in the single-center retrospective study. The study population was divided into 2 groups: coils group (n=35) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluders group (n=66). Results: No significant intergroup differences were observed in demographic characteristics except age. The presence of multiple CAF origins (54.3% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001) and multiple draining sites (51.4% vs. 3.0%, p<0.001) were more common in the coils group. In contrast, the presence of aneurysm (72.7% vs. 14.3%, p<0.001), and large fistula (75.8% vs. 37.1%, p<0.001) were more prevalent in the PDA occluders group. The acute procedural success rate of the PDA occluders group was higher compared to that of the coils group (87.9% vs.62.9%, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–32.64; p=0.01).In addition, no significant intergroup differences were noted in both the recanalization rate (7.8% vs. 20%, p=0.107) and the reintervention rate (3.1% vs. 8.6%, p=0.342). Conclusions Transcatheter closure of CAFs using PDA occluders was associated with significantly higher acute procedural success rates compared to coil embolization with comparable late outcomes.

Background and Objectives: There is no dedicated occlusive device for closing coronary artery fistulas (CAFs), and specific efficacy and safety data of various off-label occlusive devices for CAFs closure are scarce. Methods: Patients undergoing transcatheter closure of CAFs from January 2011 to December 2022 were included in the single-center retrospective study. The study population was divided into 2 groups: coils group (n=35) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluders group (n=66). Results: No significant intergroup differences were observed in demographic characteristics except age. The presence of multiple CAF origins (54.3% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001) and multiple draining sites (51.4% vs. 3.0%, p<0.001) were more common in the coils group. In contrast, the presence of aneurysm (72.7% vs. 14.3%, p<0.001), and large fistula (75.8% vs. 37.1%, p<0.001) were more prevalent in the PDA occluders group. The acute procedural success rate of the PDA occluders group was higher compared to that of the coils group (87.9% vs.62.9%, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–32.64; p=0.01).In addition, no significant intergroup differences were noted in both the recanalization rate (7.8% vs. 20%, p=0.107) and the reintervention rate (3.1% vs. 8.6%, p=0.342). Conclusions Transcatheter closure of CAFs using PDA occluders was associated with significantly higher acute procedural success rates compared to coil embolization with comparable late outcomes.