Based on the similarity of chemical constituents between Panax notoginseng flowers and rhizomes, this study investigated their lipid-lowering effects and impacts on the intestinal flora of rats. The main components of P. notoginseng flowers and rhizomes were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to compare their chemical similarities. A hyperlipidemia rat model was induced using a high-fat diet. After successful modeling, the rats were divided into the blank control group, blank administration group(0.090 g·kg~(-1)), model group, low-(0.045 g·kg~(-1)), medium-(0.090 g·kg~(-1)), high-dose(0.180 g·kg~(-1)) P. notoginseng flower group, P. notoginseng rhizome group(0.270 g·kg~(-1)), and simvastatin group(0.900 mg·kg~(-1)). After modeling, the rats were given intragastric administration for 3 weeks, once daily, while their body weight was recorded regularly. Before the last administration, fresh feces were collected for analysis of changes in intestinal flora using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. One hour after the last administration, the rats were anesthetized with 1% pentobarbital sodium, and blood was collected from the abdominal aorta. Serum biochemical indexes were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Organs(heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) were harvested, and organ index were calculated. Liver tissue pathology was assessed through HE staining and oil red O staining. The results indicated that there were 33 identical chemical constituents in P. notoginseng flowers and rhizomes, accounting for 75.00% of the total constituents. After treatment, high-dose P. notoginseng flower group and P. notoginseng rhizome group exhibited similar effects on body weight, serum biochemical indexes, and liver histopathological conditions. Compared with model control group, the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased in high-dose P. notoginseng flower and rhizome groups, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Thermodesulfobacteria decreased. Cluster analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. Both P. notoginseng flowers and rhizomes possess similar chemical components and lipid-lowering effects, and they can regulate the intestinal flora imbalance caused by hyperlipidemia, indicating their potential for use in hyperlipidemia treatment.
Animals ; Hyperlipidemias/microbiology* ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Rats ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Male ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of the Focused Solution Model Nursing intervention on quality of life, negative emotions of the patients with prostate cancer. Methods： A total of 82 prostate cancer patients who were diagnosed and treated at the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command between September 2022 and September 2024 were included and randomly divided into study group and control group by the method of random number table, with 41 patients in each group. The patients in the study group were treated with Focused Solution Model Nursing intervention. And the routine care was used in the control group The quality of life and negative emotions were compared between the two groups by using the scales of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF), HAMA and HAMD. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the patients in the study group exhibited significantly higher scores in the physiological, psychological, environmental, and social relationship domains of the WHOQOL-BREF scale (P<0.05). The scores of HAMA and HAMD in study group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, all subscales of the Social Impact Scale including social exclusion, internalized shame, social isolation and economic discrimination were significantly lower than those of the study group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Focused Solution Model Nursing intervention can effectively improve the quality of life and negative emotions of the prostate cancer patients in the clinical treatment.
Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Prostatic Neoplasms/nursing* ; Emotions ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Middle Aged

Extensive epigenetic reprogramming involves in memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation. The elaborate epigenetic rewiring underlying the heterogeneous functional states of CD8+ T cells remains hidden. Here, we profile single-cell chromatin accessibility and map enhancer-promoter interactomes to characterize the differentiation trajectory of memory CD8+ T cells. We reveal that under distinct epigenetic regulations, the early activated CD8+ T cells divergently originated for short-lived effector and memory precursor effector cells. We also uncover a defined epigenetic rewiring leading to the conversion from effector memory to central memory cells during memory formation. Additionally, we illustrate chromatin regulatory mechanisms underlying long-lasting versus transient transcription regulation during memory differentiation. Finally, we confirm the essential roles of Sox4 and Nrf2 in developing memory precursor effector and effector memory cells, respectively, and validate cell state-specific enhancers in regulating Il7r using CRISPR-Cas9. Our data pave the way for understanding the mechanism underlying epigenetic memory formation in CD8+ T-cell differentiation.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism* ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromatin/immunology* ; Animals ; Mice ; Immunologic Memory ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; SOXC Transcription Factors/immunology* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic

OBJECTIVE: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection frequently develop central nervous system damage, yet the mechanisms driving this pathology remain unclear. This study investigated the primary pathways and key factors underlying brain tissue damage induced by the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant (lineage B.1.351). METHODS: K18-hACE2 and C57BL/6 mice were intranasally infected with the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant. Viral replication, pathological phenotypes, and brain transcriptomes were analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to identify altered pathways. Expression changes of host genes were verified using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS: Pathological alterations were observed in the lungs of both mouse strains. However, only K18-hACE2 mice exhibited elevated viral RNA loads and infectious titers in the brain at 3 days post-infection, accompanied by neuropathological injury and weight loss. GO analysis of infected K18-hACE2 brain tissue revealed significant dysregulation of genes associated with innate immunity and antiviral defense responses, including type I interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor signaling components, and interferon-stimulated genes. Neuroinflammation was evident, alongside activation of apoptotic and pyroptotic pathways. Furthermore, altered neural cell marker expression suggested viral-induced neuroglial activation, resulting in caspase 4 and lipocalin 2 release and disruption of neuronal molecular networks. CONCLUSION These findings elucidate mechanisms of neuropathogenicity associated with the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant and highlight therapeutic targets to mitigate COVID-19-related neurological dysfunction.
Animals ; COVID-19/genetics* ; Mice ; Brain/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology* ; Pyroptosis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Transcriptome ; Male ; Female

Objective To investigate the value of repeat renal biopsy in the treatment and prognosis of nephrotic syndrome(NS)and acute kidney injury(AKI)following immunosuppressive therapy in patients with lupus nephritis(LN). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for the clinicopathological data and follow-up records of LN patients undergoing repeat renal biopsy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1,2009 to December 31,2021. Results A total of 76 patients(55 females,72.4%)were included in this study,with the mean age at the first biopsy being(29.0±10.4)years,the median inter-biopsy interval of 4.0(2.0,7.0) years,and the median total follow-up duration of 7.5(5.0,13.8)years.Pathological transformation occurred in 46(60.5%)patients,and 2 patients had comorbid diabetic nephropathy.At repeat renal biopsy,50(65.8%) patients presented NS.These patients demonstrated lower estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)(P<0.001),higher chronicity index(CI)(P=0.029),and higher complement C3(P<0.001)and C4(P<0.001)levels than those with NS at the first renal biopsy(n=50).Among the 28(36.8%) patients with AKI at repeat renal biopsy,8(28.6%)experienced acute exacerbation of chronic renal insufficiency.These patients exhibited higher serum creatinine level(P=0.002),C4 level(P=0.033),CI(P=0.042),and prevalence of thrombotic microangiopathy(P=0.046)than the patients showing AKI at the first renal biopsy(n=16),while the activity index(AI)showed no significant difference(P=0.051).Over 50% of NS and AKI patients underwent treatment modifications post-repeat renal biopsy,with clinical remission rates comparable to those after the first renal biopsy(both P>0.05).Elevated CI(≥5,P=0.001)and serum creatinine(≥140 μmol/L,P<0.001)at repeat renal biopsy were identified as independent risk factors for poor prognosis.The patients with AKI at repeat renal biopsy had higher incidence of endpoint events than the non-AKI patients(P=0.015).Neither AKI at the first renal biopsy nor NS at both biopsies had significant associations with prognosis. Conclusions Repeat renal biopsy reveals not only sustained high disease activity but also accelerates chronic progression in LN patients,which underscore its critical role in guiding the therapy for severe LN post-immunosuppression.AKI,CI≥5,and serum creatinine ≥140 μmol/L at repeat renal biopsy are strongly associated with poor prognosis.
Humans ; Lupus Nephritis/drug therapy* ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Male ; Prognosis ; Biopsy ; Kidney/pathology* ; Acute Kidney Injury/pathology* ; Nephrotic Syndrome/pathology* ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Young Adult ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Middle Aged

Background Chronic excessive exposure to fluoride can cause damage to the central nervous system and a certain degree of learning and memory impairment. However, the associated mechanism is not yet clear and further exploration is needed. Objective Using 4D unlabelled quantitative proteomics techniques to explore differentially expressed proteins and their potential mechanisms of action in chronic excessive fluoride exposure induced brain injury. Methods Twenty-four SPF-grade adult SD rats, half male and half male, were selected and divided into a control group and a fluoride group by random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. Among them, the control group drank tap water (fluorine content<1 mg·L⁻¹), the fluoride group drank sodium fluoride solution (fluorine content 10 mg·L⁻¹), and both groups were fed with ordinary mouse feed (fluoride content<0.6 mg·kg⁻¹). After 180 d of feeding, the SD rats were weighed, and then part of the brain tissue was sampled for pathological examination by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining. The rest of the brain tissue was frozen and stored at −80 ℃. Three brain tissue samples from each group were randomly selected for proteomics detection. Differentially expressed proteins were screened and subcellular localization analysis was performed, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, cluster analysis, and protein-protein interaction analysis. Finally, Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of key proteins extracted from the brain tissue samples. Results After 180 d of feeding, the average weight of the rats in the fluoride group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The brain tissue stained with HE showed no significant morphological changes in the cerebral cortex of the fluoride treated rats, and neuron loss, irregular arrangement of neurons, eosinophilic changes, and cell body pyknosis were observed in the hippocampus. The Nissl staining results showed that the staining of neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats exposed to fluoride decreased (Nissl bodies decreased). The proteomics results showed that a total of 6927 proteins were identified. After screening, 206 differentially expressed proteins were obtained between the control group and the fluoride group, including 96 up-regulated proteins and 110 down-regulated proteins. The differential proteins were mainly located in cytoplasm (30.6%), nucleus (27.2%), mitochondria (13.6%), plasma membrane (13.6%), and extracellular domain (11.7%). The GO analysis results showed that differentially expressed proteins mainly participated in biological processes such as iron ion transport, regulation of dopamine neuron differentiation, and negative regulation of respiratory burst in inflammatory response, exercised molecular functions such as ferrous binding, iron oxidase activity, and cytokine activity, and were located in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane, fixed components of the membrane, chloride channel complexes, and other cellular components. The KEGG significantly enriched pathways included biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. The results of differential protein-protein interaction analysis showed that the highest connectivity was found in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi). The expression level of Gpi in the brain tissue of the rats in the fluoride group was lower than that in the control group by Western blotting (P<0.05). Conclusion Multiple differentially expressed proteins are present in the brain tissue of rats with chronic fluorosis, and their functions are related to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments; Gpi may be involved in cerebral neurological damage caused by chronic overdose fluoride exposure.

It has become an industry consensus that self-assembled nanoparticles (SAN) are formed by molecular recognition of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine during the decoction process. The insoluble components in the decoction are mostly in the form of nanoparticles, which can improve the problem of poor water solubility. However, the transfer rate of these insoluble components in the decoction is still very low, which limits the efficacy of the drug. This study aimed to refine the traditional decoction self-assembly phenomenon. The self-assembled nanoparticles were constructed by micro-precipitation method (MP-SAN), and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, stability index and morphology. The formation of MP-SAN and alterations in related physicochemical properties were evaluated using modern spectroscopic and thermal analysis techniques. The quality value transmitting pattern of lignan components within the MP-SAN was assessed via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The MP-SAN showed sphere-like structure with uniform morphology, particle size of (245.3 ± 3.2) nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of (0.13 ± 0.03), zeta potential of (-48.9 ± 5.9) mV and stability index (SI) of (86.05% ± 2.27%). Comprehensive analyses using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and other techniques confirmed molecular recognition between the decoction and ethanol extraction, leading to electron rearrangement under the influence of non-covalent bonding. This resulted in the formation of nanoparticles possessing superior thermal stability. As determined by HPLC, the encapsulation rates of the index components in the MP-SAN were all greater than 75% (dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol: 77.00%; herpetolide A: 78.57%; herpetrione: 94.53%), and the transfer rates were all higher than 65% (dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol: 96.01%; herpetolide A: 67.86%; herpetrione: 65.55%), which were 1.34, 1.38 and 4.81 times compared with those of the traditional decoction. In summary, this study successfully constructed the MP-SAN based on micro-precipitation method to achieve high transfer rate and high encapsulation rate of insoluble components in docoction, which provides a pharmaceutics idea for the efficient utilization of pharmacodynamic substance basis of traditional Chinese medicine.

Due to the high similarity with the lipid layer between human skin keratinocytes, functional cosmetics with layered liquid crystal structure prepared by liquid crystal emulsification technology encapsulating natural active substances have become a hot research topic in recent years. This type of functional cosmetic often has a fresh and natural skin feel, excellent skin barrier repair function and efficient moisturizing effect, etc., showing great potential in cosmetic application. However, the present research on the application of liquid crystal emulsification technology to functional cosmetics is still in the initial stage, and there are fewer relevant reports with reference values. Based on the mentioned above, this review provides a comprehensive summary of functional cosmetics with layered liquid crystal structures prepared by liquid crystal emulsification technology from the following aspects: the structure of human skin, the composition of lamellar liquid crystal, the advantages of liquid crystal emulsification technology containing natural active substances used in the field of functional cosmetics, the preparation process, main components, influencing factors during the preparation and the market functional cosmetics with lamellar liquid crystal structure. Finally, the prospect of the application of liquid crystal emulsification technology in functional cosmetics is presented, to provide useful references for those engaged in the research of liquid crystal emulsification technology-related functional cosmetics.

With the increasing proportion of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection in the pathogenic factors of oro-pharyngeal cancer,a series of changes have occurred in the surgical treatment.While the treatment mode has been im-proved,there are still many problems,including the inconsistency between diagnosis and treatment modes,the lack of popularization of reconstruction technology,the imperfect post-treatment rehabilitation system,and the lack of effective preventive measures.Especially in terms of treatment mode for early oropharyngeal cancer,there is no unified conclu-sion whether it is surgery alone or radiotherapy alone,and whether robotic minimally invasive surgery has better func-tional protection than radiotherapy.For advanced oropharyngeal cancer,there is greater controversy over the treatment mode.It is still unclear whether to adopt a non-surgical treatment mode of synchronous chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy combined with synchronous chemoradiotherapy,or a treatment mode of surgery combined with postopera-tive chemoradiotherapy.In order to standardize the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer in China and clarify the indications for surgical treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,this expert consensus,based on the characteristics and treat-ment status of oropharyngeal cancer in China and combined with the international latest theories and practices,forms consensus opinions in multiple aspects of preoperative evaluation,surgical indication determination,primary tumor re-section,neck lymph node dissection,postoperative defect repair,postoperative complication management prognosis and follow-up of oropharyngeal cancer patients.The key points include:① Before the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer,the expression of P16 protein should be detected to clarify HPV status;② Perform enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial region before surgery to evaluate the invasion of oropharyngeal cancer and guide precise surgical resec-tion of oropharyngeal cancer.Evaluating mouth opening and airway status is crucial for surgical approach decisions and postoperative risk prediction;③ For oropharyngeal cancer patients who have to undergo major surgery and cannot eat for one to two months,it is recommended to undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy before surgery to effectively improve their nutritional intake during treatment;④ Early-stage oropharyngeal cancer patients may opt for either sur-gery alone or radiation therapy alone.For intermediate and advanced stages,HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer general-ly prioritizes radiation therapy,with concurrent chemotherapy considered based on tumor staging.Surgical treatment is recommended as the first choice for HPV unrelated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(including primary and re-current)and recurrent HPV related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy;⑤ For primary exogenous T1-2 oropharyngeal cancer,direct surgery through the oral approach or da Vinci robotic sur-gery is preferred.For T3-4 patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer,it is recommended to use temporary mandibu-lectomy approach and lateral pharyngotomy approach for surgery as appropriate;⑥ For cT1-2N0 oropharyngeal cancer patients with tumor invasion depth＞3 mm and cT3-4N0 HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,selective neck dissection of levels ⅠB to Ⅳ is recommended.For cN+HPV unrelated oropharyngeal cancer patients,therapeutic neck dissection in regions Ⅰ-Ⅴ is advised;⑦ If PET-CT scan at 12 or more weeks after completion of radiation shows intense FDG uptake in any node,or imaging suggests continuous enlargement of lymph nodes,the patient should undergo neck dissection;⑧ For patients with suspected extracapsular invasion preoperatively,lymph node dissection should include removal of surrounding muscle and adipose connective tissue;⑨ The reconstruction of oropharyngeal cancer defects should follow the principle of reconstruction steps,with priority given to adjacent flaps,followed by distal pedicled flaps,and finally free flaps.The anterolateral thigh flap with abundant tissue can be used as the preferred flap for large-scale postoperative defects.

Objective:To explore the optimal storage condition and time of umbilical cord blood from collection to preparation.Methods:Collect cord blood samples from 30 healthy newborns,with each new born's umbilical cord blood was divided into two parts on average.One part was stored in cold storage(4 ℃)and the other was stored at room temperature(20-24 ℃).Samples were taken at 24,36,48,60 and 72 h,respectively,total nucleated cells(TNC)count and TNC viability was analyzed.Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio of viable CD34+cells to viable CD45+cells and viability of CD34+cells,and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage(CFU-GM)count was performed by hematopoietic progenitor cell colony culture.The change trend of each index over time was observed,and the differences in each index was compared between cold storage and room temperature storage under the same storage time.Results:The TNC count(r4℃=-0.9588,r20-24℃=-0.9790),TNC viability(r4℃=-0.9941,r20 24 ℃=-0.9970),CD34+cells viability(r4℃=-0.9932,r20-24℃=-0.9828)of cord blood stored in cold storage(4 ℃)and room temperature storage(20-24 ℃)showed a consistent downward trend with the prolongation of storage time.The percentage of viable CD34+cells(r4℃=0.9169,r20-24 ℃=0.7470)and CFU-GM count(r4℃=-0.2537,r20-24℃=-0.8098)did not show consistent trends.When the storage time was the same,the TNC count,TNC viability,CD34+cells viability and CFU-GM count of cord blood stored in cold storage were higher than those stored at room temperature.Under the same storage time(24,36,48,60 or 72 h),TNC viability in room temperature storage was significantly lower than that in cold storage(P＜0.001),but TNC count,percentage of viable CD34+cells and CFU-GM count were not significantly different between room temperature storage and cold storage.When stored at room temperature for 24 h and 36 h,the viability of CD34+cells was significantly lower than that in cold storage(P＜0.001,P＜0.01),when the storage time for 48,60 and 72 h,there was no significant difference in the CD34+cells viability between room temperature storage and cold storage.Conclusion:It is recommended that cord blood be stored in cold storage(4 ℃)from collection to preparation,and processed as soon as possible.