Objective: To evaluate the current situation of thermal environment in primary and secondary school classrooms during winter, and to analyze students thermal comfort needs, so as to provide a basis for improving classroom thermal environment. Methods: From December 16 to 26, 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 90 classrooms from 15 primary and secondary schools in centralized/air conditioned heating areas(Liaoning Province, Tianjin City, Shanghai City) and naturally ventilated areas(Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province)for on site environmental measurement. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 743 students. The differences between groups using the χ 2 test were compared. Based on actual measurement data, a predicted mean vote prepared percentage of dissatisfied (PMV-PPD) model for centralized/air conditioned classrooms and an adaptive model for naturally ventilated classrooms were established, and the thermal neutral temperature and comfort interval were calculated. Results: The average outdoor temperature during on site measurement was 4.00(0.20，7.00)℃. In classrooms with centralized or air conditioned heating systems, the measured average temperature was (19.33±2.59)℃, with a thermal comfort range of 20.35-25.35 ℃ and a thermal neutral temperature of 22.85 ℃. And 13.92% of students reported feeling cold, while 80.80% felt comfortable. In classrooms with natural ventilation, the measured average temperature was (12.26±1.83)℃, with a thermal neutral temperature of 19.67 ℃ and a thermal comfort range of 16.17-23.17 ℃. About 48.33% of students reported feeling cold, and 49.81 % felt comfortable.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in shoe thickness, temperature sensation, relative humidity sensation and wind speed sensation between centralized/air conditioned heating areas ( χ 2= 7.01 , 31.47, 13.57, 13.80,all P <0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in school stage for primary and secondary school students, body mass index, classroom location for seat, temperature sensation, relative humidity sensation and wind speed sensation between naturally ventilated areas ( χ 2=42.13, 11.13, 11.04, 60.39, 29.27, 38.46,all P <0.05). Conclusions There are differences in thermal environment and students subjective thermal comfort in primary and secondary schools under different ventilation modes in winter. The temperature standards for heated classrooms should be revised, and differentiated environmental regulation strategies should be adopted based on different ventilation methods to improve students health and comfort levels.

ObjectiveProtein-protein interactions (PPIs) are fundamental to the execution of biological functions within living cells. However, traditional biochemical methods, such as co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), often fail to capture transient, weak, or membrane-associated interactions due to the stringent detergent requirements for cell lysis. Proximity labeling (PL) has emerged in recent years as a transformative technology for mapping the proteomes of specific subcellular compartments and identifying dynamic interactomes in situ. Golgi protein 73 (GP73, also known as GOLPH2), a resident type II Golgi transmembrane protein, is a well-recognized clinical biomarker for liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite its clinical significance, the comprehensive physiological and pathological functions of GP73 remain partially understood. This study aims to establish an APEX2-mediated proximity labeling system specifically targeting GP73 to map its interactome in a living cellular environment, thereby providing new insights into its molecular roles and regulatory mechanisms. MethodsTo achieve spatial specificity, we first constructed a stable cell line expressing a fusion protein consisting of GP73 and the engineered soybean peroxidase APEX2. The localization of the GP73-APEX2 fusion protein was validated to ensure it correctly targeted the Golgi apparatus. The proximity labeling reaction was initiated by incubating the cells with biotin-phenol (BP) for 30 min, followed by a brief (1 min) treatment with1 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). This catalytic reaction converts BP into highly reactive, short-lived biotin-phenoxyl radicals that covalently attach to endogenous proteins within a small labeling radius of the GP73-APEX2 enzyme. Subsequently, the cells were quenched, and biotinylated proteins were enriched using high-affinity streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. The captured “neighbor” proteins were subjected to on-bead digestion and analyzed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for high-throughput identification. Rigorous bioinformatics analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction network mapping, was performed to interpret the biological significance of the identified candidates. ResultsOur results demonstrate the successful establishment of a robust and sensitive APEX2-based proximity labeling system for GP73. We identified a total of 95 high-confidence interacting proteins that were significantly enriched in the GP73 proximity proteome compared to control groups. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these interactors were predominantly associated with biological processes such as vesicular transport, protein localization, and, most notably, molecular functions related to “ribosome binding” and “translation regulation”. This suggested an unexpected role for the Golgi-resident GP73 in the cellular translation machinery. To validate these findings, we performed targeted biochemical assays which confirmed a direct interaction between GP73 and the subunits of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex, specifically EIF3G and EIF3I. Furthermore, functional validation using the surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) assay—a non-radioactive method to monitor protein synthesis—revealed that the overexpression of GP73 significantly promoted global protein translation levels in the cell, whereas its depletion or inhibition resulted in reduced translation efficiency. ConclusionThis study successfully utilized APEX2-mediated proximity labeling to provide the first systematic map of GP73 interactome in living cells. Our findings uncover a novel, unconventional function of GP73 as a regulator of cellular protein translation, likely mediated through its interaction with the eIF3 complex. This discovery significantly broadens our understanding of the biological roles of GP73 beyond its traditional function in the Golgi apparatus and suggests that it may act as a bridge between Golgi-related trafficking and the protein synthesis machinery. Furthermore, the technical framework established in this study provides a valuable template for investigating other complex organelle-associated protein networks and resolving transient macromolecular interactions in various physiological and pathological contexts.

ObjectiveTo establish an ultra-performance liquid fingerprint and multi-components determination method for Naomaili granules. To evaluate the quality of different batches by chemometrics， and the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of water extract and main components of Naomaili granules were tested in vitro. MethodsThe similarity and common peaks of 27 batches of Naomaili granules were evaluated by using Ultra performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint detection. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） technology was used to determine the content of the index components in Naomaili granules and to evaluate the quality of different batches of Naomaili granules by chemometrics. LPS-induced BV-2 cell inflammation model was used to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the water extract and main components of Naomaili granules. ResultsThe similarity of fingerprints of 27 batches of samples was > 0.90. A total of 32 common peaks were calibrated， and 23 of them were identified and assigned. In 27 batches of Naomaili granules， the mass fractions of 14 components that were stachydrine hydrochloride， leonurine hydrochloride， calycosin-7-O-glucoside， calycosin，tanshinoneⅠ， cryptotanshinone， tanshinoneⅡ_A， ginsenoside Rb₁， notoginsenoside R₁， ginsenoside Rg₁， paeoniflorin， albiflorin， lactiflorin， and salvianolic acid B were found to be 2.902-3.498， 0.233-0.343， 0.111-0.301， 0.07-0.152， 0.136-0.228， 0.195-0.390， 0.324-0.482， 1.056-1.435， 0.271-0.397， 1.318-1.649， 3.038-4.059， 2.263-3.455， 0.152-0.232， 2.931-3.991 mg∙g^-1， respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that paeoniflorin， ginsenoside Rg₁， ginsenoside Rb₁ and staphylline hydrochloride were quality difference markers to control the stability of the preparation. The results of bioactive experiment showed that the water extract of Naomaili granules and the eight main components with high content in the prescription had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the release of NO in the cell supernatant. Among them， salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rb₁ had strong anti-inflammatory activity， with IC₅₀ values of （36.11±0.15） mg∙L^-1 and （27.24±0.54） mg∙L^-1， respectively. ConclusionThe quality evaluation method of Naomaili granules established in this study was accurate and reproducible. Four quality difference markers were screened out， and eight key pharmacodynamic substances of Naomaili granules against neuroinflammation were screened out by in vitro cell experiments.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of soil-transmitted nematodiasis control strategies and evaluation of soil-transmitted nematodiasis control effectiveness. Methods There were 10 surveillance points established in Hubei Province for soil-transmitted nematodiasis each year from 2016 to 2023. The surveillance points were divided into eastern, western, southern, northern and central regions according to geographical locations, and one administrative village was sampled from a township in each region as a surveillance point. Then, at least 200 permanent residents at ages of over 3 years were randomly sampled at each point, with at least 1 000 individuals sampled. Soil-transmitted nematode infection was detected using a modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slides for one stool sample), and Enterobius vermicularis infection was additionally detected with a cellophane tape test among children at ages of 3 to 9 years. The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections was descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 80 547 individuals underwent surveillance for soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, and a total of 262 individuals were detected with soil-transmitted nematode infections, including two cases with mixed infections, yielding an overall prevalence rate of 0.33% (262/80 547). The prevalence rates of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and E. vermicularis infections were 0.02% (20/80 547), 0.07% (55/80 547), 0.02% (15/80 547) and 0.22% (174/80 547), respectively, appearing a parasite species-specific prevalence rate (χ² = 250.235, P < 0.05), and the prevalence rates of soil-transmitted nematode infections were 0.50%(51/10271),0.37%(34/9120),0.39%(39/10099),0.40%(41/10168), 0.36% (37/10 234), 0.45% (46/10 211), 0.03% (3/10 238) and 0.11% (11/10 206) in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, respectively, showing a year-specific prevalence rate (χ² = 60.589, P < 0.05). Soil-transmitted nematode infections were detected across 36 surveillance points, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections among surveillance points (0.02% to 3.30%, P < 0.001). In addition, the differences in prevalence rates of human soil-transmitted nematode infection among different age groups (χ² = 531.091, P < 0.05), occupations (P < 0.001), and education levels (P < 0.001) were all statistically significant. Among these, the children at ages of 3 to 9 years old (1.40%, 174/12 461), nursery-school children (1.69%, 90/5 312) and preschool-aged children (1.56%, 93/5 969) were relatively high. Conclusions The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted nematodiasis was low in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023; however, the prevalence varied across regions and among populations, with E. vermicularis as the predominant species of soil-transmitted nematode. Soil-transmitted nematodiasis control should be given a high priority in key areas in Hubei Province, and preschool children, primary school students, and individuals with a low educational level are recommended as key target populations for health education and interventions.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of native T1 mapping in differentiating Oxford classification (MEST-C) scores in patients with IgA nephropathy.Methods:In this prospective study, patients who underwent both T1 mapping and renal biopsy at the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital between April 2023 and October 2024 were consecutively enrolled. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical and pathological information, measured renal T1 mapping parameters, including cortical T1 (cT1), medullary T1 (mT1), the corticomedullary difference (ΔT1), and the corticomedullary ratio (T1 ratio). Clinical and renal biopsy data based on the Oxford classification from patients with IgA nephropathy were collected. The Oxford classification includes five indicators: Mesangial hypercellularity (M), Endocapillary hypercellularity (E), Segmental glomerulosclerosis or adhesion (S), Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T), and Cellular or fibrocellular crescents (C). Spearman correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the associations between MEST-C scores and T1 parameters. The diagnostic performance of T1 parameters for discriminating among scores of the Oxford classification was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:A total of 124 patients with IgA nephropathy were included in this study [66 males, 58 females; age 19-70 years, 39 (30, 51) years]. Except for the E indicator, M, S, T, and C were significantly correlated with renal T1 values ( ρ=0.177-0.414, all P<0.05). cT1 showed the best diagnostic efficacy for the S score, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.798, a sensitivity of 68.7%, and a specificity of 88.0%. The best T1 parameter for differentiating the T score was the T1 ratio, with an AUC of 0.687, a sensitivity of 57.9%, and a specificity of 79.1%. Conclusion:Native T1 mapping can be used for the non-invasive assessment of the S and T scores in the Oxford classification of patients with IgA nephropathy.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Euphorbia humifusa Willd.and their in vitro anti-hepatoma activity.METHODS Silica gel,D101 macroporous adsorption resin and semi-preparative RP-HPLC were used for isolated and purified,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity was determined by MTT mothod.RESULTS Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as 22-O-angeloyl-R1-barrigenol(1),dimethyl 3,3'-[oxybis(4,1-phenylene)](2E,2'E)-diacrylate(2),N-(3-methoxy-1,3-dioxopropyl)-D-tryptophan methyl ester(3),N-acetyltryptophan methyl ester(4),N-(methoxycarbonyl)-tryptophan methyl ester(5),(3β,5α,17β)-4,4,8,14-tetramethyl-18-norandrostane-3,17-diol(6),3β,18,19β-trihydroxylupane(7),pregnenolone(8),3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(9),dehydrovomifoliol(10),loliolide(11),2,2'-oxybis(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene)(12),dibutyl phthalate(13),4-methoxycinnamic acid(14),3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid(15),methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate(16),kaempferol(17),quercetin(18).The IC50 values of compounds 1,7 and 8 on HepG2 cells were(17.27±0.92),(19.11±2.14)and(7.53±1.09)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-16 are first isolated from this plant.Compounds 1,7 and 8 have anti-hepatoma activity.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Pyrolae Herba and their activity against pathogenic bacteria associated with sports injuries.METHODS Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 were used for isolation and purification,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antibacterial activity was detected by filter paper method.RESULTS Twenty five compounds were isolated and identified as manuleoside H(1),5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-4,-methyl flavone(2),5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-methoxy-flavone(3),5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxy-flavone(4),5,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-flavone(5),7.5,4'-trihydroxyflavone(6),ethyl vanillate(7),clovandiol(8),hydroxydihydrobovolide(9),zanthopyranone(10),eugenin(11),berchemol(12),3,7-dimethoxy-5,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone(13),2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone(14),rutalinium(15),formononetin(16),8-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxy-isoflavones(17),isoline(18),dearabinosyl pneumonanthoside(19),3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid(20),2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone(21),p-isopropyl benzoic acid(22),geraldone(23),ethylsyringin(24),4-hydroxyphenylethyl-2'-hydroxypropionate(25).Compounds 8,10,12,16 and 24 showed bacteriostatic zone on pathogenic bacteria susceptible to sports injuries.CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from Pyrolae Herba for the first time.Compounds 8,10,12,16 and 24 have inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria susceptible to sports injuries.

Objective To explore the prognosis-related genes of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)and establish a prognostic prediction model for LUAD.Methods The differentially expressed genes of LUAD tissues and adjacent normal tissues in the GSE43458,GSE7670,and GSE140797 datasets were screened.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis,gene ontology(GO)function,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analyses,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for prognosis coefficient screening,disease-specific survival analysis,Cox regression analysis,and gene correlation analysis were performed.Independent prognostic genes of LUAD were screened from the differential genes,and a prognostic prediction model of LUAD was established.The expression of independent prognostic genes was analyzed,and the predictive model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The GSE68465 data set was used as an external validation set to verify the predictive model.Results There were 197 up-regulated differential genes and 77 down-regulated differential genes in LUAD and adjacent normal tissues common to the three datasets.Through stepwise screening,two genes,IL7R and SLC2A1,were identified as independent prognostic factors for LUAD.IL7R was an independent protective factor,while the SLC2A1 was an independent risk factor.A prediction model for curve was built with IL7R and SLC2A1.The prediction model for LUAD constructed with IL7R and SLC2A1 is as follows:Risk score=(-0.694)×expression level of IL7R+0.763×expression level of SLC2A1.Conclusion This study screened out IL7R as an independent prognostic protective factor for LUDA,and SLC2A1 as an independent prognostic risk factor for LUAD.The LUDA prediction model constructed based on these two genes has good predictive ability and generalization ability,which can provide references for the research and clinical individualized treatment of LUAD.

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Supplemented Buyang Huanwu Decoction on postoperative patients with lumbar vertebral fracture complicated with spinal cord injury due to Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Pattern.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients were randomly assigned into control group(60 cases)for 6-week intervention of conventional treatment,and observation group(60 cases)for 6-week intervention of both Supplemented Buyang Huanwu Decoction and conventional treatment.The changes in clinical effects,TCM syndrome scores,spinal cord conduction signals(SEP amplitude,MEP amplitude),serum neurotrophic factors(NGF,IGF-1,BDNF),coagulation and inflammatory indices(PT,APTT,TNF-α,IL-1 β)and incidence of adverse reactions were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed decreased TCM syndrome scores,TNF-α,IL-1β(P＜0.05),increased spinal cord conduction signals,coagulation and inflammatory indices(P＜0.05),and shortened PT,APTT(P＜0.05),especially for the observation group(P＜0.05).No significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions was found between the two groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with lumbar vertebral fracture complicated with spinal cord injury due to Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Pattern,Supplemented Buyang Huanwu Decoction can safely and effectively promote neurological function recovery.

Laccase is a type of polyphenol oxidase that can catalyze the oxidation of various substances,including phenols,aromatic amines,and catecholamines.It has been widely utilized in pollutant degradation and analytical applications.However,the high cost of preparation of natural laccase and its susceptibility to environmental factors,which can lead to denaturation and inactivation,limit its practical applications.Nanozymes,which are nanomaterials that exhibit enzyme-like properties,offer advantages such as easy preparation,adjustable activity,and exceptional stability.Currently,many types of nanozymes have been developed.Inspired by the coordination of Cu2+with amino acids in the active site of natural laccase,researchers have employed coordination synthetic strategies to prepare laccase-like nanozymes.The metal nodes in these laccase-like nanozymes include copper,manganese,and cerium,while the ligands involve a variety of chemicals like nucleotides,amino acids,polypeptides,and aromatic acids.By manipulating factors such as the metal-to-ligand ratio,reducing capacity of ligands,buffer solutions,chloride ions,bromine ions,the catalytic activity of laccase-like nanozymes can be finely tuned.In this paper,laccase-like nanozymes developed through coordination strategies were categorized and summarized,along with review of their analytical applications in detection of phenolic compounds,disease biomarkers,antibiotics,pesticides,sulfur-containing pollutants,and time-temperature indicators.Furthermore,the challenges currently faced in the research of laccase-like nanozymes and future research directions were discussed.