Panax species are mostly valuable medicinal plants. While some species' seeds are sensitive to dehydration, the dehydration tolerance of seeds from other Panax species remains unclear. The phospholipase D(PLD) gene plays an important role in plant responses to dehydration stress. However, the characteristics of the PLD gene family and their mechanisms of response to dehydration stress in seeds of Panax species with different dehydration tolerances are not well understood. This study used seeds from eight Panax species to measure the germination rates and PLD activity after dehydration and to analyze the correlation between dehydration tolerance and seed traits. Bioinformatics analysis was also conducted to characterize the PnPLD and PvPLD gene families and to evaluate their expression patterns under dehydration stress. The dehydration tolerance of Panax seeds was ranked from high to low as follows: P. ginseng, P. zingiberensis, P. quinquefolius, P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, P. japonicus var. angustifolius, P. japonicus, P. notoginseng, and P. stipuleanatus. A significant negative correlation was found between dehydration tolerance and seed shape(three-dimensional variance), with flatter seeds exhibiting stronger dehydration tolerance(r=-0.792). Eighteen and nineteen PLD members were identified in P. notoginseng and P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, respectively. These members were classified into five isoforms: α, β, γ, δ, and ζ. The gene structures, subcellular localization, physicochemical properties, and other characteristics of PnPLD and PvPLD were similar. Both promoters contained regulatory elements associated with plant growth and development, hormone responses, and both abiotic and biotic stress. During dehydration, the PLD enzyme activity in P. notoginseng seeds gradually increased as the water content decreased, whereas in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, PLD activity first decreased and then increased. The expression of PLDα and PLDδ in P. notoginseng seeds initially increased and then decreased, whereas in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus, the expression of PLDα and PLDδ consistently decreased. In conclusion, the dehydration tolerance of Panax seeds showed a significant negative correlation with seed shape. The dehydration tolerance in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus and dehydration sensitivity of P. notoginseng seeds may be related to differences in PLD enzyme activity and the expression of PLDα and PLDδ genes. This study provided the first systematic comparison of dehydration tolerance in Panax seeds and analyzed the causes of tolerance differences and the optimal water content for long-term storage at ultra-low temperatures, thus providing a theoretical basis for the short-term and ultra-low temperature long-term storage of medicinal plant seeds with varying dehydration tolerances.
Seeds/metabolism* ; Panax/physiology* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phospholipase D/metabolism* ; Plants, Medicinal/enzymology* ; Germination ; Multigene Family ; Water/metabolism* ; Dehydration ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of single-balloon and double-balloon enteroscopy in diagnosing pediatric small bowel diseases and assess the diagnostic efficacy of computed tomography enterography (CTE) for small bowel diseases using enteroscopy as the reference standard. METHODS: Clinical data from 576 children who underwent enteroscopy at Hunan Children's Hospital between January 2017 and December 2023 were retrospectively collected. The children were categorized based on enteroscopy type into the single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) group (n=457) and double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) group (n=119), and the clinical data were compared between the two groups. The sensitivity and specificity of CTE for diagnosing small bowel diseases were evaluated using enteroscopy results as the standard. RESULTS: Among the 576 children, small bowel lesions were detected by enteroscopy in 274 children (47.6%).There was no significant difference in lesion detection rates or complication rates between the SBE and DBE groups (P>0.05), but the DBE group had deeper insertion, longer procedure time, and higher complete small bowel examination rate (P<0.05). The complication rate during enteroscopy was 4.3% (25/576), with 18 cases (3.1%) of mild complications and 7 cases (1.2%) of severe complications, which improved with symptomatic treatment, surgical, or endoscopic intervention. Among the 412 children who underwent CTE, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing small bowel diseases were 44.4% and 71.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS SBE and DBE have similar diagnostic efficacy for pediatric small bowel diseases, but DBE is preferred for suspected deep small bowel lesions and comprehensive small bowel examination. Enteroscopy in children demonstrates relatively good overall safety. CTE demonstrates relatively low sensitivity but comparatively high specificity for diagnosing small bowel diseases.
Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Double-Balloon Enteroscopy/statistics & numerical data* ; Single-Balloon Enteroscopy/statistics & numerical data* ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Operative Time ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Intestine, Small/surgery* ; Intestinal Diseases/surgery*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and integrate evidence on the management of sleep disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Literature was retrieved based on the 6S model, and evidence related to sleep disorder management in children with ADHD was extracted from the included references. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were included, from which 16 pieces of evidence were extracted. Of these, 6 were classified as Level 1 evidence and 10 as Level 5. The evidence covered screening, assessment, non-pharmacological interventions, pharmacological interventions, follow-up, and multidisciplinary collaboration. CONCLUSIONS This study integrated evidence on the management of sleep disorders in children with ADHD using an evidence-based approach, providing an evidence-based foundation for managing sleep disorders in this population.
Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications* ; Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology* ; Child ; Evidence-Based Medicine

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Tongxie yaofang （TXYF） on the symptoms of rats with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea （IBS-D） by regulating colonic tryptophan hydroxylase 1 （TPH1）， serotonin transporter （SERT） and intestinal flora. METHODS Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into control group （7 rats） and modeling group （35 rats）. In modeling group， rat model of IBS-D was established by intragastrical administration of 0.45 g/L senna leaf solution [10 mL/（kg·d）] combined with chronic unpredictable stimulation. Thirty-five successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group， pinaverium bromide group [15 mg/（kg·d）] and TXYF low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups [3.75、7.5、15 g/（kg·d）， calculated by crude drug]， with 7 rats in each group. Each administration group was orally administered the corresponding drug， once a day， for 10 consecutive days. The general condition and weight changes of each group of rats were compared before modeling， after modeling and before administration， after the last drug intervention； the diarrhea index and visceral sensitivity were detected， and pathological changes of colon tissue were observed after modeling and before administration， after the last drug intervention. The level and expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， protein and mRNA expressions of TPH1 and SERT were determined in colon tissue. The diversity and structural changes of fecal intestinal flora of rats were analyzed. RESULTS There was no significant change in colon histopathology in each group. Compared with model group， the general condition of rats in each medication group improved. The daily body weight gain of rats was significantly increased， while diarrhea index， visceral sensitivity， the expressions of 5-HT and TPH1 in colon tissue were significantly decreased； SERT expression of colon tissue was significantly increased in TXYF medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The diarrhea index， colon TPH1 protein expression and colon 5-HT protein positive rate in the TXYF low-dose group decreased while the mRNA expression of SERT increased significantly （P＜0.05）. There was a dose- dependent trend in the effect of TXYF. Compared with model group， Chao1 index and Shannon index of the rats in TXYF high- dose group were significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， the beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes and Lactobacillus increased significantly， while the pathogenic bacteria such as Proteobacteria， Escherichia-Shigella and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_ group decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS TXYF can decrease the level of 5-HT and improve intestinal flora disorder by inhibiting the expression of TPH1 and up-regulating the expression of SERT in colon tissue， thus promoting the symptoms of IBS-D rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of catalpol(CAT)on necrotic apoptosis in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)rats.Methods Rat AMI model was constructed by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery.Sixty SPF grade SD male rats were randomly grouped into sham surgery group(Sham group),AMI model group(Model group),low-dose CAT group(CAT-L group,30 mg·kg-1 CAT),high-dose CAT group(CAT-H group,60 mg·kg-1 CAT),and high-dose CAT+RIP1 activator recombinant RIP1 group(CAT-H+rRIP1 group,60 mg·kg-1 CAT+8 μg·kg-1 rRIP1),12 in each group.CAT was administered by gavage once a day for a total of 4 weeks.Recombinant RIP1 was administered via tail vein injection and the next day for a total of 4 weeks.Sham group and Model group were given equal amounts of physiological saline by gavage and tail vein injection,respectively.The CAT-L group and CAT-H group were injected with physiological saline via the tail vein the next day while receiving gastric lavage.TUNEL staining was applied to observe the apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes.Western Blot was applied to detect the expression of RIP1/RIP3/MLKL signaling pathway related proteins in rat myocardial tissue.Results The apoptosis rates of myocardial cells in the sham group,model group,CAT-L group,CAT-H group,and CAT-H+rRIP1 group were(4.23±0.63)％,(33.48±3.94)％,(13.50±1.86)％,and(29.62±3.08)％,respectively;the expression levels of RIP1 protein in myocardial tissue were 0.21±0.02,0.86±0.09,0.43±0.04,and 0.72±0.07,respectively;the expression levels of RIP3 protein were 0.30±0.03,0.94±0.09,0.49±0.05,and 0.83±0.08,respectively;the phosphorylation levels of MLKL protein were 0.35±0.04,1.13±0.11,0.64±0.06,and 0.97±0.10,respectively.The above indexes in Model group were compared with those in Sham group,and those in CAT-H group were compared with those in Model group and CAT-H+rRIP1 group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion CAT may inhibit necrotic apoptosis of myocardial cells in AMI rats by down-regulating the RIP1/RIP3/MLKL signaling pathway.

Objective:To screen interleukin(IL)-1β secretion-related membrane transporters by macrophage experiment in vitro and conventional knockout mice.Methods:THP-1 cell line was differentiated to obtain human THP-1-derived macrophages,and the primary macrophages were obtained from human peripheral blood.FVB wild-type mice with the same sex and age were used as the controls of MRP1 knockout mice.The macrophages in abdominal cavity and bone marrow of mice were cultivated.The cells were treated with ABCC1/MRP1,ABCG2/BCRP,ABCB1/P-gp,OATP1B1,and MATE transporter inhibitors,then stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate.The secretion level of IL-iβ was detected by ELISA,Western blot,and immunofluorescence.Results:After inhibiting ABCC1/MRP1 transporter,the secretion of IL-1β decreased significantly,while inhibition of the other 4 transporters had no effect.In animal experiment,the level of IL-1 β secreted by macrophages in bone marrow of MRP1 knockout mice was significantly lower than control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:ABCC1/MRP1 transporter is a newly discovered IL-1β secretion pathway,which is expected to become a new target for solving clinical problems such as cytokine release syndrome.

Background/Aims: Oral EDP-514 is a potent core protein inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, which produced a >4-log viral load reduction in HBV-infected chimeric mice with human liver cells. This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of three doses of EDP-514 in treatment-naive viremic patients with HBeAgpositive or -negative chronic HBV infection. Methods: Patients with HBsAg detectable at screening and at least 6 months previously were eligible. HBeAg-positive and -negative patients had a serum/plasma HBV DNA level ≥20,000 and ≥2,000 IU/mL, respectively. Twenty-five patients were randomized to EDP-514 200 (n=6), 400 (n=6) or 800 mg (n=7) or placebo (n=6) once daily for 28 days. Results: A dose-related increase in EDP-514 exposure (AUClast and Cmax) was observed across doses. At Day 28, mean reductions in HBV DNA were –2.9, –3.3, –3.5 and –0.2 log10 IU/mL with EDP-514 200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. The corresponding mean change from baseline for HBV RNA levels was –2.9, –2.4, –2.0, and –0.02 log10 U/mL. No virologic failures were observed. No clinically meaningful changes from baseline were observed for HBsAg, HBeAg or HBcrAg. Nine patients reported treatment emergent adverse events of mild or moderate severity with no discontinuations, serious AEs or deaths. Conclusions In treatment-naïve viremic patients, oral EDP-514 was generally safe and well-tolerated, displayed PK profile supportive of once-daily dosing, and markedly reduced HBV DNA and HBV RNA.

Objective: To compare the differences to determine resting energy expenditure (REE) measured with indirect calorimetry and REE predicted by formula method and body composition analyzer in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the implementation of precision nutrition intervention. Methods: Patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who were admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from April 2020 to December 2020 were collected. REE was determined by the body composition analyzer and the H-B formula method. Results: were analyzed and compared to REE measured by the metabolic cart. Results A total of 57 cases with liver cirrhosis were included in this study. Among them, 42 were male, aged (47.93 ± 8.62) years, and 15 were female aged (57.20 ± 11.34) years. REE measured value in males was (1 808.14 ± 201.47) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). REE measured value in females was (1 496.60 ± 131.28) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.016 and 0.004, respectively). REE measured with the metabolic cart had correlation with age and area of visceral fat in men (P = 0.021) and women (P = 0.037). Conclusion: Metabolic cart use will be more accurate to obtain resting energy expenditure in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis. Body composition analyzer and formula method may underestimate REE predictions. Simultaneously, it is suggested that the effect of age on REE in H-B formula should be fully considered for male patients, while the area of visceral fat may have a certain impact on the interpretation of REE in female patients.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Energy Metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism* ; Calorimetry, Indirect/methods* ; Hospitalization

In line with the significant changes in disease spectrum, the wound healing discipline in China has shown a good momentum of development from budding to rapid growth. At present, improving the connotation of disciplinary development determines the speed and quality of disciplinary development in the future. The characteristics of wound diseases determine that the wound healing discipline must have the following property: standardization, integration, and translation. Here is the initial introduction on the connotation of standardization, collaboration, and translation in clinical practice of wound healing discipline. Besides, the discussions on standardization, integration, and translation in the 13 th National Conference of Wound Repair (Healing) and Tissue Regeneration were summarized. It is expected that these achievements can be reflected and improved in the construction of the wound healing discipline in China.

As a recognized rare and highly fatal disease, hereditary angioedema (HAE) is difficult to diagnose and characterized by recurrent edema involving the head, limbs, genitals and larynx, etc. Diagnosis of HAE is not difficult. However, low incidence and lack of clinical characteristics lead to difficulty of doctors on timely diagnosis and correct intervention for HAE patients. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the awareness of this disease and prevent its recurrence. for HAE patients. In view of absent cognition of doctors and the general public on HAE, patients often suffer from sudden death or become disabled due to laryngeal edema which cannot be treated in time. Thus, based on the Internet mobile terminal platform, the team set up an all-day rapid emergency response system which is provided for HAE patients by setting up "one-click help". The aim is to offer optimization on overall management of HAE and designed the intelligent follow-up management to provide timely assistance and specialized suggestion for patients with acute attacks.
Humans ; Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapy*