Objective To explore the relationship between PANoptosis and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), and to screen the key genes of PANoptosis in HIRI. Methods PANoptosis-related differentially expressed genes (PDG) were obtained through the Gene Expression Omnibus database and GeneCards database. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to explore the biological pathways related to PDG. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Key genes were selected, and their diagnostic value was assessed and validated in the HIRI mice. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed based on the cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts. Results A total of 16 PDG were identified. GO analysis showed that PDG were closely related to cellular metabolism. KEGG analysis indicated that PDG were mainly enriched in cellular death pathways such as apoptosis and immune-related signaling pathways such as the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. GSEA results showed that key genes were mainly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Two key genes, DFFB and TNFSF10, were identified with high accuracy in diagnosing HIRI, with areas under the curve of 0.964 and 1.000, respectively. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the control group had more infiltration of resting natural killer cells, M2 macrophages, etc., while the HIRI group had more infiltration of M0 macrophages, neutrophils, and naive B cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that compared with the Sham group, the relative expression of DFFB messenger RNA in liver tissue of HIRI group mice increased, and the relative expression of TNFSF10 messenger RNA decreased. Cibersort analysis showed that the infiltration abundance of naive B cells was positively correlated with DFFB expression (r=0.70, P=0.035), and the infiltration abundance of M2 macrophages was positively correlated with TNFSF10 expression (r=0.68, P=0.045). Conclusions PANoptosis-related genes DFFB and TNFSF10 may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HIRI.

[Objective] To explore the key factors affecting the efficiency and safety of hematopoietic stem cell apheresis. [Methods] The clinical data of 59 healthy donors who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell donation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The number of CD34⁺ cells was used to evaluate the eligibility of stem cell collection. The effects of donor gender, age, patient weight, as well as the number of WBC, MNC, RBC, Hb, HCT, PLT, CD34⁺ cells, CD34⁺ percentage and instrument operating parameters on collection efficiency were analyzed. [Results] A total of 59 donors were enrolled, and 68 occasions of stem cell apheresis were performed, with a qualified collection rate of 56%. Donor gender, age, patient weight, total blood circulation volume, anticoagulant dosage, collection time, calcium gluconate dosage and RBC, Hb, HCT levels were not significantly correlated with the collection effect (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of MNC cells, CD34⁺ cells and stem cell product volume were the key factors affecting the efficiency and safety. A total of 12 donors had mild adverse reactions during the collection process, and all of them were improved after treatment. [Conclusion] Optimizing apheresis strategy based on the three factors of MNC, WBC count and stem cell product volume on the day of collection will help to achieve high-quality collection and improve the success rate of transplantation.

Pulmonary disease is one of the major threats to human health. However, the current clinical treatment drugs for lung diseases generally have problems such as low lung delivery efficiency, fast clearance rate and obvious toxic side effects. Recently, membrane biomimetic nanocarriers have attracted more and more attention. Due to their advantages of high targeting, long cycle time, good biocompatibility and strong immune escape ability, membrane biomimetic nanocarriers have become a major research hotspot in targeted therapy of lung diseases. In this review, we discuss the main preparation methods of membrane biomimetic nanoparticles, the characteristics of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers from different cell sources and their application in the targeted therapy of lung diseases. At the same time, according to the characteristics of different membranes, the shortcomings, current technical limitations and future prospects are discussed. This review is expected to provide references for the design of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers and their potential applications in the treatment of lung diseases.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Histone deacetylases(HDACs)can deacetylate histones,leading to tighter DNA binding,and thereby playing a role in inhibiting gene transcription.On the contrary,histone deacetylase inhibitors(HDACis)can promote chromatin relaxation,enabling various transcription factors to bind specifically to DNA and activate transcription genes.Dental stem cells(DSCs)are human adult stem cells.These cells have the characteristics of less damage and low immune rejection during sampling,and are especially important seed cells in the process of osteogenesis,odontogenesis and other differentiation.A large number of experimental studies have shown that HDACs and HDACis together play important roles in cell division and differentiation,signal transduction,regulation of cellular inflammation and other life processes.This review summarizes the research progress of HDACs and HDACis in regulating osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of DSCs,aiming to provide insights into the study of the interaction between HDACs and HDACis,and potentially guide clinical application of DSCs in the treatment of tooth and bone injury.

OBJECTIVE To ascertain the substance benchmarks of the classic prescription Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction(HGWD),examine the quantitative value transfer throughout the entire process of HGWD,from herb pieces to decoction,concentrated solution and finally freeze-dried powder,and provide a valuable reference for the preparation method and scientific evaluation of bench-mark samples of classic prescriptions containing volatile substances.METHODS According to the Key information table of Ancient Classic Prescriptions(25 prescriptions)released by China,15 batches of HGWD were prepared.The multi-index content determination and characteristic chromatogram analysis methods were established,and the characteristic peak attribution and similarity evaluation were carried out.The multi-index contents of HGWD and its freeze-dried powder were investigated and compared,and the quantitative value transfer in the preparation process of decoction-concentrated solution-freeze-dried powder was analyzed.The physical form of the benchmark samples were scientifically and reasonably determined,and the content and transfer rate range of each component in the HGWD benchmark samples were determined,and the HGWD substance benchmarks were established.RESULTS The contents of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl alcohol in HGWD decreased significantly during the concentration and drying process,and the other in-dex components could be transferred more completely between the decoction,concentrated solution and freeze-dried powder.The simi-larity of the characteristic chromatograms of 15 batches of HGWD benchmark samples were all over 0.9,and 8 characteristic peaks were identified,which were from Paeoniae γadix Alba,Cinnamomi γamulus and Ginger.The paste-forming rate ranged from 8.0%to 11.0%.The content of Astragaloside Ⅳ was 0.04%-0.07%and the transfer rate was 9.0%-18.0%.The content of paeoniflorin was 1.5%-3.0%and the transfer rate was 33.0%-62.0%.The content of cinnamyl alcohol was 0.02%-0.04%,and the transfer rate was 25.0%-47.0%.The content of cinnamic aldehyde was 0.02%-0.05%and the transfer rate was 0.7%-1.5%.The content of cinnamic acid was 0.03%-0.06%and the transfer rate was 17.5%-34.0%.The content of 6-gingerol was 0.04%-0.08%and the transfer rate was 7.0%-14.0%.CONCLUSION The physical form of the decoction as the HGWD benchmark sample is deter-mined,which provides reference for the scientific selection of the physical form of the benchmark sample of classic prescriptions contai-ning volatile substances.The quality indexes of HGWD substance benchmarks are established,and the quantitative value transfer is an-alyzed,which provides the basis for the development of the classic prescription compound preparation.

  Objective  To explore the mechanism of Wnt5a on keratinocyte involved in the peripheral sensitization of complex regional pain syndrome type-Ⅰ (CRPS-Ⅰ) by regulating the expression of MMP9, and search for potential therapeutic strategies.  Methods  Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R). The early stage of mitochondrial damage and membrane potential changes after OGD/R and the effects of Box5 (Wnt5a inhibitor) at different concentrations (20 μmol/L, 40 μmol/L) on MMP9 were explored. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Control group(n=8), CPIP group (n=8), Box5 (20) group (n=8) and Box5 (40) group (n=8). The rat chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) model was established to mimic the pathophysiological process of CRPS-Ⅰ. Box5 (20) group and Box5 (40) group were treated with intraplantar injection of 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L Box5 100 μL, respectively. The changes of mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were measured within two weeks, and the skin inflammatory infiltration and keratosis were observed by HE staining. The expression of MMP9 was observed by immunofluorescence, and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in dorsal root ganglion of different groups were detected by ELISA.  Results  Vitro experiment: After OGD/R treatment, the mitochondrial atrophy was observed in OGD/R group under transmission electron microscope and the average fluorescence intensity of MMP9 was found to increase significantly (P<0.001). Compared with Control group, the mitochondrial membrane potential in OGD/R group decreased significantly by JC-1 detection (P=0.027). Compared with OGD/R group, only Box5 (40) group had a statistically significant increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (P=0.046). Animal experiment: Behavioral tests showed that the mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold of CPIP group were significantly decreased at each time point (D1, D2, D4, D10, D14) (all P<0.05). HE staining indicated that there was a large-scale infiltration of inflammatory cell in the dermis and excessive keratosis in the epidermis, and the thickness of stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum increased significantly (P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the expression of MMP9 in CPIP group was significantly increased (P<0.001). Compared with CPIP group, the fluorescence intensity of MMP9 in Box5 (20) group (P=0.002) and Box5 (40) group (P<0.001) were significantly decreased. ELISA results showed that the concentrations of IL-1β (P=0.048) and TNF-α (P=0.002) in CPIP group were significantly increased. Compared with CPIP group, the concentrations of IL-1β (P=0.047) and TNF-α (P=0.047) were significantly decreased in Box5 (40) group.  Conclusions  Peripheral ischemia reperfusion injury leads to overexpression of MMP9 on keratinocytes, resulting in CRPS-Ⅰ peripheral sensitization. Targeted inhibition of Wnt5a/MMP9 pathway can reverse pain behavior in rat model of CPIP, thus providing a strategy for clinical treatment of chronic pain.

  Objective  To elucidate whether coffee consumption and caffeine intake was associated with various subtypes of pain based on extensive data from publicly accessible databases.  Methods  The information was extracted from three cycles of the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999—2000, 2001—2002, 2003—2004), encompassing data on coffee consumption, pain information, and 11 covariates (including age, gender, race, etc.). Multinomial logistic regression in three models were utilized for analysis.  Results  A total of 13 428 participants were included in this study, with a mean age of (49.79±19.06)years and a male-to-female ratio of 0.9∶1. Daily coffee intake: non-drinker 7794(58.0%), > 0-2 cups 2077(15.5%), > 2 cups 3557(26.5%); daily caffeine intake: without intake 7794(58.0%), > 0-200 mg 3152(23.5%), > 200 mg 2482(18.5%); pain situation: no pain or pain duration < 24 h 10 202(76.0%), acute pain 910(6.8%), subacute pain 369(2.7%), chronic pain 1947(14.5%). After weighting, 13 428 participants were expected to represent 190 million(190 709 157) U.S. citizens aged ≥20 years, and the overall prevalence of acute, subacute, and chronic pain in the U.S. population during that period was estimated to be 8%, 3%, and 16%, respectively. Without adjusting for covariates, individuals who consumed more than 2 cups of coffee or 200 mg of caffeine per day exhibited an elevated risk of chronic pain compared to non-coffee/caffeine drinkers, with an odds ratio of 1.354(95% CI: 1.187-1.544) and 1.372(95% CI: 1.185-1.587), respectively. After adjusting for partial covariates including age, sex, and race, individuals who consumed more than 2 cups of coffee or more than 200 mg of caffeine per day still demonstrated an increased risk of chronic pain with an odds ratio of 1.243(95% CI: 1.083-1.427) and 1.249 (95% CI: 1.072-1.456), respectively. However, after all covariates were adjusted, there was no significant association between coffee/caffeine consumption and chronic pain. Furthermore, the number of cups of coffee consumed or caffeine intake showed no significant correlation with acute and subacute pain.  Conclusions  Compared with nondrinkers, heavy daily coffee drinkers may be more likely to have chronic pain, but it is affected by multiple factors. Basic research and prospective clinical studies are needed to further determine the causality in this association.

Pediatric malocclusion is common in dentistry.Some children with malocclusion combined with obstruc-tive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)often fail to receive appropriate treatment due to a lack of multidisci-plinary diagnosis and treatment.It can cause abnormal ventilation during sleep,affecting the central nervous system and cardiovascular development and even causing neurological and behavioral problems.Pediatric OSAHS is caused by the narrowing of the upper respiratory tract,characterized by specific facial bone characteristics and neuromuscular factors and correlated with malocclusion.Due to its diverse clinical manifestations and etiology,the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric OSAHS require an interdisciplinary,personalized,and specialized approach.Questionnaires and physical ex-aminations can be used for preliminary screening.Moreover,children's stomatology and otorhinolaryngology examina-tions are the basis for disease diagnosis.Polysomnography(PSG)is currently the direct diagnostic method.There are var-ious treatment methods for OSAHS in children,and for OSAHS caused by adenoid tonsil hypertrophy,adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy are the main treatments.Othodontic treatment including mandibular advancement and rapid maxillary expansion et al is also effective for OSAHS in children with malocclusion.Currently,there is limited research on the cor-relation between childhood malocclusion and OSAHS,and multidisciplinary combination therapy may improve the cure rate,but there is a lack of sufficient evidence.In the future,the pathogenesis of OSAHS should be further elucidated,and research on multidisciplinary combination therapy should be promoted to achieve early intervention and treatment for potential and existing patients.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.