Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Renal fibrosis is the common pathological endpoint of many forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet the mechanisms determining effective repair versus persistent fibrotic remodeling remain incompletely understood. Peritubular capillaries (PTCs) are not merely passive targets of fibrotic injury, but form a dynamic vascular microenvironment linking regional perfusion, oxygen delivery, tubular metabolism, endothelial barrier integrity, pericyte support, immune-cell trafficking, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We propose that PTC abnormalities should not be interpreted simply as reduced capillary density, but as a multidimensional disturbance of microvascular structure and function. Structural vascular preservation does not necessarily indicate effective microcirculation: anatomically detectable capillaries may still exhibit impaired perfusion, barrier dysfunction, abnormal endothelial-pericyte interactions, disturbed oxygen metabolism, or reduced network connectivity. Conversely, increased angiogenesis does not necessarily signify successful vascular repair if vessels remain immature, poorly perfused, or inadequately integrated into the existing network. To organize these abnormalities, we conceptualize PTC remodeling into four predominant but nonexclusive states: endothelial barrier disruption with inflammatory adhesion; endothelial-pericyte uncoupling with no-reflow; dysregulated angiogenesis with network simplification; and capillary rarefaction with fibrotic matrix locking. These states are not sequential stages of CKD. They may coexist within the same kidney, overlap within the same anatomical region, and vary with disease etiology, injury phase, vascular compartment, and treatment exposure. We further propose six dimensions for evaluating PTC status—structural presence, functional perfusion, barrier integrity, pericyte coupling, oxygen metabolism, and network connectivity—so that vascular quantity, function, and reparative capacity are assessed separately rather than inferred from a single endothelial marker or capillary-density measurement. Mechanistically, these states converge on a bidirectional microvascular-fibrotic feedback loop. Barrier disruption facilitates leukocyte recruitment and alters vascular paracrine signaling. Endothelial-pericyte uncoupling compromises capillary stability, whereas abnormal pericyte contraction may increase local vascular resistance and contribute to no-reflow before overt capillary loss. Dysregulated angiogenesis may generate vessels that fail to mature or connect to an effective perfusion network. Progressive capillary rarefaction compromises oxygen delivery, while sustained tubular transport demand and mitochondrial dysfunction may aggravate regional oxygen supply-demand mismatch. Injured tubules, immune cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts communicate through soluble mediators, extracellular vesicles, direct cell contact, and cell-matrix signaling. Importantly, fibrosis is not merely a downstream consequence of microvascular injury. Altered ECM may increase diffusion distance, modify mechanotransduction, impair endothelial survival and migration, and restrict capillary reopening and regeneration. We use the term matrix locking to describe this sustained constraint on vascular repair, while emphasizing that current evidence does not establish irreversible disease in humans. This framework also has therapeutic implications. PTC-directed treatment should not be reduced to increasing vessel number or uniformly promoting angiogenesis. Instead, intervention should be matched to the dominant and potentially reversible abnormality: preserving endothelial barrier function; restoring endothelial-pericyte stability and reducing pathological microvascular resistance; normalizing angiogenesis so that vascular growth is accompanied by maturation, barrier competence, network integration, and effective perfusion; and, in advanced rarefaction, relieving matrix-related constraints while supporting vascular regeneration. The context- and time-dependent effects of signaling through VEGF, Tie2, PDGF-B/PDGFRβ, eNOS/NO, and related pathways indicate that the same molecular signal may exert different effects depending on disease context and timing. Therapeutic efficacy should therefore be evaluated by restoration of effective microcirculation and tissue function rather than by isolated molecular changes or capillary counts alone. Despite increasing mechanistic evidence, the translational basis for this framework remains limited. Most causal and interventional data derive from animal or cell models, whereas human evidence is largely limited to pathological observations, patient-sample associations, and prognostic studies. Currently available circulating and urinary candidate biomarkers generally lack sufficient specificity for PTC injury or state assignment, and no standardized quantitative thresholds have been externally validated. The four-state model should therefore be regarded as a hypothesis-generating analytical framework rather than a clinicopathological classification system. Future studies should integrate spatially resolved tissue phenotyping, blood and urine biomarkers, and dynamic microcirculatory assessment in longitudinal cohorts. They should test reproducibility, assess prognostic value beyond conventional pathology, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria, and determine whether changes in PTC status precede or mediate therapeutic benefit. Linking reproducible microvascular phenotypes to defined mechanisms, treatment response, and long-term renal outcomes will be essential to determine whether state-directed assessment and restoration of the PTC microenvironment can ultimately inform patient stratification and therapeutic decision-making.

AIM To establish a UPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of liquiritin,ammonium glycyrrhizate,naringin,neohesperidin,hesperidin,rosmarinic acid,baicalin,wogonoside,baicalein,wogonin and praeruptorin A in Tongxuan Lifei Pills,and to make chemometric investigation.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic SVEA C18 column(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％phosphoric acid flowing at 0.5 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm.Subsequently,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis were performed.RESULTS Eleven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2＞0.990 0),whose average recoveries were 90.00％-98.32％with the RSDs of 0.35％-1.89％.Forty batches of samples were clustered into 3 types.Baicalein,baicalin,liquiritin,wogonin,wogonoside and neohesperidin were taken as quality differential markers.CONCLUSION This simple and reproducible method can provide the basis for quality control and evaluation of Tongxuan Lifei Pills.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the management status of small pressure steam sterilizers in dental institu-tions across seven major regions of China and provide references for establishing standardized monitoring and eval-uation protocols for sterilization efficacy.METHODS From Aug.to Nov.2023,a convenience sampling method was employed to select 885 dental institutions of various levels from seven geographical regions.An online survey using a self-designed questionnaire was conducted to assess the management status of small pressure steam steri-lizers in dental institutions.RESULTS A total of 885 questionnaires were distributed,with 770 valid responses col-lected,covering 770 dental institutions at all levels.The survey involved 2 056 small pressure steam sterilizers,of which 43.14％were pre-vacuum type and 89.40％were benchtop models.Tertiary dental institutions had the high-est proportion of imported small pressure steam sterilizers(60.15％),with most devices in use for 5-10 years(36.88％).Secondary and low er-level institutions predominantly used domestically produced small pressure steam sterilizers(74.60％),which used for 3-5 years accounting for the highest proportion(34.29％).While 85.58％of dental institutions employed dedicated sterilization personnel,only 45.84％performed proper maintenance for small pressure steam sterilizers.Training rates were 80.00％for department of stomatology in ungraded general hospitals and primary medical institutions,76.19％in prejob and 71.43％during the work for department of sto-matology in primary clinics,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Although most dental institutions demonstrate sound policy formulation,challenges persist in equipment maintenance,policy implementation and grassroots training.Future efforts should be made on strengthening maintenance and inspection of equipment,enhancing sys-tem supervisory mechanisms,and optimizing training systems to ensure dental treatment safety.

Objective To explore the application value of a novel portable endoscope to perform upper gastrointestinal tract examinations in primary medical units.Methods A total of 532 subjects receiving portable endoscope examination were enrolled for analysis.The primary outcome was the success rate of operation.The secondary outcomes were the operation time,examination results,polyp removal and biopsy pathology results,and the subjective evaluation.Results In 532 cases,2 were withdrawn midway after the endoscope was inserted into the esophagus due to the patients'inability to tolerate the examination.Additionally,6 cases did not undergo examination of the descending part of the duodenum because of serious reactions during the procedure.Ultimately,524 cases successfully completed the upper gastrointestinal examination,and the success rate was 98.5％.The average examination time was(4.7±1.8)min,and the average time for disposal sheath wearing and removing was(4.2±1.4)min.The most common lesions were chronic non-atrophic gastritis(85.1％,451/530),reflux esophagitis(14.7％,78/530)and bile reflux(14.0％,74/530).A total of 10 cases of polyp removal were completed,and the polyp removal rate was 71.4％(10/14).Biopsy pathological diagnosis was completed in 44 cases,and the biopsy rate was 8.3％(44/530).The main discomfort symptoms during the examination were nausea(53.6％,285/532),vomiting(51.1％,272/532),and sore throat(38.5％,205/532),the main discomfort symptoms after the examination were sore throat(27.8％,148/532),nausea(19.5％,104/532),and vomiting(14.7％,78/532).No serious adverse events such as gastrointestinal bleeding,perforation,cardiac or pulmonary complications occurred.Conclusion The novel portable endoscope can safely and effectively complete the diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal diseases in primary medical units,while saving the decontamination process.However,the incidence of discomfort is high during examinations.Further optimization of the operation methods is needed.

As a serine protease,thrombin can convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin and plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade.Therefore,the accurate quantitative assay of thrombin levels is of great value in the evaluation of coagulation function,clinical screening and prognostic monitoring of coagulation-related diseases,and screening of drugs for targeted therapy.Existing methods for thrombin detection can be divided into two categories,e.g.,the assay of concentration levels using nucleic acid aptamers as the affinity elements and the assay of activity levels based on the hydrolytic cleavage of substrate peptides.In recent years,electrochemical biosensors have attracted much attention in thrombin detection due to high sensitivity,high selectivity,simple instrument,fast response,and good portability.In this review,the latest research progress in methods for electrochemical detection of thrombin was summarized,focusing on the detection principles and the applied signal amplification strategies of related electrochemical biosensors.In addition,the challenges with respect to the practical use of electrochemical thrombin biosensors and the prospects were discussed.

The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NO3RR)presents a sustainable pathway for large-scale ammonia production,yet it faces significant challenges due to proton supply limitations caused by the high energy barrier for water dissociation,which slows ammonia(NH3)generation.Herein,a palladium(Pd)-modified copper-cobalt(CuCo)hollow fiber penetration electrode that enabled H2 injection through its hollow structures,thereby enhancing proton availability for NO3RR was developed.The active Pd component efficiently dissociated H2,facilitating active hydrogen(*H)spillover and speeding up the cascade NO3RR process on Cu and Co sites.As a result,a half-cell energy efficiency of 39.53%and an NH3 Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 97.11%±1.17%at-0.1 V(vs RHE)were achieved,comparable to state-of-the-art systems.Importantly,the H2-assisted approach prevented the oxidation of active Cu and Co phases,demonstrating exceptional stability with less than 5.6%decay in current density(267 mA/cm2)and retention of NH3 FE at 94.8%after over 70 h of electrolysis.These findings offered valuable insights into proton supply pathways and design of NO3RR electrodes.

Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline,presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine.Since the 1980s,the establishment of foren-sic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront,proposing the development goals of"Five First-class"and the discipline development path"Six Major Achievements".It has selected benchmark disci-plines,identified gaps in disciplinary development,unified thoughts,formulated completion timelines,concentrated superior resources,assigned tasks to individuals,and created an"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format"forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era.The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals,discipline frame-work,scientific research,talent cultivation,discipline team and platform construction,forming a rela-tively complete discipline construction and management system,and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of B7-H5 in patients with chro-nic hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the serum levels of B7-H5 in 104 patients with chronic hepatitis B,28 patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma and 35 healthy controls.And statistical methods were used to analyze the difference,correlation and diagnostic value of the results.Results The serum levels of B7-H5 in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma,patients with chronic hepatitis B and healthy subjects were statistically different(P＜0.05),and the level from high to low was HBV-related liver cancer patients,chronic hepatitis B patients,healthy subjects.The serum level of B7-H5 in chronic hepatitis B pa-tients with negative HBV-DNA was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects(P＜0.01).The level of B7-H5 in patients with chronic hepatitis B was positively correlated with HBV-DNA load(P＜0.05).And the level of B7-H5 in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma was positively correlated with HBsAg,HBeAg and AFP levels(P＜0.05).In addition,B7-H5 had diagnostic value for chronic hepatitis B and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma(P＜0.01),and the diagnostic value for HBV-related hepatocellular carcino-ma was higher than that for chronic hepatitis B.The level of B7-H5 in patients with HBV-related hepatocellu-lar carcinoma after surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery(P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum levels of B7-H5 is related to the progression of CHB and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma,and can be considered as an effective detection index for the auxiliary diagnosis and the judgment of postoperative condi-tion of CHB and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the prevalence and risk factors of military training-related abdominal injuries and help plan and conduct training properly. METHODS: This questionnaire survey study was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 among military personnel from 6 military units and 8 military medical centers and participants' medical records were consulted to identify the training-related abdominal injuries. All the military personnel who ever participated in military training were included. Those who refused to participate in this study or provided an incomplete questionnaire were excluded. The questionnaire collected demographic information, type of abdominal injury, frequency, training subjects, triggers, treatment, and training disturbance. Chi-square test and t-test were used to compare baseline information. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with military training-related abdominal injuries. RESULTS: A total of 3058 participants were involved in this study, among which 1797 (58.8%) had suffered training-related abdominal injuries (the mean age was 24.3 years and the service time was 5.6 years), while 1261 (41.2%) had no training-related abdominal injuries (the mean age was 23.1 years and the service time was 4.3 years). There were 546 injured patients (30.4%) suspended the training and 84 (4.6%) needed to be referred to higher-level hospitals. The most common triggers included inadequate warm-up, fatigue, and intense training. The training subjects with the most abdominal injuries were long-distance running (589, 32.8%). Civil servants had the highest rate of abdominal trauma (17.1%). Age ≥ 25 years, military service ≥ 3 years, poor sleep status, and previous abdominal history were independent risk factors for training-related abdominal injury. CONCLUSION More than half of the military personnel have suffered military training-related abdominal injuries. Inadequate warm-up, fatigue, and high training intensity are the most common inducing factors. Scientific and proper training should be conducted according to the factors causing abdominal injuries.
Humans ; Military Personnel ; Risk Factors ; Prevalence ; Male ; Abdominal Injuries/etiology* ; Female ; Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult