Objective:To evaluate clinical effectiveness of endometrial preparation of letrozole stimulation protocol for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in patients with endometriosis.Methods:In this prospective, controlled randomized trail, a total of 143 endometriosis women who undergwent FET in Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute from January 2019 to December 2020 were randomly assigned to two groups according to computer digital: 69 patients received letrozole stimulation protocol (letrozole group) and 74 patients received hormone replacement therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a-HRT group). Clinical data between two groups were compared and the primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate.Results:There were no significant differences in the number of embryos transferred, the proportion of blastocysts transferred, high-quality embryo rate and duration of endometrial preparation (all P>0.05). Peak estradiol levels [(417.8±102.7) ng/L], endometrial thickness on transfer day [(10.2±1.6) mm] and drug cost [(3 259.2±134.3) yuan] in GnRH-a-HRT group were significantly higher than those in letrozole group [(188.5±44.8) ng/L, P<0.001; (8.9±1.4) mm, P=0.007; (356.9±79.9) yuan, P<0.001]. The numbers of ultrasound scan (3.8±0.9) and venous samplings (2.8±0.9) in letrozole group were more than those in GnRH-a-HRT group (2.4±0.4, P=0.041; 1.4±0.4, P=0.022). The implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate, the twin pregnancy rate and the ectopic pregnancy rate were similar in both groups (all P>0.05). No significant difference was found in the miscarriage rate although miscarriage rate in GnRH-a-HRT group seemed higher than that of letrozole group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Endometrial preparation of letrozole stimulation protocol for FET in patients with endometriosis showed similar pregnancy outcomes when compared with GnRH-a-HRT protocol. The drug cost is more economical in letrozole stimulation protocol.

Objective:To evaluate clinical effectiveness of endometrial preparation of letrozole stimulation protocol for frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in patients with endometriosis.Methods:In this prospective, controlled randomized trail, a total of 143 endometriosis women who undergwent FET in Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute from January 2019 to December 2020 were randomly assigned to two groups according to computer digital: 69 patients received letrozole stimulation protocol (letrozole group) and 74 patients received hormone replacement therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a-HRT group). Clinical data between two groups were compared and the primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate.Results:There were no significant differences in the number of embryos transferred, the proportion of blastocysts transferred, high-quality embryo rate and duration of endometrial preparation (all P>0.05). Peak estradiol levels [(417.8±102.7) ng/L], endometrial thickness on transfer day [(10.2±1.6) mm] and drug cost [(3 259.2±134.3) yuan] in GnRH-a-HRT group were significantly higher than those in letrozole group [(188.5±44.8) ng/L, P<0.001; (8.9±1.4) mm, P=0.007; (356.9±79.9) yuan, P<0.001]. The numbers of ultrasound scan (3.8±0.9) and venous samplings (2.8±0.9) in letrozole group were more than those in GnRH-a-HRT group (2.4±0.4, P=0.041; 1.4±0.4, P=0.022). The implantation rate, the clinical pregnancy rate, the twin pregnancy rate and the ectopic pregnancy rate were similar in both groups (all P>0.05). No significant difference was found in the miscarriage rate although miscarriage rate in GnRH-a-HRT group seemed higher than that of letrozole group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Endometrial preparation of letrozole stimulation protocol for FET in patients with endometriosis showed similar pregnancy outcomes when compared with GnRH-a-HRT protocol. The drug cost is more economical in letrozole stimulation protocol.

This article summarizes the research content of sodium bicarbonate solution in oral care in recent years from the aspects of the effect, application methods and the deficiencies of existing research. This article aims at discussing related issues on sodium bicarbonate solution applied in oral care so as to provide a reference for practice and research of sodium bicarbonate in oral care.

ABSTRACT:In this study ,we aimed to analyze the transcription level of mitochondria gene Cytb in metacercariae ,larva‐30d ,larva‐60d ,adult ,and egg of Pagumogonimus skrjabini .The mRNA of metacercariae ,larva‐30d ,larva‐60d ,adult and egg of P .skrjabini were extracted with genomic extraction kit ,and transcripted reversely into cDNA .With 18SrDNA of Par‐agonimus westermani as an internal standard primer ,Cytb genes were amplified by real‐time PCR for establishing standard curves to evaluate the copy number of genes .Those quantitative analyses were reliable because the R value of standard curves was 0 .994 (>0 .98) ,and the melting curve showed a single peak .There were increasing trend of transcription of Cytb gene at metacercariae stage ,larva‐30d stage ,and larva‐60d stage .There were less transcription of Cytb gene at adult stage and no transcription at egg stage .There were differences about the transcriptional level of mitochondria Cytb gene at different stages of Pagumogonimus skrjabini ,and peaked at larva‐60d stage ,suggesting that Cytb gene may play a role in the development and migrating of larva .

Objective To explore impact of nursing intervention on the adverse reaction of patient con-trol epidural analgesia (PCEA) after abdominal operation. Methods 258 patients underwent PCEA after ab-dominal operation were selected from 2006 to 2007. The clinical data of 126 patients without nursing interven-tion were analyzed as the control group admitted to our hospital from January to December, 2006 and compared with those of 132 patients receiving nursing intervention as the experimental group from January to December, 2007. The control group was managed by the anesthetists and nurses only conducted routine nursing instruction, while the experimental group was given systematic and normative nursing intervention besides routine nursing instructions, including psychological intervention, behavioral intervention, close observation, of discovery of ad-verse reaction in time and giving early disposal. The incidence of adverse reaction of PCEA of the two groups such as urinary retention, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, skin indentation, catheter shedding, skin itching, numbness of lower limbs, respiratory depression was observed. Results Compared with the control group,the incidence of adverse reactions of PCEA in the experimental group such as urinary retention,nansea and vomiting, abdominal distension,skin indentation,catheter shedding was significantly lower. Conclusions The implementation of nursing intervention can reduce the adverse reaction of PCEA after abdominal operation, alle-viate the suffering of patients, and promote functional recovery and the body rehabilitation.

Human beta defensin 2 (HBD-2) may play an important role in human defense against infection. Its antimicrobial capacity has been fully documented in in vitro study. In order to evaluae its in vivo effects, we developed an HBD-2 transgenic mouse model. The HBD-2 minigene containing CMV promoter, full length of HBD-2 cDNA and BGH polyA tail was generated by PCR amplification and introduced into the fertilized oocytes of C57 X ICR hybridized mouse by microinjection, and offspring were produced. DNA was isolated from the tails of the mouse pups, and the HBD-2 minigene incorporation was analyzed by PCR using HBD-2 specific primers. The HBD-2 gene expression in the multi-tissues of transgenic mice was determined at mRNA level by RT-PCR and at peptide level by immunohistological staining with the use of HBD-2 monoclonal antibody. The results showed that among 17 F0 transgenic mice, HBD-2 positive signal was determined by PCR in 4 mice, suggesting that HBD-2 minigene has been incorporated into the offspring mice. Meanwhile, a widespread expression of HBD-2 mRNA and peptide was detected in the F1 transgenic mice's multi-tissues such as trachea, lung, intestine, esophagus, testis, spleen, skin, endothelium and brain.
Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Animal ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; beta-Defensins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To construct the bait plasmid of HNP-3 mature peptide in yeast two-hybrid system and examine whether the recombinant bait plasmid has self-activating and toxicity effect.Methods Using RT-PCR technique,the cDNA fragments of HNP-3 mature peptide gene were amplified from the extracted RNA in cultured HL-60 cells.The fragment was firstly cloned into pBluescript-SK-II vector,confirmed by sequencing,then sub-cloned into the bait plasmid pGBKT7 and identified with PCR and sequence analysis techniques.The recombinant plasmid was introduced into the yeast cell AH109,and its self-activating and toxicity effect was tested by auxotrophic selective culture.Results DNA sequencing indicated that the inserted fragment in pBluescript-SK-II vector was HNP-3 mature peptide gene sequence,and the sub-cloned recombinant pGBKT7-HNP-3 was no mismatch.The recombinant bait plasmid didn't have self-activating effect and did not show toxicity to yeast AH109 cell.Conclusion The bait plasmid of HNP-3 mature peptide was constructed successfully.This was helpful for investigating the proteins interacting with HNP-3 mature peptide by yeast two-hybrid technique.