The recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) can be used for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) preparation before ¹³¹I therapy, and follow-up. Since its approval by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998, rhTSH has been clinically used in European countries, the United States, and other countries for nearly 30 years. In April 2024, China’s first independently developed rhTSH agent was approved. Based on clinical experience and evidence from domestic and international studies, an expert consensus on the application of rhTSH has been developed following thorough consultations among experts. The consensus offers evidence-based recommendations to guide the appropriate use of rhTSH in clinical practice.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. As the incidence of AD continues to rise annually, researchers have shown keen interest in the active components found in natural plants and their neuroprotective effects against AD. Quercetin, a flavonol widely present in fruits and vegetables, has multiple biological effects including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of AD, and the antioxidant properties of quercetin are essential for its neuroprotective function. Quercetin can modulate multiple signaling pathways related to AD, such as Nrf2-ARE, JNK, p38 MAPK, PON2, PI3K/Akt, and PKC, all of which are closely related to oxidative stress. Furthermore, quercetin is capable of inhibiting the aggregation of β‑amyloid protein (Aβ) and the phosphorylation of tau protein, as well as the activity of β‑secretase 1 and acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the progression of the disease.The review also provides insights into the pharmacokinetic properties of quercetin, including its absorption, metabolism, and excretion, as well as its bioavailability challenges and clinical applications. To improve the bioavailability and enhance the targeting of quercetin, the potential of quercetin nanomedicine delivery systems in the treatment of AD is also discussed. In summary, the multifaceted mechanisms of quercetin against AD provide a new perspective for drug development. However, translating these findings into clinical practice requires overcoming current limitations and ongoing research. In this way, its therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD can be fully utilized.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Senegenin(SEN)alleviates microglial inflammatory response through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Methods BV2 mouse microglia cells were randomly divided into control group,model group,SEN group and MCC950 group.Cells in control group were not treated,and cells in model group were added with 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide(LPS);Cells in SEN group were added with 1 μg/ml LPS+4 μmol/L SEN,and cells in MCC950 group were added with 1 μg/ml LPS+10 μmol/L MCC950 for 24 hours.CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of SEN on the viability of BV2 cells.Griess method was used to determine the release amount of nitric oxide(NO)in the supernatant.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3,lymphocyte apoptosis-associated spect-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),caspase-1,interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 mRNA.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of ASC,IL-1β,Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1).Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,ASC,IL-1β,IL-18,Nrf2,HO-1,nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).Results The results of CCK-8 method showed that there was no significant difference in the viability of BV2 cells treated with 2～20 μmol/L SEN compared with control group(P>0.05).Compared with control group,the viability of BV2 cells in model group decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the viability of BV2 cells in 4 μmol/L SEN group was significantly restored(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the results of Griess method showed that the release amount of NO in cells of model group increased significantly(P<0.05);the results of real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA in cells of model group increased significantly(P<0.05);the results of Western blotting showed that the protein expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 proteins in cells of model group increased significantly(P<0.05),and the immunofluorescence staining results showed that the expression levels of iNOS and NF-κB protein in cells of model group increased,and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 decreased,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Compared with model group,the release amount of NO in cells of SEN group and MCC950 group decreased,and the expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA and proteins decreased,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05);in the SEN group,the expression levels of iNOS and NF-κB decreased,and immunofluorescence staining showed that Nrf2 was translocated into the nucleus,and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins increased significantly,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusions SEN could alleviate the inflammatory response of mouse microglia cells induced by LPS and inhibit the activation and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome,with an effect comparable to that of the inflammasome inhibitor MCC950.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of upstream factors Nrf2 and HO-1.

Objective To analyze the effects of left bundle branch area pacing(LBBaP)on atrial fibrillation occurrence after dual-chamber pacemaker implantation.Methods The medical records of 87 patients who underwent dual-chamber pacemaker implantation at People's Hospital between May 2021 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to different implantation methods,the patients were divided into an observation group(n=45)and a control group(n=42).The control group received traditional right ventricular pacing(RVP),while the observation group received LBBaP.Serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),QRS onset-to-end duration(QRSd),echocardiographic parameters,cardiac pacing parameters,complications,atrial high-rate events,and atrial fibrillation incidence were compared between the two groups.Results Twelve months after surgery,serum NT-proBNP levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and QRS duration(QRSd)was shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)or left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD)between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively(P＞0.05).Left atrial diameter(LAD)was smaller in the observation group than in the control group at 12 months postoperatively(P＜0.05).No significant differences were observed in sensing levels or the proportion of cardiac pacing between the two groups(P＞0.05).However,the proportion of ventricular pacing was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Intraoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively,impedance levels were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05),while threshold values were higher in the observation group(P＜0.05).Total complication rates did not differ significantly between the two groups(P＞0.05).At 12 months postoperatively,the incidence of atrial fibrillation was similar between the two groups(P＞0.05),but the incidence of atrial high-rate events was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).At 24 months postoperatively,both the incidence of atrial high-rate events and atrial fibrillation were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with traditional RVP implantation,LBBaP implantation can significantly improve left heart function,provide more stable pacing parameters,and reduce the risk of long-term atrial high-rate events and atrial fibrillation.The risk of complications is similar for both groups,but LBBaP implantation increases the pacing threshold.

Objective To analyze the effect of dronedarone and propafenone in preventing postoperative recurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)and to discuss its influence on inflammatory response and myocardial injury.Methods A total of 113 patients with AF,who were admitted to the Qiandongnan People's Hospital of China from July 2022 to March 2024,were enrolled in this study.By using random number table method,the patients were divided into control group(n=56)and study group(n=57).All patients received circumpulmonary vein electrical isolation.After treatment,the patients of control group were given propafenone orally for three months,while the patients of study group received dronedarone orally for three months.Both the preoperative and postoperative 3-month inflammatory response indicators including hypersensitive C-reactive protein(Hs-CRP),leucolipin,nucleotide-bound oligomeric domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome,and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),the echocardiographic indicators including left atrial maximum volume(LAMV),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),the myocardial injury markers including creatine kinase(CK),cardiac troponin I(cTn I),the central nervous specific protein β(S100β),the creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),the adverse reactions,and the recurrence of AF were compared between the two groups.Results At 3 months after treatment,the serum levels of hs-CRP,leucolipin,NLRP3 inflammasome and TNF-α were decreased in both groups(all P＜0.01),which in the study group were obviously lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.001);the levels of LAMV and LVESD were decreased in both groups(both P＜0.01),which in the study group were remarkably lower than those in the control group(both P＜0.001);the level of LVEF was increased in both groups(P＜0.01),which in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.001);the levels of CK,cTn I,S100β,and CK-MB were decreased in both groups(all P＜0.01),which in the study group were strikingly lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.001).The incidence of adverse drug reactions in control group and in the study group was 5.36％(3/56)and 7.02％(4/57 cases)respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Within 3 months after treatment,the recurrence rate in the study group was 5.26％(3/57),which was lower than 19.64％(11/56)in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with propafenone,the use of dronedarone after circumferential pulmonary vein electrical isolation in patients with AF can improve the cardiac functions,reduce myocardial injury and inflammatory responses,and lower the risk of postoperative recurrence of AF.

Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

The telomere structure in the cell nucleus is crucial for maintaining the stability and functions of chromosomes.Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase,which catalyzes the elongation of telomeres using its own RNA as a template,thereby counteracting the shortening of telomeres caused by chromosome replication and cell division.Due to its overexpression in over 85％of malignant tumor cells,telomerase has emerged as a highly promising biomarker and a novel target for cancer therapy.In recent years,given the importance of precise quantification of telomerase activity in guiding medical diagnosis and treatment strategies,researchers have developed various high-performance telomerase detection techniques.Among these,electrochemical biosensing technique has cause much attention due to its high sensitivity,operational convenience,rapid response,and ease of miniaturization.This paper focused on the latest advances in electrochemical sensing technique for detection of telomerase activity,aiming to provide inspiration for designing novel telomerase activity detection strategies by elucidating three unique properties of telomerase primer extension products.

The hydroxyl value and conjugated linoleic acid content of dehydrated castor oils are two important indicators that reflect its properties.Thus,monitoring the two indicators can better realize the industrial production of high-quality dehydrated castor oils.However,traditional chemical measurement methods have many disadvantages in determination of the two indictors,including large reagent consumption,long determination time,and cannot achieve rapid monitoring.Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR)is a new and non-destructive detection method that is low-cost and can achieve rapid detection.In this work,FTIR technique was employed to collect spectral information of dehydrated castor oils and analyze the relationship between FTIR spectral information and hydroxyl value and conjugated linoleic acid content,and a rapid detection method for detecting the property indicators of dehydrated castor oils was thus established.FTIR scanning was performed on dehydrated castor oils with a hydroxyl value of 21.9-161.4 mg KOH/g and a conjugated linoleic acid content of less than 37.5%.Among different preprocessing methods,orthogonal scatter correction(OSC)could improve the prediction accuracy of the resulting model,by which the optimal modeling data segments for hydroxyl value and conjugated linoleic acid content were 3200-3800 cm-1 and 800-1200 cm-1,respectively,and the optimal modeling method was partial least squares(PLS).The coefficients of determination of the optimal models for hydroxyl value and conjugated linoleic acid content were all above 0.99.

Forensic medicine has been designated as a first-level discipline,presenting new opportunities and challenges for the development of forensic medicine.Since the 1980s,the establishment of foren-sic medicine discipline and the cultivation of high-level forensic talents have become hot topics in the development of forensic medicine in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan,the forensic team of Shanxi Medical University has been aiming at the forefront,proposing the development goals of"Five First-class"and the discipline development path"Six Major Achievements".It has selected benchmark disci-plines,identified gaps in disciplinary development,unified thoughts,formulated completion timelines,concentrated superior resources,assigned tasks to individuals,and created an"Organized Fill-in-the-Blank Format"forensic medicine discipline construction model with the characteristics of the new era.The construction model of forensic medicine has achieved good results in the goals,discipline frame-work,scientific research,talent cultivation,discipline team and platform construction,forming a rela-tively complete discipline construction and management system,and accumulating valuable experience for the construction of first-level discipline and high-level talent cultivation of forensic medicine.

PURPOSE: To methodically assess the effectiveness of augmentative plating (AP) and exchange nailing (EN) in managing nonunion following intramedullary nailing for long bone fractures of the lower extremity. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to gather clinical studies regarding the use of AP and EN techniques in the treatment of nonunion following intramedullary nailing of lower extremity long bones. The search was conducted up until May 2023. The original studies underwent an independent assessment of their quality, a process conducted utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were retrieved from these studies, and meta-analysis was executed utilizing Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 8 studies involving 661 participants, with 305 in the AP group and 356 in the EN group. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the AP group exhibited a higher rate of union (odds ratio: 8.61, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.12 - 17.99, p < 0.001), shorter union time (standardized mean difference (SMD): -1.08, 95% CI: -1.79 - -0.37, p = 0.003), reduced duration of the surgical procedure (SMD: -0.56, 95% CI: -0.93 - -0.19, p = 0.003), less bleeding (SMD: -1.5, 95% CI: -2.81 - -0.18, p = 0.03), and a lower incidence of complications (relative risk: -0.17, 95% CI: -0.27 - -0.06, p = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the time for union in the AP group in nonisthmal and isthmal nonunion of lower extremity long bones was shorter compared to the EN group (nonisthmal SMD: -1.94, 95% CI: -3.28 - -0.61, p < 0.001; isthmal SMD: -1.08, 95% CI: -1.64 - -0.52, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION In the treatment of nonunion in diaphyseal fractures of the long bones in the lower extremity, the AP approach is superior to EN, both intraoperatively (with reduced duration of the surgical procedure and diminished blood loss) and postoperatively (with an elevated union rate, shorter union time, and lower incidence of complications). Specifically, in the management of nonunion of lower extremity long bones with non-isthmal and isthmal intramedullary nails, AP demonstrated shorter union time in comparison to EN.
Humans ; Bone Nails/adverse effects* ; Bone Plates/adverse effects* ; Femoral Fractures/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods* ; Fractures, Ununited/surgery* ; Lower Extremity/injuries*