Objective To explore the correlation between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma with diameter≤3 cm. Methods The clinicopathologic data of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma≤3 cm in diameter were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between lymph node metastasis and age, gender, smoking history, pathological subtype, tumor diameter, pleural invasion, vascular invasion and other factors was analyzed. The risk factors of lymph node metastasis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Finally 1 718 patients were collected, including 697 males and 1 021 females with an average age of (58.89±9.85) years. The total lymph node metastasis rate was 12.9%, among whom 452 patients of adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma did not have lymph node metastasis, and the lymph node metastasis rate of invasive lung adenocarcinoma was 17.5%. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor diameter, micropapillary subtype, solid subtype, micropapillary component, solid component, vascular invasion and pleural invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of invasive lung adenocarcinoma with diameter≤3 cm (P<0.05). While age, lepidic subtype and lepidic component were independent protective factors for lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion Clinicopathological features can help predict lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma with diameter≤3 cm.

Malignant tumors represent a major threat to global health. Conventional anti-tumor pharmacotherapy often encounters challenges such as drug resistance, highlighting an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme catalyzing de novo fatty acid synthesis, is subject to precise regulation at multiple levels, including transcriptional control, various post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, as well as modulation by diverse signaling pathways. Recent studies have revealed that FASN is aberrantly overexpressed in various malignant tumors and is closely associated with tumor progression and poor patient prognosis. FASN is a homodimer composed of seven functional domains that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to generate saturated fatty acids, primarily palmitic acid. Its stability is regulated by multiple ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes. Additionally, FASN is subject to upstream regulation via neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 8 (Nedd8) modification and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, thereby establishing a metabolic-signaling positive feedback loop. As a core executor of metabolic reprogramming, FASN promotes tumorigenesis through dual mechanisms. First, its fatty acid synthesis product, palmitate, participates in membrane phospholipid synthesis, lipid raft formation, and protein palmitoylation, thereby activating several key oncogenic signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, wingless-type MMTV integration site family member (Wnt)/β‑catenin, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), leading to tumor development and progression. Second, FASN plays a pivotal role in modulating the anti-tumor functions of immune cells and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. Specifically, FASN enhances immune checkpoint inhibition by inducing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) palmitoylation, suppresses the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and promotes the polarization of M2-type macrophages, consequently facilitating tumor immune evasion and malignant progression. Precisely due to its significant overexpression in tumor cells, its critical functional role, and its differential expression compared to normal cells, FASN has emerged as a highly promising target for anti-tumor drug development. Highly selective small-molecule inhibitors, notably represented by TVB-2640, have advanced to clinical trial stages and demonstrated favorable anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, the combination of FASN inhibitors with other chemotherapeutic agents or targeted drugs can overcome the limitations of monotherapy through synergistic effects or by resensitizing tumor cells to conventional drugs, achieving a “1+1>2” therapeutic outcome. With the advancement of modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), numerous active ingredients derived from TCM have been confirmed to exert anti-tumor effects by modulating FASN-related pathways. This integrated approach leverages the precision of Western medicine while simultaneously harnessing the holistic regulatory benefits of TCM to alleviate the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the promising prospects of FASN-targeted therapies, challenges remain, including tumor cell metabolic plasticity, tumor context-dependent responses, and heterogeneity. This review systematically summarizes the molecular structure, physiological functions, and mechanisms of FASN in tumorigenesis, as well as recent advances in targeted therapies. Future directions—including the precise identification of responsive patient populations using spatial transcriptomics, the development of novel combination regimens, and the active exploration of integrative strategies combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine—will facilitate the clinical translation of FASN-targeted therapies and open new avenues for improving the quality of life and prognosis of cancer patients.

Objective:To establish a stable rat model of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease(SPID)with clinical characteristics,and to provide a reliable experimental model for the study of the pharmcological effect and mechanism of SPID.Methods:Twenty-four 7-week-old SD rats were divided into sham operation group,model-A(108 cfu/mL mixed bacterial solution,0.2 mL),model-B(109 cfu/mL mixed bacterial solution 0.2 mL),and model-C(108 cfu/mL E.coli 0.2 mL).The weight of the rat's uterine was weighed and the uterine index was calculated.The automatic hematology analyzer was used to detect the blood routine;hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE)and masson staining were used to detect uterine pathlogical changes in rats.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in rat uterine tissue homogenates.Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins related to NF-κB signaling pathway.Results:Compared with the sham operation group,the uterine index of model-A,model-B,and model-C were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The levels of WBC and NE in the model-A increased significantly(P＜0.01).The level of LY in model-B decreased significantly(P＜0.01).The levels of IL-1β,TNF-α in model-A,model-B,and model-C were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The levels of IL-6 in model-A and model-B were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The collagen volume fraction of model-A and model-B were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Mechanism study indicates that the expression levels of p-IKKβ/IKKβ,p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 in model-A were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of IκBα/β-actin were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The expression level of p-IKKβ/IKKβ in model-B was significantly increased(P＜0.01).Conclusions:A stable rat model of SPID that conforms to clinical characteristics can be successfully constructed by combining 0.2 mL of mixed bacterial solution with a concentration of 108 cfu/mL and mechanical injury.This modeling method intervened in the expression of the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the applicability of a new anti-G capability assessment trainer (AG-CAT) in high-performance (HP) anti-G maneuver training and positive pressure breathing for high-G (PHP) training for pilots.Methods:A total of 142 fighter pilots who were subjected to anti-G maneuver training at Dujiangyan Special Crew Sanatorium of PLA Air Force between January and November 2023 were enrolled. According to the Guidelines for Aviation Physiological Training, 123 pilots underwent both HP anti-G maneuver training and PHP positive pressure breathing training, 15 received only HP training, and 4 received only PHP training. Based on the training devices used, these pilots were divided into AG-CAT group and an anti-G and anti-hypoxia capability detection instrument (GHyCDI) group. The 2 groups were compared regarding the pedal force of lower limbs, blood pressure, and improvement of +G z tolerance during training. Results:Of the 138 pilots undergoing HP training, 88 used AG-CAT and 50 used GHyCDI. One hundred and twenty-seven pilots participated in PHP training, with 73 in the AG-CAT group and 54 in the GHyCDI group. During HP training, the pedal force of left lower limbs in the AG-CAT group was greater than that of the right limbs and of the GHyCDI group ( t=4.38, 2.64, P<0.001, =0.009). In PHP training, the AG-CAT group exhibited greater pedal force in left limbs than in right ones, while the GHyCDI group showed an opposite trend ( t=2.25, 3.37, P=0.029, 0.002). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures during HP training (with or without anti-G suits) were higher in the AG-CAT group than in the GHyCDI group ( t=3.50, 3.72, 2.55, 4.21, P=0.001,<0.001,=0.012,<0.001). Similarly, during PHP training, both systolic and diastolic pressures were higher in the AG-CAT group ( t=2.03, 3.81, P=0.045,<0.001). The AG-CAT group demonstrated superior improvements in +G z tolerance during HP training (without/with anti-G suits: Z=2.14, 3.21, P=0.049, 0.001) and PHP training ( Z=2.56, P=0.010) compared with the GHyCDI group. Conclusions:AG-CAT shows excellent applicability in aviation physiological training of pilots. Its ergonomic design, practical functionalities and enhanced compatibility with personnel protective equipment can better meet training requirements compared to conventional devices.

Aim To identify the chemical components of Angelica sinensis(AS)and explore the mechanism of AS in activating blood circulation.Methods UP-LC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the chemical com-ponents of AS.The changes of syndrome and patholog-ical section of heart in rats were observed.Hemody-namics and proteomics were measured.Results A to-tal of 270 compounds were identified from AS.It showed that rats of Angelica sinensis group were greatly improved such as arched back,shrugged fur,huddled up and less mobile,purplish paws and tails,whitish ear margins and nasolabial lips,reduced drinking and feed-ing,and slow response to external stimuli;mildly disor-dered myocardial fibre arrangement,myofibre arrange-ment was tighter than that of model group,myocardial fibres were narrower and close to normal,and mild oe-dema,exudation,and inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen in the surrounding area;SAP was signif-icantly lower and LVSP was significantly higher in An-gelica sinensis group(P＜0.05).Proteomics showed that 62 differential proteins were screened in Angelica sinensis group compared to model,GO function were concentrated in the extracellular matrix,cytoskeletal proteins binding and protein hydrolysis negatively regu-lated.KEGG pathway were enriched in signalling path-ways such as complement and coagulation cascades,cellular focal adhesion,leukocyte transendothelial mi-gration and chemokine signalling pathways.Conclu-sions AS probably through the expression of proteins,which modulate the signalling pathways of the comple-ment and coagulation cascade reactions and the con-traction of vascular smooth muscle.

Chronic stress triggers the imbalance of the homeostasis of the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME),which is a key factor driving the development of lung cancer.Based on the mapping relationship between the concept of"spirit"in traditional Chinese medicine and chronic stress,and between"qi"and"immunity",it is believed that the cross-linking mechanism of"chronic stress-TIME-lung cancer"aligns with the understanding of traditional Chinese medicine of disease as involving the interplay between the"body,qi and spirit".The disorganization of"spirit"and"qi"is not only the root of the change of the"form",but also the key to prevent and control it.The treatment principle of synergizing to improve the chronic stress of"regulating the spirit"and remodeling the TIME of"invigorating the qi"is further proposed,which emphasizes on grasping the core pathogenesis of lung cancer at each stage of its evolution in order to administer medicines,drawing on the clinical experience and pharmacological research results in order to accurately hit the target,and combining special therapies like acupuncture,Chinese kungfu,sound therapy to treat the change of"shape"by modulating neuro-endocrine-immune network homeostasis,so as to provide new ideas and accessible solutions for the comprehensive prevention and treatment system of lung cancer.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease involving multiple inflammatory cells and cytokines. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving various cells and cytokines. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory suggests that the pathogenesis of asthma is closely related to the dysfunction of internal organs such as the lungs, spleen, and kidneys. In contrast, modern immunological studies have revealed the central role of T helper 1(Th1)/T helper 2(Th2) and T helper 17(Th17)/regulatory T(Treg) cellular immune imbalance in the pathogenesis of asthma. Th1/Th2 imbalance is manifested as hyperfunction of Th2 cells, which promotes the synthesis of immunoglobulin E(IgE) and the activation of eosinophil granulocytes, leading to airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation.Meanwhile, Th17/Treg imbalance exacerbates the inflammatory response in the airways, further contributing to asthma pathology.Currently, therapeutic strategies for asthma are actively exploring potential targets for regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immune responses. These targets include cytokines, transcription factors, key proteins, and non-coding RNAs. Precisely regulating the expression and function of these targets can effectively modulate the activation and differentiation of immune cells. In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients have shown unique potential and prospects in the field of asthma treatment. Based on this, the present study systematically summarizes the efficacy and specific mechanisms of TCM active ingredients in treating asthma by regulating Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immune balance through literature review and analysis. These active ingredients, including flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and phenolic acids, exert their effects through various mechanisms, such as inhibiting the activation of inflammatory cells, reducing the release of cytokines, and promoting the normal differentiation of immune cells. This study aims to provide a solid foundation for the widespread application and in-depth development of TCM in asthma treatment and to offer new ideas for clinical research and drug development of asthma.
Asthma/genetics* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Th2 Cells/drug effects* ; Th17 Cells/drug effects* ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects* ; Th1 Cells/drug effects* ; Animals ; Cytokines/immunology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease with a high global prevalence, has a complex pathogenesis, in which airway remodeling plays a key role in the chronicity of the disease. Airway remodeling involves a series of pathophysiological changes, including airway epithelial damage, proliferation of mucous glands and goblet cells, subepithelial fibrosis, proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These complex pathological changes significantly increase airway resistance and responsiveness, forming an important pathological basis for refractory asthma. Currently, the regulatory mechanisms of airway remodeling focus on signaling pathways and regulatory targets. The signaling pathways include phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt), nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)/Smads, and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK). The regulatory targets include microRNAs(miRNAs), competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNAs), long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs), and circular RNAs(circRNAs). Key proteins involved in these processes include TGF-β1, silencing information regulator 2-related enzyme 1(SIRT1), chitinase 3-like protein 1(YKL-40), and adenosine deaminase-metalloproteinase 33(ADAM33). In recent years, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of asthma has become increasingly evident. Its active ingredients, extracts, and complexes can inhibit airway remodeling in asthma through multiple pathways, demonstrating a variety of effects, including anti-inflammatory actions, inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, attenuation of fibrosis and basement membrane thickening, reduction of mucus secretion, inhibition of vascular remodeling, modulation of immune imbalance, and antioxidative stress. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of asthma, offering theoretical support and innovative strategies for clinical research and drug development in the treatment of asthma.
Asthma/pathology* ; Humans ; Airway Remodeling/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism*

The chemical constituents of the chloroform extract of the 90% methanol extract obtained from the dried branches and leaves of Croton lauioides were investigated. By using silica gel column chromatography, C_(18 )column chromatography, MCI column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), six compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as lauioidine(1), 2α-methoxy-8α-hydroxy-6-oxogermacra-1(10),7(11)-dien-8,12-olide(2), myrrhanolide B(3), gossweilone(4), 6β,7β-epox-4α-hydroxyguaian-10-ene(5), and 4(15)-eudesmane-1β,5α-diol(6) by analyzing the HR-ESI-MS, IR, ECD, 1D NMR and 2D NMR data, as well as their physicochemical properties. All compounds were isolated from C. lauioides for the first time, among which compound 1 is a new nor-clerodane diterpenoid.
Croton/chemistry* ; Diterpenes, Clerodane/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

OBJECTIVE: To explore early curative effect of upper joint capsule reconstruction combined with biceps tendon transposition in treating irreparable rotator cuff tears. METHODS: From October 2019 to March 2021, 16 patients with irreparable rotator cuff tear were underwent arthroscopic autogenous semitendinosus tendon transplantation for upper articular capsule reconstruction combined with biceps tendon transposition, included 12 males and 4 females, aged from 53 to 72 years old with an average of (62.13±5.35) years old; 3 patients on the left side and 13 patients on the right side. All patients had preoperatively limited joint mobility, resting pain, and mobility pain, and had a history of failure to respond to conservative treatment for more than 8 months. The duration of preoperative symptoms ranged from 45 to 144 months with an average of (85.25±32.08) months. Visual analogue scale (VAS) of shoulder pain, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Constant-Murley score, active and passive motion of shoulder joint were compared before operation and 2 years after operation, complications were recorded. RESULTS: All 16 patients were followed up for 21 to 32 months with an average of (24.25±3.57) months. There were no complications such as incision infection, vascular and nerve injury, retear occurred. VAS, UCLA and Constant-Murley scores were improved from (5.75±1.18), (11.88±3.38) and (33.38±9.34) before operation to (1.13±0.89), (32.56±2.71), (89.06±6.25) at 2 years after operation (P<0.05). Anterior flexion, abduction, lateral external rotation and lateral internal rotation of shoulder joint were improved from (79.75±21.36) °, (62.06±10.49) °, (19.19±5.41) °, (3.04±0.21) °, respectively to (156.94±13.18) °, (116.19±12.59) °, (42.63±6.07) °, (8.16±0.64) ° at 2 years after operation. Anterior flexion, abduction, lateral lateral rotation and lateral internal rotation of shoulder joint were improved from (116.28±21.47) °, (107.12±9.67) °, (27.62±4.70) °, (4.21±0.41) °, respectively to (165.28±7.15) °, (153.34±4.69) °, (52.46±4.46) °, (9.68±0.68) ° at 2 years after operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Arthroscopic autograft of semitendinosus tendon combined with transposition of biceps tendon could achieve satisfactory early clinical results in treating patients with irreparable rotator cuff tear, which is a reliable and effective surgical method.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/physiopathology* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder Joint/surgery* ; Tendon Transfer