Aim To observe the role of salvianolic acid B(Sal B)in enhancing the survival of random skin flaps and to preliminarily explore its potential mecha-nisms.Methods The appearance,degree of edema,color and hair condition of the skin flap were evaluated seven days after operation.The vascular network and blood flow of random flaps were measured by laser Doppler flow measurement.HE staining was used to detect the growth of microvessels in random flaps.The expressions of VEGF and CD34 were detected by im-munohistochemistry,the expressions of RIPK1,2 and LC3 Ⅱ were detected by immunofluorescence,and the effects of autophagy related proteins and signaling path-ways were detected by Western blot.Results The ex-perimental results showed that Sal B induced autophagy in the random skin flaps,promoted angiogenesis,and reduced oxidative stress and necrotic apoptosis,signifi-cantly increasing the survival rate of the flaps.Immu-nohistochemistry,immunofluorescence staining,and Western blot confirmed that Sal B induced autophagy in the random skin flaps by activating TFE3 protein.Conclusion Sal B can promote autophagy in cells of random skin flaps and reduce their necrotic apoptosis by activating TFE3 protein.

ObjectiveTo explore the guidance value of “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory in the prevention and treatment of corona virus disease 2019（COVID-19） based on the differences of syndromes and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatments in COVID-19 patients from Xingtai Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Hebei province and Ruili Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Dai Medicine of Yunnan province and discuss its significance in the prevention and treatment of the unexpected acute infectious diseases. MethodDemographics data and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients from the two hospitals were collected retrospectively and analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The information on formulas was obtained from the hospital information system （HIS） of the two hospitals and analyzed by the big data intelligent processing and knowledge service system of Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine for frequency statistics and association rules analysis. Heat map-hierarchical clustering analysis was used to explore the correlation between clinical characteristics and formulas. ResultA total of 175 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The 70 patients in Xingtai，dominated by young and middle-aged males，had clinical symptoms of fever， abnormal sweating，and fatigue. The main pathogenesis is stagnant cold-dampness in the exterior and impaired yin by depressed heat， with manifest cold， dampness， and deficiency syndromes. The therapeutic methods highlight relieving exterior syndrome and resolving dampness， accompanied by draining depressed heat. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Armeniacae Semen Amarum，Gypsum Fibrosum，Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，and Pogostemonis Herba. By contrast，the 105 patients in Ruili， dominated by young females， had atypical clinical symptoms， and most of them were asymptomatic patients or mild cases. The main pathogenesis is dampness obstructing the lung and the stomach， with obvious dampness and heat syndromes. The therapeutic methods are mainly invigorating the spleen， resolving dampness， and dispersing Qi with light drugs. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，Coicis Semen，Platycodonis Radix，Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， and Pogostemonis Herba. ConclusionThe differences in clinical characteristics， TCM syndromes， and medication of COVID-19 patients from the two places may result from different regions，population characteristics， and the time point of the COVID-19 outbreak. The “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory can help to understand the internal correlation and guide the treatments.

Objective: To analyze anemia prevalence and its influencing factors of students involved in the Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2019. Methods: From the 2019 surveillance system of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students, 47 297 primary and middle school students aged 6-17 were included in the study. Hemoglobin level was tested according to the criteria of WHO 2011. Anemia prevalence of different genders, ages, and regions was analyzed. Results: The average hemoglobin level was 135.19 g/L, with the prevalence of anemia as 8.7% in the children aged 6-17. The prevalence of anemia was 10.0% in girls, higher than that in boys (7.4%). The prevalence rates in western and central areas were 9.8% and 7.1%, respectively. From northwest, southwest, central and south, east, north to northeast areas of China, the anemia rate appeared gradually decreasing (10.2%, 9.7%, 8.3%, 7.5%, 5.7% and 3.5%). The anemia prevalence rates were 8.0%, 8.3%, and 10.9% in children from the 6-, 11-, and 14-17 years age groups, respectively. Logistic regression models revealed that students from schools not using catering software (OR=1.482, 95%CI:1.296-1.694,P<0.001), schools not serving lunch (OR=1.241, 95%CI:1.103-1.395,P<0.001), and from relatively low-income families (OR=1.297, 95%CI:1.211-1.389, P<0.001) showed as risk factors for anemia. After supplementing students' dietary factors, the results showed that students who ate meat three or more times a week had a lower risk of anemia (OR=0.907, 95%CI:0.832-0.989, P=0.026). Conclusions: The Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students had an essential impact on improving the anemia prevalence of primary and middle school students. Family income, school location, economic factors, school feeding, and students' diet programs all impacted the prevalence of anemia.
Anemia/epidemiology* ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Students

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe frequency and quantity of total dairy consumption of Chinese children and adolescents and explore the associations between dairy consumption and nutrition status, including stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity. METHODS: Participants included 28,250 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including 100 kinds of food was used to collect information about frequency and quantity of dairy consumption. Determination of stunting was with a height cutoff value for age and gender, and determination for wasting, overweight, and obesity was with BMI for age and gender. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 36.1% of children aged 6-17 reported consuming dairy food more than once per day (⪖ 1/day). The average total dairy intake of all the participants was 126.7 g/day. For boys, dairy consumption had an inverse correlation with stunting and wasting after controlling for confounders. For girls, dairy consumption was negatively associated with stunting and obesity after controlling for confounders as above. CONCLUSION Dairy consumption in Chinese children and adolescents was relatively lower than that in developed countries, and was negatively associated with stunting and wasting for boys and with stunting and obesity for girls.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Dairy Products ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Growth Disorders ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology ; Wasting Syndrome ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: We provided baseline data for oral public health through epidemiological surveys to investigate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment proportion in 12- to 14-year-old adolescents in Jiangxi province, China. METHODS: Multi-stage random cluster sampling was used. A total of 5 387 12- to 14-year-old adolescents were examined by three professional dentists according to Angle's classification of malocclusion. The subjects were recruited from 30 secondary schools in five counties in Jiangxi Province. Results were statistically analyzed by SPSS19.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of malocclusion was 79.67% among adolescents aged 12-14 years in Jiangxi province. The composition ratios of ClassⅠ, Class Ⅱ Division 1, Class Ⅱ Division 2, and Class Ⅲ malocclusion were 30.96%, 16.36%, 12.78%, and 19.13% respectively. ClassⅠmalocclusion had the highest composition ratio, and the most common clinical manifestation of malocclusion was dentition crowding with a prevalence of 91.30%. The prevalence rate of malocclusion was higher in boys than in girls at 81.16% and 78.21%, respectively (P<0.05). This condition had different prevalence rates in Nanchang, Yichun, Jiujiang, Shangrao, and Ganzhou (P<0.05) with the highest in Nanchang and lowest in Ganzhou. Malocclusion was related to caries, and its prevalence rate was higher in patients with caries than in those without caries (P<0.05). The orthodontic rate of malocclusion was 2.63%, and the value was higher for girls than that for boys (P<0.05). The rate of orthodontic in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with local and international findings on malocclusion of adolescents, high prevalence and low orthodontic rate were found in Jiangxi province. Strengthening the combination of prevention and treatment is important for the physical and mental health of adolescents. We should actively conduct oral health education, popularize the knowledge of malocclusion, and actively treat caries.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Dental Caries ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Prevalence

Herpes zoster is a kind of acute viral infection caused by varicella zoster virus.The postherpetic neuralgia is the main complication of herpes zoster.Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia cause huge disease burden and economic burden in the world. In this paper, we reviewed the epidemiological characters and economic burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia based on the latest studies,and provided a new research direction for prevention and treatment for our country.

Objective To explore the effects of sulfentanil on the per-centage of β1 -band power of quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalo-graphy ( QPEEG ) in rabbits, and its relationship with opioid recep-tor.Methods Thirty-six healthy rabbits were divided randomly into six groups(n=6):normal group (0.9%NaCl 1 mL? kg-1), low, medium, high doses sulfentanil groups ( 1.5 , 3 , 6 μg? kg -1 ) , naloxone group (400 μg? kg-1 ) and naloxone and sulfentanil group ( naloxone 400μg? kg -1 and sulfentanil 3 μg? kg-1 ) .The percentage of each band power was respectively noted down 30 s before administration and 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 25 min after administration.Results Compared with the baseline, the percentage ofβ1 -band power was decreased in the groups of medium, high doses sulfentanil ( P <0.05 ) , which had a negative correlation with sulfentanil dose ( P <0.05 ) . There was no obvious change in the percentage of β1 -band power in the group of naloxone compared with the baseline ( P >0.05 ) .Conclusion Sulfentanil de-creases the percentage ofβ1 -band power in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect is mediated by the opioid receptor.

Objective To investigate the effects of flurbiprofen axetil on percentage of each band power of quantitative pharmaco -electroence-hphalography ( QPEEG ) in rabbits.Methods Twenty -four healthy rabbits were randomly divided into four groups ( n =6 ): 0.9%NaCl 1 mL· kg -1 group, flurbiprofen axetil 5, 10, and 20 mg · kg -1 groups.The QPEEG and power spectral analysis were adopted to analyze the changes of brain electrical activities before and after the intravenous in-jection of flurbiprofen axetil.Results Compared with the baseline , the percentages of each encephalic region and band power had no significant differences in these four groups ( P>0.05 ).Conclusion Flurbiprofen axetil has no obvious effect on percentage of each band power of quantita-tive pharmaco-electroencephalography in rabbits , suggesting that its site of action is not in the cerebral cortex.It is quite different from the opioid analgesics.

Objective Modeling HAdV-3 infect Hep-2 cells in vitro.The effect of realgar nanoparticles on the expression of HAdV-3 is detected by using fluorescent quantitative PCR.Method The experiment is divided into four groups:Hep-2 cells control group,HAdV-3 virus control group,realgar nanoparticle group and ribavirin group.In order to detect HAdV-3 viral load,add realgar nanoparticles and ribavirin in vitro and remain that vitro for 24 hours when HAdV-3 has infected Hep-2 cells,extract total DNA of Hep-2 cells infected by HAdV-3,and establish Real-time PCR reaction system of every experimental groups.Result The Hep-2 cells group has no amplification curve,the Ct value is greater than 35,which illustrate HAdV-3 pathogen detection is negative.However,realgar nanoparticles group,ribavirin group and the HAdV-3 group have amplification curve,the Ct values are 29.30 ± 0.08,33.05 ± 1.29,26.01 ± 0.25 respectively,which illustrate HAdV-3 pathogen detection is positive.The viral copy amount of the adenovirus group(66 699 932 ±23.85) is more than that of realgar nanoparticles group (912 435.44 ± 16.57),and much greater than that of ribavirin group(459 124.84 ± 12.82) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The model of Hep-2 cell infected by HAdV-3 is reliable.The method of quantitative PCR is sensitive and specific.Realgar nanoparticles have a certain inhibition role for adenovirus nucleic acid replication.

Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Norovirus ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology