Objective: To understand the relationship between working hours and occupational stress among front-line employees in manufacturing enterprises, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of occupational stress. Methods: Front-line employees from 5 manufacturing enterprises in Hangzhou City were selected from June to November 2024 using random cluster sampling. Demographic information and occupational information such as daily average working hours and weekly working hours, were collected through questionnaires. The effort-reward imbalance questionnaire was used to investigate occupational stress. The association between working hours and occupational stress was analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 926 people were surveyed, among whom 572 were male, accounting for 61.77%, and 354 were female, accounting for 38.23%. The average age was (32.98±8.28) years. There were 515 people (55.62%) who had a monthly personal income of more than 5 000 yuan but less than 9 000 yuan. There were 353 people (38.12%) who had a working seniority of less than 5 years. There were 784 people (84.67%) who had an average daily working hours of >8 hours and 645 people (69.65%) who had a weekly working day of more than 5 days. There were 338 people (36.50%) on the shift work system, and 331 people (35.75%) worked night shifts. A total of 707 people were detected with occupational stress, with a detection rate of 76.35%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, educational level, marital status, number of children, only-child status, monthly personal income, working seniority, weekly working hours, assembly-line work, shift work system and night shift, compared with employees with an average daily working hours of ≤8 hours, the risk of occupational stress increased by 118.7% for those with an average daily working hours of >8-<10 hours (OR=2.187, 95%CI: 1.434-3.336) and by 248.4% for those with an average daily working hours of ≥10 hours (OR=3.484, 95%CI: 2.034-5.966). Conclusions The detection rate of occupational stress among front-line employees in manufacturing enterprises in Hangzhou City is high. Long average daily working hours can increase the risk of occupational stress among employees in manufacturing enterprises. It is recommended to reasonably arrange work intensity and working hours.

In this study, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and tissue distribution of cannabidiol(CBD)/γ-polyglutamic acid-g-cholesterol(γ-PGA-g-CHOL) nanomicelles [CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs] were investigated by pharmacokinetic experiments, and the effect of CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory damage of cells was evaluated by cell experiments. CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs were prepared by dialysis. The CBD concentrations in the plasma samples of male SD rats treated with CBD and CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs were investigated, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared. UPLC-MS/MS was employed to determine the concentration of CBD in tissue samples. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and muscle samples were collected at different time points to explore the tissue distribution of CBD and CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs. The Caco-2 cell model of LPS-induced inflammation was established, and the cell viability, transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER), and secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined to compare the anti-inflammatory activity between the two groups. The results showed that CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs had the average particle size of(163.1±2.3)nm, drug loading of 8.78%±0.28%, and encapsulation rate of 84.46%±0.35%. Compared with CBD, CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs showed increased peak concentration(C_(max)) and prolonged peak time(t_(max)) and mean residence time(MRT_(0-t)). Within 24 h, the tissue distribution concentration of CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs was higher than that of CBD. In addition, both CBD and CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs significantly enhanced Caco-2 cell viability and TEER, lowered the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines, and alleviated inflammation. Moreover, CBD/(γ-PGA-g-CHOL)NMs demonstrated stronger anti-inflammatory effect. It can be inferred that γ-PGA-g-CHOL blank nanomicelles are good carriers of CBD, being capable of prolonging the circulation time of CBD in the blood, improving the bioavailability and tissue distribution concentration of CBD, and protecting against LPS-induced inflammatory injury. The findings can provide an experimental basis for the development and clinical application of oral CBD preparations.
Animals ; Cannabidiol/administration & dosage* ; Polyglutamic Acid/analogs & derivatives* ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage* ; Micelles ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cholesterol/pharmacokinetics* ; Tissue Distribution ; Nanoparticles/chemistry*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application effect of grid locator in hip arthroscopy for the treatment of femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). METHODS: Total of 50 patients of FAI were treated by arthroscopic hip joint surgery for from January 2020 to January 2021, and were divided into two groups according to intraoperative positioning methods. Among them, 27 cases in the positioner group were treated by hip arthroscopy assisted by grid positioner including 10 males and 17 females with a mean age of (35.91±9.92) years old. In the non-locator group, 23 cases were treated with hip arthroscopy by positioning puncture according to the operator's experience including 12 males and 11 females with a mean age of (36.01±11.03) years old. Intraoperative fluoroscopy times, puncture time, adjusted puncture times and operation time of two groups were compared. The α Angle and lateral central edge(LCE) angle of hip joint were measured and compared before and after operation. Four evaluation indexes were recorded and compared, including pain visual analogue scale(VAS), hip Harris score, non-inflammatory hip joint score (NAHS), hip joint activities of daily living (HOS-ADL). RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months with an average of (18.69±3.72) months. The α angle and LCE angle of hip joint at 1 month after operation were decreased in both groups(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups(P>0.05). VAS, hip Harris score, NAHS and HOS-ADL score after operation were higher than those before operation(P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance between groups (P>0.05). Intraoperative fluoroscopy times(6.04±1.13), puncture time(13.19±3.52) min, puncture adjustment times(4.59±1.55) and operation time(48.28±3.38) min in the positioner group were less (shorter) than those of (13.43±2.56), (22.39±2.93) min, (10.43±3.33), (62.25±5.73) min in the non-positioner group(P<0.05). No postoperative complications occurred in both groups, and the pain was significantly relieved. CONCLUSION The application of hip arthroscopy in the treatment of femoral acetabular impingement sign can obtain good postoperative results. Compared with the traditional positioning method, the grid locator can improve the accuracy of skin positioning point, shorten the puncture time, reduce the number of fluoroscopy, and improve the efficiency of surgical puncture.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Arthroscopy/instrumentation* ; Femoracetabular Impingement/physiopathology* ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Hip Joint/surgery*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the chain mediating role of family care and emotional management in the relationship between social support and anxiety among rural primary school students. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted among students in grades 4 to 6 from four counties in Hunan Province. Data were collected using the Social Support Rating Scale, Family Care Index Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of anxiety symptoms. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the chain mediating effects of family care and emotional management between social support and anxiety. RESULTS: A total of 4 141 questionnaires were distributed, with 3 874 valid responses (effective response rate: 93.55%). The prevalence rate of anxiety symptoms among these students was 9.32% (95%CI: 8.40%-10.23%). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence rates of anxiety symptoms among groups with different levels of social support, family functioning, and emotional management ability (P<0.05). The total indirect effect of social support on anxiety symptoms via family care and emotional management was significant (β=-0.137, 95%CI: -0.167 to -0.109), and the direct effect of social support on anxiety symptoms remained significant (P<0.05). Family care and emotional management served as significant chain mediators in the relationship between social support and anxiety symptoms (β=-0.025,95%CI:-0.032 to -0.018), accounting for 14.5% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Social support can directly affect anxiety symptoms among rural primary school students and can also indirectly influence anxiety symptoms through the chain mediating effects of family care and emotional management. These findings provide scientific evidence for the prevention of anxiety in primary school students from multiple perspectives.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Social Support ; Anxiety/etiology* ; Child ; Students/psychology* ; Emotions ; Logistic Models

Objective:To explore the trend of hearing changes in infants with GJB2 gene p.V37I mutation at different months. Methods:The subjects were 54 children（108 ears） with p.V37I homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in GJB2 gene. All the subjects underwent auditory brainstem response, auditory steady-state response, acoustic immittance and other audiological tests. Children were divided into three groups according to their age, 26 cases in group A were ≤3 months old, 17 cases in group B were>3~≤6 months old, and 11 cases in group C were>6 months old. Statistical analysis was performed on the three groups of ABR response threshold, hearing degree, the ASSR average response threshold of four frequencies and the ASSR response thresholds for each frequency of 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz. Results:Among the 54 cases, 35 were male and 19 were female, with an age rang of 2-27 months and a median age of 4 months. The ABR response threshold of the three groups were ranked from low to high as group A, group B and group C, and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The ABR response thresholds of the three groups were ranked from low to high as group A, group B, and group C. The comparison between groups showed that the ABR response thresholds of group C was higher than that of group A（P=0.006）. The proportion of confirmed hearing loss in the three groups was 34.61%, 50.00% and 63.64%, respectively, and the difference of hearing level among the three groups was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The comparison between groups showed that the difference between group A and group C was statistically significant（P=0.012）, normal hearing accounted for the highest proportion in group A（65.39%）, while mild hearing loss accounted for the highest proportion in group C（45.46%）. The ASSR average response thresholds of the four frequencies in the three groups were ranked from low to high as group A, group B and group C, and the difference is statistically significant（P<0.05）. The comparison between groups showed that response ASSR thresholds of group C was higher than that of group A（P=0.002）. Response thresholds of ASSR in each frequency in the three groups were all ranked from low to high as in group A, group B and group C, and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Compared with each other between groups, response ASSR thresholds of group C was higher than those of group A（P=0.003） and group B（P=0.015） at 500 Hz, while response ASSR thresholds of group C was higher than group A at 1 000 Hz（P=0.010） and 2 000 Hz（P<0.001）, and there was no statistical difference at 4 000 Hz. Conclusion:The incidence of hearing loss in GJB2 gene p.V37I mutation increased with age, and the degree of hearing loss increased, the hearing progression was mainly 500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz suggesting regular follow-up and alert to hearing changes.
Humans ; Connexin 26 ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Mutation ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Connexins/genetics* ; Auditory Threshold ; Hearing/genetics* ; Hearing Loss/genetics*

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy(MNGIE),a rare mitochondrial disorder caused by TYMP gene mutations,is characterized by severe gastrointestinal dysmotility,peripheral neuropathy,and leukodystrophy.This article summarizes the clinical data and intestinal ultrasound findings of a MNGIE case,aiming to provide insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Humans ; Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/diagnostic imaging* ; Ultrasonography ; Intestines/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Female ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/diagnostic imaging* ; Ophthalmoplegia/congenital* ; Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Shuangye San(the prescription mainly composed of Mori Folium and Nelumbinis Folium)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)of spleen deficiency and phlegm stasis type.Methods A total of 80 patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD of spleen deficiency and phlegm stasis type were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional western medicine for lowering blood glucose and lipid,protecting liver and lowering enzymes.The treatment group was treated with the granules of Shuangye San orally on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment lasted for three months.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),fasting insulin(FINS),fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),liver function indicators and B-ultrasound grading of fatty liver in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)After three months of treatment,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 85.00％(34/40),and that of the control group was 70.00％(28/40).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy of the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.01).(2)After treatment,the scores of TCM symptoms of obese physique,heaviness and weakness in the limbs,shortness of breath and unwilling to talk,tightness and stabbing pain in the chest,abdominal distension and poor appetite in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of TCM syndrome scores in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the levels of glucose and lipid metabolism indicators of FINS,HOMA-IR,FBG,2hPG,HbA1C,TC,TG and LDL-C in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the level of HDL-C was significantly increased compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05).The decrease of FINS,HOMA-IR,FBG,2hPG,HbA1C,TC,TG and LDL-C levels and the increase of HDL-C levels in the treatment group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the levels of liver function indicators of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of liver function indicators in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(5)After treatment,the B-ultrasound grading of fatty liver of the two groups was significantly improved compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the improvement of fatty liver B-ultrasound grading in the treatment group was significantly superior to that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(6)During the treatment,there were no adverse reactions such as impairment of liver and kidney function and abnormalities in routine blood,urine and stool test in the two groups.Conclusion Shuangye San exerts certain effect in the treatment of T2DM complicated with NAFLD of spleen deficiency and phlegm stasis type.It can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients,correct the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism,and improve liver function and fatty liver B-ultrasound grading.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided endovascular therapy for autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) thrombosis.Methods:It was a single-center retrospective cohort study. Data of patients undergoing ultrasound-guided intravascular therapy due to AVF thrombosis in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2018 to June 2021 were analyzed. According to different surgical procedures, the patients were divided into two groups. Patients treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) + drilling thrombectomy were in group A, and patients treated with PTA only were in group B. After 1 year of follow-up, the surgical technique success rate, primary patency rate, secondary patency rate and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 152 patients were enrolled, including 74 in group A and 78 in group B. There were no significant differences in gender, age, proportion of patients with diabetes and hypertension, and thrombosis time of AVF between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with group B, the diameter and length of thrombus in group A were larger [13.0(9.0, 16.0) mm vs. 6.0(5.0, 6.5) mm, Z=-9.362, P<0.001; 12(8, 15) cm vs. 3(3, 4) cm, Z=-10.061, P<0.001], and the establishment time of AVF was longer [5(2, 7) years vs. 2(1, 5) years, Z=-2.698, P=0.007]. Among the overall patients, the success rate of surgery was 96.7% (147/152), and the success rate of surgery was 95.9% (71/74) in group A and 97.4% (76/78) in group B respectively, with no statistical difference ( χ2=0.004, P=0.952). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that, overall, the primary patency rate at 3rd, 6th and 12th month after operation was 87.1%, 71.4% and 56.6%, and the secondary patency rate was 97.1%, 96.4% and 94.1%, respectively. The primary patency rate of group A at 3rd, 6th and 12th month was 82.4%, 66.7% and 53.6%, and the secondary patency rate was 95.7%, 94.2% and 89.7%, respectively. The primary patency rate of group B at 3rd, 6th and 12th month was 91.5%, 73.2% and 59.7%, and the secondary patency rate was 98.6%, 98.6% and 98.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the primary and secondary patency rate between group A and group B at 3rd, 6th and 12th month (all P>0.05). The duration of operation in group A was longer than that in group B [2.0(1.9, 2.0) h vs. 2.0(1.0, 2.0) h, Z=-5.181, P<0.001], but no serious complications occurred in both groups. Conclusion:The two surgical methods are effective, safe and reliable in the treatment of AVF thrombosis, and have high clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis of imported Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Zhejiang Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Henan Province from 2014 to 2021, so as to provide insights into malaria control in these five provinces. Methods All data pertaining to malaria cases reported in five provinces of China were captured from Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2014 to 2021, and the epidemiological characteristics of imported P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases were analysed using a descriptive epidemiological method. The duration from onset of malaria to initial diagnosis, duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis, institutions of initial and definitive diagnoses, and proportion of correct malaria diagnosis at initial diagnosis were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 1 223 imported P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases were reported in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2021, there were 158 P. malariae malaria cases (12.92%) and 1 065 P. ovale malaria cases (87.08%). Totally 98.53% (1 205/1 223) of the imported malaria cases were from Africa, with Angola (18.99%, 30/158), Nigeria (11.39%,18/158), Cameroon (10.76%, 17/158), Ghana (10.13%, 16/158) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (10.13%,16/158) as predominant countries where P. malariae malaria cases were from, and Ghana (23.19%, 247/1 065), Cameroon (14.74%, 157/1 065), Nigeria (9.39%, 100/1 065) and Angola (6.95%, 74/1 065) as predominant countries where P. ovale malaria cases were from. There were significant differences in the duration from onset of malaria to initial diagnosis (χ² = 27.673, P = 0.000) and duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis of P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases (χ² = 29.808, P = 0.000), and the proportions of correct initial diagnosis of P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases were 38.61% (61/158) and 56.53% (602/1 065). There were 74.69% (118/158) of P. malariae malaria cases with definitive diagnosis in county-, city-, and province-level medical institutions, and 79.25% (844/1 065) of P. ovale malaria cases with definitive diagnosis in county- and city-level medical institutions and county-level centers for disease control and prevention. Conclusions The imported P. malariae and P. ovale malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2021 were mainly returned from Africa and the proportion of correct diagnosis of P. malariae and P. ovale malaria was low at initial diagnosis. Persistent improvements in the diagnostic capability of malaria are required in medical institutions.

Background Injury is a major public health issue, and studying the correlation between temperature and injury in the context of climate change is of great significance for injury prevention and control. Objective To analyze the association between temperature and the volume of emergency medical service response due to injury in Chengdu. Methods Using a retrospective ecological study design, weather data in Chengdu were collected from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2023 from Chengdu Meteorological Office, including daily average temperature, daily average relative humidity, average wind speed, average pressure, sunshine, and rainfall. Emergency medical service data were collected from an emergency medical service center in Chengdu. A distributional lag non-linear model was conducted to calculate the association between temperature and volume of emergency medical service response due to injury, and gender- and age-stratified analyses were followed to identify susceptible groups. Results Overall 219685 incidents of emergency medical service dispatching due to injury were collected during the study period. The top three injury causes were traffic accident (90765, 41.32%), poisoning (44101, 20.07%), and falling (44046, 20.05%). When daily average temperature exceeded 17.9 ℃, as the temperature rised, the volume of emergency medical service response for injury increased. In terms of the single-day lag effect, the risk of emergency medical service response for injury elevated on lag1 and persisted until lag6, the maximum daily effectwas observed on lag2, lag3 and lag4, and their relative risks associated with every 1℃ higher above 17.9 ℃ were both 1.08 times, 95%CIs were (1.03, 1.14), (1.04, 1.12), and (1.04, 1.16) respectively. Both men and women were susceptible to temperature, but on the same lag day, the men's RR value was higher than the women's. There was no statistical difference in the lag effect of temperature on the 0-17 age group; the lag effect on the 18-44 age group appeared on lag1, and lasted to lag6; that for the 45-64 age group appeared on lag1, and lasted to lag4; that for the 65 age group and over was only on lag 3 (RR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.10). Conclusion As the temperature rises, the volume of emergency medical service response due to injury is increased in Chengdu. In particular, the associated impact is significant on males and people aged 18-44 years old.